孟鲁司特钠治疗呼吸道合胞病毒毛细支气管炎的临床观察

目的 观察孟鲁司特钠对呼吸道合胞病毒毛细支气管炎患儿临床症状及预后的影响.方法 选择年龄6～12个月的毛细支气管炎患儿,均为首次发病,采用鼻咽分泌物定性检测呼吸道合胞病毒(RSV)抗原,阳性者作为研究对象,共80例,随机分为观察组和对照组各40例.两组患儿均采用相同的综合治疗,观察组加用孟鲁司特钠4 mg每晚1次口服.观察各组患儿临床症状恢复情况及住院天数;检测两组患儿入院第2天、第6天晨尿中的白三烯E4的含量;对所有病例随访3个月(观察组孟鲁司特钠持续应用3个月),观察各组患儿在此期间再次出现喘息的情况.结果 观察组达到喘息缓解所需时间及住院天数与对照组相比差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);两组患儿入院第2天、第6天晨尿中的白三烯E4的含量比较,治疗组在治疗前后及与对照组比较差异无统计学意义;随访3个月后,治疗组有3例出现再次喘息,而对照组有11例出现再次喘息.结论 呼吸道合胞病毒毛细支气管炎加用孟鲁司特钠可有效改善临床症状并缩短住院时间,降低病毒感染后喘息的复发率;两组尿白三烯含量差异无统计学意义,提示并非所有RSV感染的毛细支气管炎患儿喘息均与白三烯有关.     

孟鲁司特钠对呼吸道合胞病毒毛细支气管炎的治疗作用

病毒是导致婴幼儿呼吸道感染最主要的病原体,其中呼吸道合胞病毒(RSV)占50%.RSV感染后呼吸道内半胱氨酰白三烯(CysLTs)除在急性期明显增高外,在急性期1个月内仍可维持在较高水平.呼吸道内CysLTs的持续高水平与患儿反复咳嗽、喘息,持续肺功能异常及哮喘发病率的增高密切相关.孟鲁司特钠为CysLTs特异性受体阻滞剂,可通过阻断CysLTs与其1型受体结合而发挥特异性抗炎作用.对于首次感染RSV的重症毛细支气管炎患儿,在急性期及4周内,每晚口服孟鲁司特钠4 mg,可有效改善急性期临床症状,防止肺功能下降,减轻持续性呼吸道高反应性,降低再次呼吸道RSV感染及反复咳嗽、喘息的发生率.     

A亚型呼吸道合胞病毒毛细支气管炎的临床研究

目的 了解呼吸道合胞病毒（ＲＳＶ）的亚型感染情况及其所致毛细支气管炎的临床特征。方法 （１）对１９９５年冬￣１９９７年春住院的８５例临床拟诊为毛细支气管炎的患儿进行鼻咽分泌物病毒培养、抗原检测及ＲＳＶ阳性分离株的单克隆抗体间接免疫荧光法亚型鉴定;（２）分析亚型感染病例的临床资料。结果 （１）共培养出ＲＳＶ２２株,阳性率为２６％,经鉴定全部为Ａ亚型株;（２）２２例Ａ亚型ＲＳＶ毛细支气管炎中幼婴（１￣     

呼吸道合胞病毒毛细支气管炎的并发症及危险因素

目的 研究呼吸道合胞病毒(RSV)毛细支气管炎(毛支)的并发症及危险因素。方法收集并分析我院5d～28个月RSV毛支213例患儿临床资料。结果 5d～6个月患儿并发症的发生率(65．45％)最高，而6个月～l岁并发症发生率明显高于1岁以上儿童；并中重度贫血的RSV毛支患儿易发生心力衰竭(65％)；早产儿RSV毛支患儿易并心力衰竭(57．89％)和呼吸衰竭(26．32％)。结论 RSV毛支易并心、脑、胃肠道损伤，贫血、早产、低龄等是并各器官损伤的危险因素。     

