长春瑞滨加顺铂治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌26例

  目的 观察长春瑞滨（国产）与顺铂联合化疗治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌的疗效。方法 NP方案：长春瑞滨25 mg／m2第1、8天加顺铂40 ~ 50 mg第1 ~ 3天，治疗期非小细胞肺癌26例。结果 部分缓解（PR）8例，稳定（NC）14例，进展（PD）4例，总有效率30.8 %，初治有效率46.7 %，复治有效率9.1 %。主要毒副作用为白细胞减少。结论 长春瑞滨与顺铂联合化疗治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌是一个疗效好，毒性中等的一线方案。     

康艾联合顺铂加长春瑞宾化疗方案治疗非小细胞肺癌的Meta分析

目的：系统地评价中药康艾注射液联合顺铂加长春瑞宾（Navelbine and Eisplatin,NP）化疗方案治疗非小细胞肺癌（non-small cell lung cancer,NSCLC）的临床疗效和安全性。方法：计算机检索Cochrane Librar-y、PubMed、EMBASE、中国生物医学文献数据库、中国期刊全文数据库、中文科技期刊全文数据库,检索时间从各数据库建库至2010年12月;同时辅助其他检索,纳入康艾联合顺铂加长春瑞宾化疗方案治疗非小细胞肺癌的随机对照试验（RCTs）。两名评价者独立评价纳入研究的质量并提取资料,并用RevMan5.0软件进行统计分析。结果：共纳入10篇RCTs（649例患者）,Meta分析结果显示：与单纯NP化疗方案相比,康艾注射液联合NP化疗方案可以提高临床应答率,改善患者的近期疗效,提高生活质量,减少患者临床症状,在降低血液学毒性方面,对白细胞作用明显,同时降低恶心呕吐的发生。结论：康艾联合顺铂加长春瑞宾化疗方案治疗非小细胞肺癌,可提高NSCLC治疗的近期疗效和患者生活质量、改善骨髓抑制,并降低化疗所产生的不良反应,可以作为化疗的辅助用药。     

康艾联合顺铂加长春瑞宾化疗方案治疗非小细胞肺癌的Meta分析

目的:系统地评价中药康艾注射液联合顺铂加长春瑞宾(Navelbine and Eisplatin,NP)化疗方案治疗非小细胞肺癌(non-small cell lung cancer,NSCLC)的临床疗效和安全性。方法:计算机检索Cochrane Librar-y、PubMed、EMBASE、中国生物医学文献数据库、中国期刊全文数据库、中文科技期刊全文数据库,检索时间从各数据库建库至2010年12月;同时辅助其他检索,纳入康艾联合顺铂加长春瑞宾化疗方案治疗非小细胞肺癌的随机对照试验(RCTs)。两名评价者独立评价纳入研究的质量并提取资料,并用RevMan5.0软件进行统计分析。结果:共纳入10篇RCTs(649例患者),Meta分析结果显示:与单纯NP化疗方案相比,康艾注射液联合NP化疗方案可以提高临床应答率,改善患者的近期疗效,提高生活质量,减少患者临床症状,在降低血液学毒性方面,对白细胞作用明显,同时降低恶心呕吐的发生。结论:康艾联合顺铂加长春瑞宾化疗方案治疗非小细胞肺癌,可提高NSCLC治疗的近期疗效和患者生活质量、改善骨髓抑制,并降低化疗所产生的不良反应,可以作为化疗的辅助用药。     

长春瑞宾联合顺铂或顺铂/丝裂霉素一线治疗不可手术非小细胞肺癌

目的比较长春瑞宾联合顺铂和丝裂霉素(MNP)和长春瑞宾联合顺铂(NP)一线治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)的疗效与安全性.方法65例经细胞学或病理确诊的NSCLC患者分别接受MNP或NP方案化疗.长春瑞宾25 mg/m2静注,d18 c;顺铂为75 mg/m2,静脉滴注d1;MNP方案中丝裂霉素用法为6 mg/m2,静注第1天.两方案均每3周重复,两周期后评价疗效,并随访毒副反应.结果两组中位化疗周期数均为3.NP组PR为11例,总体有效率为33%;PD 5例(15%);MNP组PR为12例(38%),PD为5例(16%),与NP组相比,差异无显著性(P＞0.05).常见副反应有白细胞减少、贫血、便秘、恶心、呕吐等.MNP组Ⅲ与Ⅳ度白细胞减少症发生率高达41%;有3例因中性粒细胞减少并发感染而发热,其中1例死亡.NP与MNP组中位生存期分别为12与11个月,差异无统计学意义.结论长春瑞宾联合顺铂和丝裂霉素一线治疗晚期NSCLC在疗效上不优于长春瑞宾联合顺铂,毒副反应增加;不应作为晚期NSCLC的常规一线方案.     

