留置尿管患者间断膀胱冲洗与非冲洗尿路感染发生率研究

目的:探讨间断膀胱冲洗与非膀胱冲洗相关尿路感染率变化。落实组合干预措施,降低导尿管相关尿路感染率。方法:收集颅脑损伤与脑出血患者需留置尿管者,分一阶段A组70例每周2~3次膀胱冲洗,主动监测有关指标,无干预行动。二阶段B组108例每周1次行膀胱冲洗,C组116例不行膀胱冲洗处理。冲洗液选择生理盐水500 ml加庆大霉素16万。B组、C组均采取综合干预措施。结果:A组与B组、C组尿路感染率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),B组与C组感染率之间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);B组、C组住院总事件及尿管留置总时间均较A组显著缩短(P<0.001)。结论:间断膀胱冲洗不能降低留置尿管尿路感染率。     

膀胱冲洗对保留导尿尿路感染的影响

目的:探析膀胱冲洗对留置导尿管患者发生尿路感染的相关影响。方法:选取2008年4月-2013年3月收治的需长期留置导尿管的患者150例,分为3组。A组于留置导尿管次日起即行膀胱冲洗,1次/d;B组于留置导尿管后的第4d开始进行膀胱冲洗,每间隔3d冲洗1次;C组不行膀胱冲洗,对比三组留置尿管第4d、8d、12d、16d的细菌阳性率,以及留置尿管第16d的致病菌类构成比情况。结果:留置导尿管第4d,三组尿路发生感染的比率无明显差异性;第8d、12d、16d,A组发生尿路感染的比率均更高(P0.05);第8d、12dB组与C组发生尿路感染的比率无明显差异性(P0.05);第16dB组发生尿路感染率明显更高(P0.05)。致病菌构成比上,A组与B组出现金黄葡萄球菌和表皮葡萄球菌的比率明显更高(P0.05)。结论:对短期性留置导尿管的患者,可行膀胱冲洗以预防尿路感染,但应合理选择膀胱冲洗频率,并严格无菌操作;对需长期留置导尿管的患者,可不予或减少膀胱冲洗,并尽量鼓励患者多饮水,以减少发生尿路感染的几率。     

导尿管相关尿路感染的易发因素及预防的研究

目的:研究导尿管相关的尿路感染的易发因素,提出预防措施。方法:对108例患者在导尿前均行尿培养证实无尿路感染。108例随机分为A和B两组。A组包括A1组和A2组,A1组(24例)更换引流袋1次/d,A2组(30例)更换引流袋1次/3d。B组包括B1组和B2组。B1组(23例)接受膀胱冲洗2次/d。B2组(31例)不行膀胱冲洗。全部病例均于导尿后第4天和第7天进行尿液细菌培养。结果:更换引流袋的时间和患者的菌尿明显相关,每3d更换引流袋的菌尿发生率低于每天更换者(χ2=6.89,P<0.01);膀胱冲洗组菌尿的发生率高于不冲洗组,差异有显著性(χ2=4.58,P<0.05);留置尿管的时间越久,菌尿的发生率越高(χ2=7.99,P<0.01)。结论:导尿后不膀胱冲洗,引流袋更换2次/周,缩短尿管留置时间等能降低尿路感染率。     

膀胱容量测定仪结合膀胱扫描仪在脊髓损伤神经源性膀胱患者康复中的应用

目的 探讨膀胱容量测定仪结合膀胱扫描仪在脊髓损伤神经源性膀胱患者康复中的应用效果。方法 采用回顾性分析方法，选择2019年2月至2021年2月本院收治的102例脊髓损伤神经源性膀胱患者为研究对象，以随机数字表法分为对照组（n=46）和研究组（n=56）,对照组采用间歇导尿、饮水管理以及膀胱功能训练，研究组在对照组的基础上采用膀胱容量测定仪结合膀胱扫描仪进行导尿，观察2组治疗前后尿白细胞计数、导尿次数以及尿失禁问卷简表（ICI-Q-SF）评分，记录2组并发症发生情况。结果 治疗前1d, 2组尿白细胞计数、导尿次数以及ICI-Q-SF评分相比，差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）;治疗1个月后，2组尿白细胞计数、导尿次数以及ICI-Q-SF评分均降低（P<0.05）,且研究组低于对照组（P<0.05）;研究组并发症发生率比对照组低（P<0.05）。结论 采用膀胱扫描仪结合膀胱容量测定仪进行导尿能够减少脊髓损伤神经源性膀胱患者尿白细胞^[T1]计数及导尿次数，可提高患者的生活质量，并且能够减少尿路感染发生率。     

不同引流方法的尿液检查分析

目的　探讨不同尿液引流方法引起菌尿症的机率。方法　通过对留置尿管持续引流 (A)组、留置尿管后膀胱冲洗 (B)组、膀胱造瘘持续引流 (C)组和膀胱造瘘后膀胱冲洗 (D)组患者尿液在即刻、第 3、7、1 0、1 4天分别取样行细菌培养。结果　A、B、C、D组置管后 7天菌尿发生率分别为 35 %、45 %、1 0 %和 1 5 %。A组与B组 ,C组与D组相比较 ,均无显著性差异 ,(A +B)组和 (C +D)组比较 ,(C +D)组菌尿发生率明显低于 (A +B)组 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论　留置引流管期间膀胱冲洗并不能降低菌尿的发生率 ,膀胱造瘘较留置尿管引流尿液菌尿发生率低。     