T抑制细胞与婴幼儿呼吸道合胞病毒毛细支气管炎的关系探讨

本文应用免疫荧光法、以T细胞亚群单克隆抗体，研究婴幼儿呼吸道合胞病毒（RSV）毛细支气管炎急性期及感染后反覆喘鸣儿的T抑制细胞的变化。急性期CD3、CD4、CD5细胞均明显减少，出院时CD3细胞明显增多，CD4细胞呈升高趋势，CD3细胞变化极少。感染后反覆喘鸣儿CD8细胞亦呈低水平状态，与正常儿比较，均呈显著性差异（P＜0．01）。急性期RSV毛细支气管炎患儿与不伴喘鸣的RSV阴性患儿相比前者CD3、CD8量少，但不呈统计学差异（p>0.05)。实验提示T细胞免疫反应尤其是CD8细胞参与了RSV毛细支气管炎喘鸣的发病与转归。     

呼吸道合胞病毒毛细支气管炎患儿尿白三烯测定及临床意义

目的 探讨呼吸道合胞病毒(RSV)毛细支气管炎(毛支)患儿尿白三烯E4(LTE4)的临床意义.方法 采用竞争性酶联免疫吸附试验技术检测20例健康婴儿和30例RSV毛支患儿急性期和恢复期的尿LTE4水平;采用潮气分析测定急性期患儿呼吸频率(RR)、达峰时间比(tPTEF/tE)及达峰容积比(vPTEF/vE),分析其与尿LTE4水平的相关性.结果 RSV毛支患儿急性期的尿LTE4比恢复期、正常健康组明显增高(P＜0.01),恢复期与正常健康组相比差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);急性期毛支患儿潮气肺功能中RR增快、tPTEF/tE和vPTEF/vE下降,与正常健康组比较,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.0001);急性期尿LTE4浓度与RR呈正相关(r=0.4376,P=0.0126),与tPTEF/tE和vPTEF/vE呈负相关(r=-0.6895,-0.6636,P均＜0.001).结论 RSV毛支患儿尿LTE4增高,与肺功能指标呈负相关;尿LTE4浓度可作为RSV毛支临床诊治的非创伤性炎性指标.     

呼吸道合胞病毒毛细支气管炎42例白三烯致病作用研究

目的研究呼吸道合胞病毒(RSV)毛细支气管炎患儿在急性期和恢复期鼻咽分泌物中白三烯的水平,探讨白三烯在RSV毛细支气管炎发病中的作用。方法选取2003年11月至2004年3月在北京儿童医院呼吸病房住院的42例RSV毛细支气管炎患儿作为RSV毛细支气管炎组;选取同期不伴喘息的呼吸道感染患儿21例作为对照组,对照组患儿RSV抗原检测均为阴性。收集患儿的临床资料并进行临床评分,于入院第1～7天取患儿的鼻咽分泌物(nasopharyngeal secretion,NPS),用ELISA方法做白三烯C4(leukotriene C4,LTC4)的检测,同时测定NPS的蛋白质含量,用LTC4与蛋白的比值进行校正。应用SPSS11.5统计软件对数据进行统计分析。结果RSV毛细支气管炎组NPS中LTC4的质量质量浓度为14.89pg/μg,蛋白(0.21～149.18),而同期对照组为2.10pg/μg,蛋白(0.33～13.06),RSV毛细支气管炎组明显高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P=0.006);对毛细支气管炎组患儿入院第1天和第7天的白三烯质量浓度进行比较,NPS中的LTC4(P=0.561)稍有下降,但差异无统计学意义。根据临床评分,轻度组和中度组白三烯的质量浓度差异无统计学意义。结论RSV感染毛细支气管炎患儿NPS中LTC4的质量浓度明显高于对照组。入院第7天于临床症状明显好转时再次检测LTC4的质量浓度,无显著性改变,仍是增高的。根据临床评分轻度组和中度组白三烯的质量浓度差异无统计学意义。     

呼吸道合胞病毒毛细支气管炎血清几种细胞因子水平变化及其意义

呼吸道合胞病毒毛细支气管炎血清几种细胞因子水平变化及其意义董琳黄达枢陈小芳方水富吴兴利呼吸道合胞病毒（ＲＳＶ）毛细支气管炎是婴幼儿时期最常见的疾病，其发病机理尚未完全明确。为探讨细胞因子在其中的作用及其意义，我们对ＲＳＶ毛细支气管炎患儿血清白细胞介素...     