GP方案和NP方案治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌疗效比较

目的 比较GP方案与NP方案治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌疗效及毒副作用.方法 61例晚期非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)患者中29例应用吉西他滨1 000 mg/m2,第1天、第8天静脉滴注,顺铂40 mg第1天～第3天静脉滴注;32例应用长春瑞滨25 mg/m2第1天、第8天静脉注射,顺铂40 mg第1天～第3天静脉滴注;21天为一周期,治疗2周期以上评定疗效.结果 GP组有效率41.38%,NP组有效率43.75%,两组无统计学差异(P＞0.05).主要毒副作用为骨髓抑制,NP组白细胞数下降高于GP组(87.50%比51.74%);GP组血小板数下降高于NP组(82.75%比31.25%).结论 GP方案和NP方案治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌均安全有效,疗效相当,不良反应均可耐受.     

长春瑞滨联合顺铂治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌

目的:观察长春瑞滨联合顺铂治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌的疗效和毒副反应.方法:对经病理组织学或细胞学证实的46例晚期非小细胞肺癌患者,给予长春瑞滨与顺铂联合治疗,其中长春瑞滨25mg/m2,静脉滴注,第1、8天给药;顺铂90mg/m2,静脉滴注,分为第1-3天给药.21天为一周期,每位患者治疗3周期.结果:全组完全缓解2例,部分缓解19例,稳定21例,进展4例,总有效率为45.6%.最常见的毒副反应为骨髓抑制,Ⅲ度～Ⅳ度白细胞、白血板减少率分别为47.8%和8.7%,其余毒性反应均轻微可耐受.结论:长春瑞滨联合顺铂治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌疗效较好,毒性可以耐受.     

GP方案和NP方案治疗晚期NSCLC近期疗效比较

目的观察吉西他滨联合顺铂（GP方案）与长春瑞滨联合顺铂（NP方案）治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌（NSCLC）的疗效及毒副反应。方法对89例经病理或细胞学证实的晚期非小细胞肺癌患者给予联合化疗,GP方案49例,NP方案40例,两组病例具有可比性。吉西他滨1000 mg/m2,静脉滴注第1、8天;顺铂25 mg/m2,静脉滴注,第1~3天;长春瑞滨25 mg/m2,静脉滴注,第1、8天。21 d为一个周期,每例患者治疗2周期以上。结果 GP组总有效率46.9%,NP组总有效率42.5%,差异无显著性（P〉0.05）。最常见的毒副反应为骨髓抑制。GP组Ⅲ~Ⅳ度血小板减少发生率显著高于NP组（P〈0.05）,而NP组Ⅲ~Ⅳ度白细胞减少发生率显著高于GP组（P〈0.05）。静脉炎发生率NP组显著高于GP组（P〈0.05）。结论 GP方案与NP方案治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌（NSCLC）疗效肯定,毒性均可耐受。两方案疗效比较差异无显著性。     

GP方案和NP方案治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌疗效和不良反应比较

目的比较GP方案和NP方案治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌（NSCLC）的疗效和不良反应。方法晚期NSCLC患者57例,分别接受吉西他滨＋顺铂（GP）方案或长春瑞滨＋顺铂（NP）方案治疗。GP组29例,吉西他滨1 000 mg/m2,d1、d8,静滴,顺铂25 mg/m2,d1-3,静滴;NP组28例,长春瑞滨25 mg/m2,d1、d8,静滴,顺铂25 mg/m2,d1-3,静滴;21天为1周期,治疗2周期以上评定疗效。结果GP组有效率37.9%,NP组有效率28.6%,两组有效率差异无统计学意义（P=0.576）。不良反应主要为骨髓抑制,GP组血小板减少高于NP组,NP组白细胞下降高于GP组。结论GP方案和NP方案治疗晚期NSCLC均有较好的疗效且疗效相当,不良反应均可耐受。     

