立体定向放射治疗配合靶向药物索拉非尼治疗复发及转移性肾细胞癌的疗效分析

目的探讨γ-体部立体定向放射治疗（stereotactic body radiation therapy withγ-knife,γ-SBRT）配合靶向药物索拉非尼（sorafenib）治疗复发及转移性肾癌的效果。方法 2007-05至2009-05收治的肾癌术后复发及转移患者45例中,26例单纯行γ-SBRT,19例行γ-SBRT配合Sorafenib治疗,比较两组的有效率、局部控制率、生存率及生存质量改善情况。结果治疗后3个月总有效率为80.0%（36/45）。单纯γ-SBRT组的1年、2年局部控制率分别为42.3%（11/26）、19.2%（5/26）;中位生存12个月;1年、2年生存率分别为46.2%、19.2%。γ-SBRT＋Sorafenib组的1年、2年局部控制率分别为47.3%（18/19）、21.1%（4/19）,中位生存18个月;1年、2年生存率分别为57.9%、26.3%。结论采用γ-体部立体定向放疗结合靶向药物索拉非尼对复发及转移性肾癌进行治疗效果较好,不良反应轻微,多数患者能耐受治疗。     

γ-体部立体定向放疗配合热疗及替吉奥治疗局部晚期胰腺癌的疗效分析

目的探讨γ-体部立体定向放疗（stereotactic body radiation therapy with γ-knife,γ-SBRT)配合热疗及替吉奥治疗局部晚期胰腺癌疗效。方法2012年6月—2013年4月,收治54例胰腺癌患者,30例行γ-SBRT配合热疗,24例行γ-SBRT配合热疗及替吉奥治疗。结果治疗后3个月总的有效率为79.6%(43/54)。γ-SBRT配合热疗的1年生存率为30.0%、中位生存期为9.4个月,γ-SBRT配合热疗及替吉奥的1年生存率为41-7%、中位生存期为12.2个月,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论采用γ-SBRT配合热疗及替吉奥治疗局部中晚期胰腺癌是较有效的治疗方法。治疗过程安全,多数患者能耐受治疗。     

早期鼻咽癌放疗失败模式分析

目的 分析早期鼻咽癌患者放疗失败模式及其与临床因素的相关性,探讨提高早期鼻咽癌治疗效果的方法.方法 回顾性分析行单纯根治性放射治疗的早期(T1-2N0-1M0)鼻咽癌患者350例,计算其5年生存率、无局部区域复发生存率、无远处转移生存率、局部区域控制率及远处转移率;计算局部区域复发和转移的发生率,总结其放疗失败模式;分析与放疗失败相关的临床因素;将患者按T、N期分层,计算其5年无局部区域复发生存率及无远处转移生存率.结果 本组患者的5年总生存率、无局部区域复发生存率及无远处转移生存率分别为82.8%、89.1%、86.7%,5年局部区域控制率及远处转移率分别为82.6%、13.1%.T1N0、T2 N0、T1N1及T2N1期患者的5年生存率分别为95.3%、88.0%、81.3%及72.9%(P<0.05).所有患者中96例(27.4%)治疗失败:其中局部区域复发61例,远处转移46例,局部区域复发+远处转移11例.鼻腔受累、N分期及临床分期对局部区域复发率有显著影响(P<0.05),N分期和临床分期对远处转移率有显著影响(P<0.05).不同T、N分期患者的无局部区域复发生存率及无远处转移生存率具有显著性差异.结论 局部区域复发和远处转移是早期鼻咽癌治疗失败的主要模式;T1-2N1患者预后差,应采取综合治疗措施以提高疗效.     

三维适形放疗结合化疗治疗直肠癌术后复发的临床研究

目的探讨三维适形放射治疗结合化疗治疗直肠癌术后复发的疗效.方法回顾性分析61例直肠癌术后复发患者采取首先给予常规放射治疗44 Gy/22次,再给予三维适形放射治疗加量3 Gy/次,共5～7次,肿瘤总量（DT）59～65 Gy/27～29次结合化疗（5-氟尿嘧啶0.75 g/m^2 ＋CF200 mg,d1～5和d29～33;顺铂40 mg/m^2,d1～3和d29～31）的疗效,生存分析采用Kaplan-Meier法.结果患者1、2、3年肿瘤局部控制率分别为86.9%、67.2%、37.7%;1、2、3年生存率分别为80.3%、62.3%、39.2%,中位生存期24.6个月;1、2、3年无瘤生存率分别为79.7%,52.5%、31.1%.急性放射反应主要是急性放射性肠炎和放射性膀胱炎,多为1～2级.结论三维适形放射治疗结合化疗可提高术后局部复发或转移直肠癌的控制率和生存率,改善其生存质量.     