呼吸道合胞病毒毛细支气管炎与支气管哮喘的相关性研究

目的探讨呼吸道合胞病毒(RSV)毛细支气管炎(毛支)与支气管哮喘两者发病机制的相关性。方法采用ELISA法检测31例RSV毛支患儿、25例支气管哮喘患儿、27例非RSV肺炎患儿和24例健康儿童外周血IFN-γ、IL-4、IL-10、TGF-β、IL-17水平,并进行比较分析。结果 RSV毛支患儿和哮喘患儿的IL-10、TGF-β水平显著低于非RSV肺炎患儿和健康对照儿童,而IL-4、IL-17水平则显著高于非RSV肺炎患儿和健康对照儿童(P均<0.05)。RSV毛支患儿和哮喘患儿的IFN-γ/IL-4、IL-10/IL-17比例显著低于非RSV肺炎患儿和健康对照儿童(P均<0.05),哮喘患儿的TGF-β/IL-17显著低于非RSV肺炎患儿与健康对照儿童(P均<0.05)。RSV毛支患儿与哮喘患儿之间、非RSV肺炎患儿与健康对照儿童之间IFN-γ、IL-4、IL-10、TGF-β、IL-17水平及其比值IFN-γ/IL-4、IL-10/IL-17、TGF-β/IL-17的差异均无统计学意义(P均>0.05)。结论 RSV毛支患儿与哮喘患儿存在相同的外周血细胞因子IFN-γ、IL-4、IL-10、TGF-β、IL-17水平的改变,这可能是其共同的发病机制之一。     

呼吸道合胞病毒毛细支气管炎患儿血和痰中白三烯测定及临床意义

目的 探讨呼吸道合胞病毒(respiratory syncytial virus,RSV)毛细支气管炎(毛支炎)患儿血、痰中白三烯C4(leukotriene C4,LTC4)水平的变化及临床意义.方法轻-中度毛支炎组22例,重度毛支炎组11例,另选择无喘息非RSV感染性肺炎患儿12例作为对照(肺炎组).采用双抗体夹心酶联免疫吸附试验测定血清和痰中LTC4水平,并进行对比分析.结果急性期轻-中度毛支炎组、重度毛支炎组、肺炎组血清LTC4水平分别为(76.96±28.19)pg/ml、(103.53±16.85)pg/ml、(18.14±7.49)pg/ml;痰中LTC4水平分别为(31.83±19.14)pg/ml、(67.11±15.11)pg/ml、(6.81±2.90)pg/ml;恢复期血清LTC4水平分别为(36.04±16.38)pg/ml、(52.27±17.03)pg/ml、(18.14±7.49)pg/ml,3组间差异有统计学意义(F=48.09,P＜0.001;F=15.50,P＜0.001;F=44.43,P＜0.001).治疗后轻-中度和重度毛支炎组血清LTC4水平明显降低,但仍高于肺炎组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论RSV毛支炎患儿血和痰中LTC4水平明显增高,并与病情的轻重相关.     

Eosinophil cationic protein in nasal secretion and in serum and myeloperoxidase in serum in respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis: relation to asthma and atopy

Eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) in nasal secretions was determined in 34 infants with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) bronchiolitis during the acute infection stage and one and six months later. ECP in serum was determined in 19 of these children at the same time. Myeloperoxidase (MPO) was determined in the same 19 children at the acute infection stage and after one month. All children were followed prospectively for two years after the infection with regard to the development of bronchial obstructive symptoms. Asthma, defined as three or more episodes of bronchial obstruction verified by a physician, developed in 18% of children and less severe obstructive symptoms in 29%. A screening test for food IgE antibodies in serum was performed six months and a skin prick test two years after the acute infection. Nasal ECP/albumin ratios after six months were significantly higher than during the acute RSV infection. MPO, but not ECP, levels in serum were significantly elevated at the time of acute infection compared with levels after one month. Nasal ECP/albumin ratios at the acute infection were compared to a control group of 27 infants with non-RSV upper respiratory tract infections and did not differ. It was not possible to predict, either from ECP/albumin ratios in nasal secretion or from ECP and MPO in serum, which children would develop asthma, other bronchial obstructive symptoms or positive IgE tests.     