NP方案治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌近期疗效观察

目的 评价长春瑞滨加顺铂联合化疗方案对晚期非小细胞肺癌近期疗效。方法 对64例晚期非小细胞肺癌患应用NP方案化疗，观察近期疗效及毒副反应。结果 CR3例，PR32例，总有效率54．7％。结论 NP方案治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌近期疗效较好，毒副反应小，为可逆性，值得临床推广。     

长春瑞滨联合化疗治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌的临床观察

目的观察国产长春瑞滨(盖诺) 顺铂联合化疗治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌的疗效及毒性反应。方法长春瑞滨25mg/m2静脉点滴,第1,8天,顺铂20mg/m2静脉点滴,第1~5天给药。结果42例患者中,CR 3例,PR 17例,SD 15例,PD 7例,总有效率(CR PR)为47%。结论长春瑞滨联合顺铂治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌有效率高,毒副反应可耐受。     

Schwannomas of Head and Neck and Review of Literature

Benign nerve cell tumours have been given various names like schwannoma, neurilemmoma, neurinoma, neurofibroma, spindle cell tumours etc. Extra cranial head and neck schwannomas usually present as solitary and well-demarcated lesions. The lesion can cause secondary symptoms, such as nasal obstruction, dysphasia, and hoarseness, depending upon the location of the lesion. Fine needle aspiration cytology, CT scans, and MRI may be of limited help in the diagnosis of schwannomas. The treatment is complete surgical excision of the benign tumour and postoperative histopathological examination establishes the final diagnosis.     

A comparative study of knowledge and awareness of colorectal and breast cancerA comparative study of knowledge and awareness of colorectal and breast cancer

Aims: To assess and compare knowledge and awareness of colorectal cancer and breast cancer in a sample of the general population. Methods: Eleven hundred visitors to six different outpatient clinics, in a University Hospital, were given a study-specific questionnaire, based on educational material from the British Association of Cancer United Patients (CancerBACUP). The questionnaire consisted of 12 statements on the incidence, presentation, detection, treatment and prognosis of colorectal and breast cancer. Results: One thousand and sixty-eight individuals returned the questionnaire. One thousand and four completed questionnaires were analysed. The mean age (SD) of respondents was 50.1 (17.2) years, and the male to female ratio was 2:3. Respondents had read more about breast than about colorectal cancer (60.3%vs 32.4%,P <0.0001, McNemar's test). The proportion of correct answers for each statement on breast cancer was higher than for answers to corresponding items on colorectal cancer. Mean overall scores (95% CI) for breast and colorectal cancer were 88.1 (86.9, 89.2) and 64.4 (62.5, 66.3) respectively, the mean difference (95% CI) being 23.7 (22.0, 25.5). Scores were higher for breast cancer irrespective of age or gender. Conclusion: There is a low level of understanding of colorectal cancer in the general population when compared to breast cancer. This highlights the importance of public education in this common cancer.     

Quality of life and care in leukemia,myeloma and non-malignant disease. Opinions of patients and relatives,and effects of geography and time

In a questionnaire study 140 subjects answered 4200 questions in 1980 and 1986. They consisted of patients with myeloma, acute leukemia, lung carcinoma, and non-malignant disease and their relatives. In 22 additional cases the questionnaire was not answered. The results show that myeloma patients are less content with the general care than leukemia patients (P < 0.05). Similarly, relatives of deceased myeloma patients are less satisfied with the information given to them than relatives of deceased leukemia patients (P < 0.001). The information has improved with time, however, since the patients were more satisfied in 1986 than in 1980 (P < 0.001) and relatives of myeloma patients still alive were more satisfied than relatives of patients who had died earlier (P < 0.001).     

miRNA与肿瘤侵袭转移

目前,microRNA (miRNA)已成为肿瘤研究中最基本的参与者,主要通过与靶标基因3 'UTR(非翻译区)的完全或不完全配对,降解靶标基因mRNA或抑制其翻译,从而参与调控个体发育、细胞凋亡、增殖及分化等生命活动.miRNA作为调控基因表达的重要分子在肿瘤侵袭转移中的作用越来越受到重视,表明miRNA在肿瘤侵袭和转移中的作用机制具有重要的理论意义,同时也可为肿瘤的诊断和治疗提供新方法.本文就miRNA通过调控上皮间质转化及肿瘤干细胞导致肿瘤侵袭转移的最新研究进展作一综述.     