自体树突细胞联合细胞因子诱导的杀伤细胞治疗转移性肾癌的疗效分析及随访观察

目的 评价自体树突细胞(DC)联合细胞因子诱导的杀伤细胞(CIK)治疗转移性肾癌的临床疗效、免疫功能变化及随访结果.方法 采集27例转移性肾癌患者的外周血单个核细胞(PBMC),经实验室体外培养诱导产生DC和CIK细胞,经无菌检测、流式细胞术表型鉴定及细胞计数后回输给患者.于第7、9、11、13天皮下注射DC,第11、13天静脉回输CIK,每疗程间隔3个月,直至疾病进展,观察临床疗效及免疫功能的变化.结果 27例转移性肾癌患者经DC-CIK治疗后的客观反应率为37％,疾病控制率为85％,2年总生存率为81.5％.与治疗前比较,治疗后患者外周血CD3+CD4+CD8-、CD3+CD4-CD8+、CD3+CD19-、CD3-CD19+、CD3-CD16+CD56+、CD3+CD 16+CD56+、CD3+HLA-DR、CD3+HLA-DR+、CD3+CD28+CD8+细胞亚群及Th2细胞无显著变化(P＞0.05),Th1细胞有升高趋势(P＜0.05),多次治疗后CD3+CD4+CD25+T细胞(即调节性T细胞,Treg细胞)有降低的趋势(P＜0.05).治疗过程中27例患者均未出现明显不良反应.结论 DC-CIK细胞免疫治疗为转移性肾癌患者提供了一种新的安全有效的治疗方法,可改善转移性肾癌患者的免疫抑制状态,提高患者的抗肿瘤免疫反应,无明显不良反应.     

软腭癌的放射治疗

作者报道74例软腭和悬雍垂鳞癌,单纯根治性放疗者64例,合并计划性颈清扫术11例。近期局部控制率和复发病例外科挽救术后的最终局部控制率T_1为8/8(100%),T_2为14/19(74%)和16/19(84%)、T_3为5/11(45%)和5/11(45%)、T_4为1/4和1/4。在常规照射组的55例中,7例出现骨或软组织并发症,其中六例经保守治疗一年内愈合。5年净生存率为Ⅰ83%、Ⅱ78%、Ⅲ38%、     

159例颈及胸上段食管癌调强放疗长期疗效

目的 观察颈及胸上段食管癌患者调强放疗(IMRT)的长期疗效,并对其相关预后因素进行分析。方法 回顾性分析2006年1月-2012年8月收治的符合入组标准的159例接受IMRT的颈及胸上段食管鳞癌患者,观察其急性不良反应、治疗失败方式及1、3、5年局部控制率和生存率,并分析相关预后因素。结果 随访率99.4%,随访时间满1、3、5年者分别为159、150、57例。近期总有效率为95.6%。全组1、3、5年局部控制率分别为72.3%、56.6%、52.1%,1、3、5年生存率分别为82.4%、47.0%、34.8%,中位生存期31个月。其中颈段食管癌1、3、5年局部控制率和生存率分别为85.4%、62.5%、53.7%和83.3%、55.4%、33.3%,胸上段1、3、5年局部控制率和生存率分别为68.6%、55.2%、52.2%和81.3%、44.6%、35.7%,颈段与胸上段食管癌的局部控制和生存比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。全组单因素和多因素分析均显示,肿瘤靶区体积(GTV)和近期疗效为影响生存的因素(χ²=19.407、35.489,P<0.05)。全组1、2级急性放射性肺炎的发生率分别为13.2%、5.7%,1、2、3级急性放射性食管炎的发生率分别为54.7%、8.8%、3.3%。肿瘤局部未控和复发占总治疗失败的61.1%。结论 颈及胸上段食管癌IMRT的长期疗效较佳,不良反应较轻,GTV及近期疗效是影响生存的独立预后因素。肿瘤局部未控和复发仍为治疗失败的主要原因。     