腹腔镜与开放手术行根治性膀胱切除回肠膀胱术的比较研究

目的 通过与传统开放根治性膀胱切除回肠膀胱术比较,评价腹腔镜根治性膀胱切除回肠膀胱术治疗膀胱癌的临床价值.方法 回顾分析腹腔镜根治性膀胱切除回肠膀胱术32例(A组)及开放性根治性膀胱切除回肠膀胱术35例(B组)的临床资料,比较两种术式的围术期情况、术后并发症、新膀胱功能、肿瘤治疗效果.结果 A组平均术中出血量、术后肠功能恢复时间、术后下床活动时间、术后住院时间均少于 B组(P＜0.05 或0.01),术后并发症发生率低于B组(P＜0.05 );而两组的手术时间、新膀胱容量、膀胱内压的差异均无统计学意义(均P ＞0.05).结论 腹腔镜下根治性膀胱切除回肠膀胱术治疗膀胱癌是一种安全有效的膀胱全切除尿流改道术式.     

拔尿管前膀胱冲洗预防尿潴留

目的 :探讨留置尿管病人拔管后预防尿潴留。方法 :15 0例术后留置尿管病人随机分为A、B、、C组。A组 5 0例拔管前行膀胱冲洗 ,B组 5 0例随机 (无论膀胱是否充盈 )拔除尿管 ,C组 5 0例放完尿液拔除尿管。结果 :A组拔除尿管后自动排尿率为 98% (49/ 5 0 ) ,B组为 84 % (42 / 5 0 ) ,C组为 80 % (40 / 5 0 )。B、C两组自动排尿成功率明显低于A组 (P <0 0 5 ,P <0 0 1)。B、C两组自动排尿成功率无明显差异 (P >0 0 5 )。结论 :术后留置尿管病人拔尿管前膀胱冲洗可预防尿潴留。     

依据膀胱安全容量的排尿指导预防原位回肠膀胱术后患者上尿路损害

目的探讨依据膀胱安全容量指导患者排尿在原位回肠膀胱术后上尿路损害预防中的作用。方法选取62例规律行尿动力学检查并接受排尿指导(A组)和29例缺乏规律尿动力学检查未接受排尿指导(B组)的原位回肠膀胱术后患者,对比分析2组患者的尿动力学检查、泌尿系彩超、排泄性尿路造影和肾功检查结果。结果术后1年,A组患者膀胱安全容量、最大膀胱容量与B组无显著差别(P>0.05),但A组残余尿量显著低于B组[(150.5±88.7)vs(220.3±102.5)ml,P<0.05],A组上尿路损害的发生率显著低于B组(P<0.05)。结论依据膀胱安全容量和残余尿量指导患者科学排尿,有利于预防原位回肠膀胱术后患者上尿路损害的发生。     

开放性与腹腔镜下原位回肠新膀胱术对膀胱癌患者尿动力学及膀胱功能的影响

目的对比开放性与腹腔镜下原位回肠新膀胱术治疗膀胱癌的临床价值。方法选取2015年5月—2017年7月收治的膀胱癌患者82例为研究对象,实施原位回肠新膀胱术,以随机数字表法将所有患者分为A组和B组。A组41例,行腹腔镜下手术;B组41例,行开放性手术。观察两组手术及术后恢复情况、尿动力学及膀胱功能变化、术后并发症发生情况。结果术中出血量A组明显少于B组(P<0.05),术后住院时间A组明显短于B组(P<0.05);两组术后6个月尿动力学及膀胱功能相关指标与术前对比,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);A组术后并发症发生率明显低于B组(P<0.05)。结论采用腹腔镜下原位回肠新膀胱术治疗膀胱癌,效果确切,可明显改善患者尿动力学及膀胱功能,且创伤小,术后恢复快,安全性良好,临床应用价值高于开放性手术。     

回肠膀胱术与原位回肠新膀胱术的临床比较研究

 目的 探讨分析全膀胱切除术后2种尿流改道术式的临床效果及并发症。方法 回顾分析我科从2003年05月至2009年12月间126例膀胱癌全膀胱切除患者（其中行回肠膀胱术45 例,原位回肠新膀胱术81 例）的临床资料、手术近、远期并发症,并进行比较研究。结果 回肠膀胱术组的尿瘘、不全肠梗阻、手术时间、平均住院天数、对上尿路的损害及围手术期死亡率均明显低于原位回肠新膀胱术组,差异均具有统计学意义（P0.05）。结论 回肠膀胱术与原位回肠新膀胱术都是较好的膀胱全切术后尿流改道方式,但回肠膀胱术因操作相对简单、并发症少,应为高龄及合并基础疾病患者的优先选择。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.