芦荟大黄素及芦荟提取物的诱变性和抗诱变性

目的:用L5178Y小鼠淋巴瘤细胞体外微核试验评价芦荟大黄素和芦荟提取物的诱变和抗诱变作用,为其安全性评价提供依据。方法:设溶剂对照、阳性对照和抗诱变对照,芦荟大黄素和芦荟提取物诱变和抗诱变试验各设4个剂量组,处理L5178Y细胞12 h后按常规方法进行体外微核试验分析。结果:较高浓度(6.67μg/ml)的芦荟大黄素可致微核细胞率增加,与对照组比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);而芦荟提取物未见此效应。在一定剂量范围内,芦荟大黄素(0.22～6μg/ml)和芦荟提取物(20～180μg/ml)对甲磺酸甲酯(MMS)所致微核细胞率均有一定程度的拮抗作用,与对照组比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.01)。结论:芦荟大黄素具有一定的诱变作用,而在本实验剂量范围内的芦荟提取物未见遗传毒性。两种受试物在一定范围内均能较好地拮抗MMS所致的染色体损伤。     

甲状腺手术的技巧及副损伤的预防和处置

鉴于甲状腺手术是普外科的常见手术，为求其日渐完美，以有益于病人，现根据作者的体会，并结合阅读相关文献，就其手术操作、喉返神经处理、甲状旁腺处理进行扼要阐述。     

Erythrocyte levels of cadmium and lead and risk of B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma and multiple myeloma

Cadmium and lead are persistent environmental toxins that are known or probable carcinogens, based on evidence for causality for nonhematologic cancers. Associations of these metals with risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) and multiple myeloma (MM) are unknown but biologically plausible. To examine the associations of circulating levels of lead and cadmium exposure with risk of B-cell NHL (B-NHL) and multiple myeloma, we conducted a nested case-control study among 299 incident B-cell NHLs and 76 MM cases within the Cancer Prevention Study-II Nutrition Cohort (CPS-II NC). Each case was incidence-density matched to two eligible controls on age, race, sex and blood draw date. Conditional logistic regression was used to estimate relative risks (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for lymphoid malignancies overall and stratified by subtype. We observed a significant positive association between high erythrocyte lead concentration and risk of lymphoid malignancies overall (RR = 1.16, 95% CI: 1.02-1.33 per 17.6 μg/L (1 standard deviation [SD])) and follicular lymphoma in particular (RR = 1.80, 95% CI: 1.15-2.80 per SD). In contrast, there was no association between erythrocyte cadmium and risk of B-NHL (RR = 0.89, 95% CI: 0.75-1.06 per 0.37 μg/L [1 SD]), or any B-NHL subtypes; but a strong inverse association with MM risk (RR = 0.59, 95% CI: 0.38-0.89, per SD). Results from our study suggest a positive association between erythrocyte lead level and risk of lymphoid malignancies and a possible inverse association between cadmium and myeloma. Additional research is needed to confirm and further explore these findings.     

甲胎蛋白与自噬在肝癌发生发展中的作用及其相互关系

甲胎蛋白（AFP）作为临床诊断肝癌最常用的肿瘤标志物,有抑制免疫、促进细胞生长、抑制癌细胞凋亡的作用。自噬是一种维持细胞生存的重要途径之一,其与肝癌的发生发展及治疗有着密切联系,对肝癌既有抑制又有促进作用。PI3K/AKT作为两者共有的信号通路,它们是否有着相互关系来促进肝癌的发展尚需进一步研究。     

Comparison of the Efficacy and Safety of Ceftibuten and Cefaclor in the Treatment of Pneumonia and Bronchiectasis

Summary

In a multicentre, international study of 187 adult patients with bacterial pneumonia or bronchiectasis, the safety and efficacy of a regimen of 200 mg ceftibuten administered twice-daily was compared with cefaclor given in a dosage of 500 mg three times a day. Of the 94 evaluable patients, 66 received ceftibuten and 28 received cefaclor. The overall bacteriological response was similar in the two treatment groups with elimination of the original pathogen in 91% and 89% of the patients receiving ceftibuten and cefaclor, respectively. The overall clinical response mirrored the bacteriological results with a successful clinical outcome in 92% of ceftibuten-treated patients compared with 93% in patients receiving cefaclor. Adverse experiences were, in general, few and mild, being reported in 8% and 17% of patients receiving ceftibuten and cefaclor, respectively.