TACE联合索拉非尼治疗BCLC-C期肝细胞癌20例疗效分析

目的 评价TACE联合索拉非尼治疗BCLC-C期HCC的疗效,为临床选择合理的治疗方案提供依据.方法 回顾性分析2008年8月-2014年1月有完整资料的BCLC-C期HCC病例76例,按照不同治疗方法分为3组,其中A组单纯TACE组29例,B组TACE联合索拉非尼组20例,C组支持治疗组27例.观察指标主要为:中位总生存时间(MOS),中位肿瘤进展时间(MTTP),疾病控制率(DCR),3、9和15个月生存率.结果 3组的MOS分别是9.2,12.6和3.1个月(P＜ 0.01); MTTP分别为3.2,5.6和1.5个月(P＜0.01);1～2个月内的DCR分别是82.8％,85.0％和14.8％(P＜ 0.01);3个月生存率分别为100％,100％和51.9％(P＜ 0.01);9个月生存率分别为51.7％,85％和0(P＜ 0.01);15个月生存率分别为10.3％,40％和0(P＜ 0.01).但是A组与B组的DCR、3个月生存率相比较,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 对于BCLC-C期HCC,TACE联合索拉非尼疗效最优;对于无法联合治疗的患者,单纯TACE优于支持治疗.     

立体定向放射(体部伽玛刀)治疗原发性肝癌的疗效分析

目的分析体部伽玛刀治疗肝癌的效果。方法设备为OUR-QGD型立体定向体部伽玛射线放射治疗系统。处方等剂量线采用55％～70％等剂量包饶计划靶区;一般剂量每次2．8～5Gy,治疗次数为8～13次,总放射剂量30．8～50Gy;每天或隔天伽玛刀治疗。结果治疗后3个月总的有效率为81．0％(123／152),6个月总的局部控制率及生存率分别为63．2％(96／152)、66．5%(101／152);1年总的局部控制率及生存率分别为39.4％(37／94)、41．5％(39／94)。结论采用伽玛刀对肝癌进行治疗,疗效比较满意,说明伽玛刀对肝癌是较好的局部治疗方式。副作用轻,随访期内未见严重放射性并发症。     

体部γ刀治疗异时性双肾癌疗效初探

目的 探讨体部γ刀治疗异时性双肾癌的可行性、临床疗效和放射损伤情况。方法 回顾性分析2002年至2012年间9例一侧肾癌根治术后发生对侧肾癌,但无再次手术机会的异时性双肾癌患者接受体部γ刀治疗资料。治疗采用OUR-QGD型立体定向γ射线全身治疗计划系统。放疗计划要求50%剂量线覆盖计划靶体积（PTV）,70%剂量线覆盖大体靶体积（GTV）。以50%剂量线为处方剂量线,单次照射量3~5 Gy,1次/d,5次/周。PTV边缘总剂量36~51 Gy,GTV边缘总剂量60~85 Gy。计算局部控制率和生存率。结果 随访截至2013年3月,随访率100%。9例患者中,完全缓解1例,部分缓解4例,稳定3例,进展1例,总有效率55.6%。1、3、5年局部控制率分别为64.8%、43.2%、43.2%。全组患者放疗后中位生存期24（3~122）个月, 1、3、5年总生存率分别为66.7%、53.3%及35.6%。急性放射反应4例,包括骨髓抑制1级2例、胃肠反应1级2例;晚期放射反应2例,均为胃肠反应2级。所有患者放疗后KPS评分较前提高,肾功能基本正常。结论 初步显示体部γ刀治疗异时性双侧肾癌安全有效,是一种可以选择的治疗方式。     

CT引导下经皮乙酸注射联合肝动脉化疗栓塞治疗原发性肝癌

目的 研究经导管肝动脉化疗栓塞(TACE)联合经皮乙酸注射(PAI)治疗原发性肝癌的疗效.方法 选择52例肝癌患者,分为TACE联合PAI治疗组(26例)和单纯TACE组(26例),比较两组治疗效果.结果 联合组与单纯TACE组AFP下降率为78.3%和50.0%,肿瘤体积缩小有效率分别为65.4%(17/26)和38.5%(10/26),1、2年生存率分别为73.1%(19/26)、38.5%(10/20)和57.7%(15/26)、19.2%(5/26),差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 TACE联合PAI治疗原发性肝癌效果明显优于单纯TACE组.     

Recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma after partial hepatectomy: value of treatment with transcatheter arterial chemoembolization.

The usefulness of transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) of the hepatic artery was retrospectively evaluated in 66 patients who underwent the procedure for treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma that recurred after partial hepatectomy. The materials infused were Gelfoam sponge or Gelfoam sponge plus Lipiodol and an anticancer agent. A control group of 15 patients with recurrent tumor received oral anticancer agents alone. The cumulative survival rate for the TACE group was 88% for the first year, 57% for 2 years, 42% for 3 years, and 27% for 5 years, whereas that of the control group was 80% for the first year, 27% for 2 years, and 18% for 3 years. Thus, the prognosis of the TACE group was significantly better (p less than or equal to .01, log-rank test) than that of the control group. The survival rate was inversely correlated with the ratio of the volume of the recurrent tumor to the volume of the whole residual liver. These results suggest that TACE is more effective than oral chemotherapy for treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma that recurs after partial hepatectomy.     

Interventional MR: interstitial therapy

The rationale and results for interstitial therapies via interventional MRI in the treatment of tumors in various regions are presented. Different interstitial treatment techniques are presented based on varying technologies both for tumor ablation and treatment monitoring. Data are presented based on 335 patients, 29–84 years of age (mean age 59 years, 196 men and 139 women) with a total of 932 liver tumors, 16 head and neck tumors and 14 abdominal recurrent pelvic and lymphatic tumors. All lesions had been treated with MR-guided laser-induced interstitial thermotherapy (LITT) via 2516 laser applications and 1856 cannulations. Data in the literature are extremely varying depending on author experience, treatment technique, and the included patient material. In our patient material we were able to achieve a local tumor control of 96.7 % depending on the size of the tumorous lesion, the topographical relationship, and the applied laser parameters. The overall cumulative survival rate of patients with liver metastases was 45.74 months (median 40.97 months, 95 % confidence interval 31.42–50.52). The cumulative survival rate of the patient group with hepatic metastases of colorectal carcinoma was 42.71 months (median 39.33 months, 95 % confidence interval 33.26–45.37). In patients with head and neck tumors a relevant reduction in clinically relevant symptoms such as pain, swallowing disorders, or nervous compression was achieved in 11 of 15 patients treated with LITT. In 14 soft tissue tumors, such as pelvic tumor recurrence and lymph node metastases, a local tumor control was obtained in 68 % of lesions. Interstitial therapies under interventional MRI guidance, such as LITT, results in a high local tumor control with an improved survival rate.     

Simultaneous Stereotactic Radiofrequency Ablation of Multiple (≥ 4) Liver Tumors: Feasibility,Safety, and Efficacy

PurposeTo assess feasibility, safety, and clinical outcome of simultaneous stereotactic radiofrequency (RF) ablation of multiple (≥ 4) primary and metastatic liver tumors.Materials and MethodsThis retrospective observational study included 92 patients (29 women, 62 men), 35 with ≥ 4 hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs) and 57 with ≥ 4 metastatic liver tumors at initial stereotactic RF ablation between 2005 and 2018. The median size of 178 HCCs and 371 metastases was 2.2 cm (range, 1.0–8.5 cm) and 3.0 cm (range, 0.5–13 cm), respectively. At initial stereotactic RF ablation, 17 (48.6%) patients with HCC and 19 (33.3%) with metastases had 4 liver tumors, 11 (31.4%) and 19 (33.3%) had 5 tumors, and 7 (20%) and 19 (33.3%) had ≥ 6 tumors.ResultsMajor complications occurred in 2 of 35 ablations (5.4%) in patients with HCCs and in 7 of 63 (10%) with metastases. The primary technical efficacy rate (ie, successful initial ablation) was 100% (178/178) in HCCs and 98.8% (363/371) in metastases. Local recurrence was observed in 4 of 178 (2.2%) HCCs and in 17 of 371 (4.6%) metastases. Overall survival (OS) rates at 1, 3, and 5 years from the date of the first stereotactic RF ablation were 88.0%, 54.0%, and 30.4% for patients with HCCs with a median OS of 38.2 months and 86.1%, 53.1%, and 37.3% for patients with metastases with a median OS of 37.4 months.ConclusionsStereotactic RF ablation is a feasible, safe, and efficacious option in simultaneous management of multiple primary and metastatic liver tumors.     