嗜酸性粒细胞趋化因子在呼吸道合胞病毒性毛细支气管炎中的作用和意义

目的探讨呼吸道合胞病毒(RSV)毛细支气管炎(毛支)患儿血、痰中嗜酸性粒细胞趋化因子(Eotaxin)的临床意义。方法对象为轻、中度毛支患儿22例和重度毛支患儿11例,选择无喘息病毒性肺炎12例作为对照组。采用双抗体夹心酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)测定各组患儿血清和痰中Eotaxin水平,并进行比较。结果急性期轻、中度毛支组和重度毛支组血清、痰Eotaxin水平高于对照组(P<0.01)。恢复期轻、中度毛支组和重度毛支组血清Eotaxin水平高于对照组。轻、中度毛支组和重度毛支组比较差异无统计学意义。结论 RSV毛支患儿血和痰液中Eotaxin增高,Eotaxin在毛支的发病机制中起重要作用。     

白介素-4基因C-33T多态性与呼吸道合胞病毒毛细支气管炎的相关性

目的 研究白介素-4(IL-4)基因C-33T与呼吸道合胞病毒(RSV)毛细支气管炎的易感性、病情严重程度的关系及对血清总IgE和鼻咽分泌物(NPS)IL-4水平的影响.方法 采用聚合酶链-限制性片段长度多态法(PCR-RFLP)检测130例RSV毛细支气管炎患儿和108例对照组儿童IL-4/C-33T位点多态性,分别用化学发光法和酶联免疫分析法,检测RSV毛细支气管炎患儿血清总IgE和NPs中IL-4水平.结果 两组IL-4启动子区C-33T位点均可见TT、CT和CC 3种基因型,其中病例组,TT、CT和CC基因型频率分别为66.9%、26.9%和6.2%,对照组分别为69.4%、26.9%和3.7%,两组差异无统计学意义(X2=0.758,P>0.05);病例组T、C等位基因频率分别为80.3%、19.7%,对照组分别为82.9%、17.1%,两组差异亦无统计学意义(X2=0.073,P>0.05;OR=0.847,P>0.05).病例组三种基因型间NPS中IL-4及血清总IgE水平差异均无统计学意义(H=0.103,F=0.529,P均>0.05);三种基因型频率在轻度组和中重度组间的差异亦无统计学意义(X2=0.825,P>0.05).结论 温州地区儿童存在IL-4/C-33T位点的多态性,但未发现其与RSV毛细支气管炎存在关联.     

Gender analysis in acute bronchiolitis due to respiratory syncytial virus

It is reasonable to compare immune reactions between boys and girls because many infections in the early stages are predominant in males. A relationship between immunomodulatory effects of sex hormone surge in boys at early months and infectious diseases is still unclear. We compared clinical features between boys and girls who suffered from wheezing that was initially triggered by acute respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) bronchiolitis. For systemic immune response evaluation, white blood cell (WBC) count, blood eosinophil count, and serum C-reactive protein (CRP) were measured. For local inflammation evaluation, scores for eosinophils and neutrophils in sputum were evaluated microscopically. Patients consisted of 90 boys and 51 girls. Most children were under 6 months of age. WBC counts and serum CRP levels were significantly increased in girls compared with boys. Blood eosinophilia at the acute stage was rarely observed in children after 6 months of age. For local response evaluation, sputum specimens obtained from 42 boys and 29 girls were microscopically examined. Sputum eosinophil score of 2+ and more was observed in boys (6/42) exclusively. In contrast, sputum neutrophilia was commonly observed in boys and girls. From a follow-up study, we confirmed that 28 children with RSV bronchiolitis showed wheezing episodes afterwards. However, their blood and sputum eosinophilia during RSV bronchiolitis did not reflect their subsequent wheezing. We speculated that gender-specific responses to RSV infection might account for male susceptibility. Differences in RSV pathogenicity between boys and girls should be further investigated in terms of asthma progression.     

Eosinophil cationic protein in nasopharyngeal secretions and serum of infants infected with respiratory syncytial virus

Eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) was assayed in nasopharyngeal secretion (NPS) and serum from 42 infants, hospitalized with acute lower respiratory infection, in El Salvador and the results analyzed in relation to etiology of the infection. ECP concentrations were high in NPS, at an average 50 times higher than those found in serum. Exceedingly high levels of ECP (> 1000 μg/L) were found more frequently in wheezing than in non-wheezing children (30% vs 7%) and, accordingly, were more commonly found in children hospitalized with bronchiolitis than in those with pneumonia. Excessive levels were significantly more common in girls than in boys. Of the 42 cases, 28 were found to be caused by respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) subgroup A, and 3 by RSV-B, by means of detection of RSV antigen in nasopharyngeal cells. ECP serum levels were moderately elevated during the acute phase of the respiratory infection and increased slightly but significantly, in cases with RSV antigen-positive bronchiolitis, but not in those with pneumonia. The ECP levels in NPS from patients in Sweden who, by antigen detection in NPS cells, were diagnosed as either RSV or para-influenza 3 infection or none of these, were similar. These results indicate that elevation of ECP in NPS is associated with acute lower respiratory infection in general, but particularly pronounced in cases of bronchiolitis. Elevation of ECP is not an exclusive consequence of RSV infection, but may occur to an equal extent in infections caused by other agents. Girls generally seem to be less prone than boys to developing airway obstruction and may, therefore, acquire severe bronchiolitis only when large amounts of inflammatory mediators, such as ECP, accumulate in the airways.     

Respiratory syncytial virus immunoprophylaxis in high-risk infants with heart disease

Aim: Passive immunisation with palivizumab is recommended in many countries for children with haemodynamically significant cardiac disease. We trialled respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) immunoprophylaxis in such infants during 2008–2009. Methods: We identified all RSV admissions between 2005–2009 and examined all patients with significant cardiac disease who received palivizumab in 2008–2009. Results: Infants with symptomatic cardiac disease had a more complicated course of RSV bronchiolitis with longer hospital stay, more frequent intensive care admission, longer intensive care stay and were more likely to receive respiratory support (all P < 0.05). One hundred seventeen infants with symptomatic cardiac disease received palivizumab. Of these, two (1.7%) required admission for RSV bronchiolitis. Overall, there was a reduction in admission of infants with symptomatic cardiac disease with RSV bronchiolitis in 2008–2009 (2% per year) compared with 2005–2007 (5–9% per year; P < 0.03). The number of patients with symptomatic cardiac disease who required intensive care for RSV bronchiolitis in the same period was unchanged, as a number presented to our service with RSV infection prior to commencing immunoprophylaxis or having had their cardiac diagnosis made in other centres. Conclusions: Compared with other infants, those with haemodynamically significant cardiac disease have a more complicated course of illness with RSV bronchiolitis. In these infants, palivizumab reduced the number of hospitalisations because of RSV. Cohorting patients for maximal palivizumab use reduced overall cost. To significantly impact on intensive care admissions overall, immunoprophylaxis should be considered at a regional level.     

呼吸道合胞病毒毛细支气管炎与白细胞介素-10-592A/C基因多态性的相关性研究

目的 探讨白细胞介素-10-592A/C基因多态性与呼吸道合胞病毒(RSV)毛细支气管炎易感性、病情的关联和对血清白细胞介素(IL)-10的影响.方法 采用聚合酶链反应-限制性片段长度多态性检测100例汉族RSV毛细支气管炎患儿(病例组)和100例健康儿童(对照组)IL-10-592A/C位点单核苷酸多态性;应用ELISA法检测病例组血清IL-10水平.结果 病例组IL-10-592A/C位点基因型频率分别为AA 44%、AC 38%、CC 18%,等位基因频率分别为A 63%、C 37%;对照组基因型频率分别为AA 41%、AC 42%、CC 17%,等位基因频率分别为A 64%、C 36%;两组基因型及等位基因频率比较差异均无显著性(χ2=0.33,P>0.05;χ2=0.43,P>0.05).病例组IL-10-592A/C位点不同基因型患儿血清IL-10水平比较差异无显著性(F=0.87,P>0.05).IL-10-592A/C位点基因型频率在轻度和中重度患儿之间的差异无显著性(χ2=2.67,P>0.05).结论 IL-10-592A/C位点基因多态性与RSV毛细支气管炎不存在关联.