Clinical efficacy and safety analysis of CT-guided 125I implantation in the treatment of recurrent or metastatic pelvic malignant tumor

PURPOSEThis study was conducted to evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of computed tomography (CT)-guided ¹²⁵I implantation in the treatment of recurrent or metastatic pelvic malignant tumor.METHODS AND MATERIALSThis retrospective study analyzed the data of 30 patients with recurrent and metastatic pelvic malignant tumor who were treated with CT-guided ¹²⁵I implantation between January 2016 and December 2020. Disease control rate, objective remission rate, overall survival (OS), pain relief rate, quality of life score, and complications were evaluated after the followup.RESULTSMedian followup was 20.1 (7–30) months. Disease control rate was 86.67% at 6 months. Objective response rates at 1, 3, and 6 months were 36.67%, 60%, and 56.67%, respectively. OS rates at 12 and 24 months were 76.67% (23/30) and 33.33% (10/30), respectively. Progression-free survival rates at 12 and 24 months were 63.33% (19/30) and 33.33% (10/30), respectively. Postoperative pain relief rate was 86.67% (26/30). There were no major bleeding, pelvic abscess, intestinal fistula, intestinal perforation, and other serious complications.CONCLUSIONSCT-guided ¹²⁵I seed implantation in the treatment of patients with pelvic malignant tumor is a simple operation and less traumatic and can improve patients’ quality of life and reduce tumor load.     

125I粒子与缓释化疗粒子联合应用靶向治疗复发性直肠癌

目的 探讨应用放、化疗粒子联合植入法综合治疗复发性直肠癌的可行性、安全性及短期疗效。方法 自2001年12月至2005年12月,应用放、化疗粒子联合植入法综合治疗复发性直肠癌26例,均为直肠癌Mile＇s术后盆腔复发病人。在治疗计划指导下,交替植入氟尿嘧啶缓释化疗粒子和放射性125I粒子。放射性粒子的肿瘤匹配周边剂量（matched peripheral dose,MPD）为90～130Gy。平均每例使用^125Ⅰ粒子12粒,氟尿嘧啶600 mg。结果 26例病人手术均顺利完成,未发生出血、感染等并发症,经盆腔摄片证实放射性粒子的位置无变化。疼痛缓解率为88.9%（16/18）,平均疼痛缓解时间为5～10 d。于术后3～6个月CT复查肿瘤变化,提示瘤体不同程度缩小,其中2例完全缓解,19例部分缓解,4例稳定,局部控制率为81%。随访6～42个月,中位生存期为29个月,最长1例随访时间为术后42个月,现仍存活。1例术后6个月死于全身广泛转移。结论 放射性125I粒子和氟尿嘧啶缓释化疗粒子联合应用局部植入技术具有安全、微创及并发症发生率低的特点,是综合治疗复发性直肠癌较有效的手段之一。     

消化道肿瘤腹膜后淋巴结转移行介入化疗加立体定向放疗的价值

目的 探讨消化道肿瘤术后腹膜后淋巴结转移行介入化疗加立体定向放疗的价值。方法 自1997年8月至2001年2月，在我院采用立体定向加介入治疗腹腔转移瘤46例，采用先腹脸动脉化疗（ATAI），Seldinger技术穿刺股动脉，插入1.22-1.83m长的导管，行腹腔动脉肿瘤供血支插管药物灌注化疗，鳞癌给予顺铂60－80mg，丝裂霉素10－20mg，阿霉素60－80mg，腺癌给予甲酰四氢叶酸钙300mg，氟尿嘧啶1000－1500mg，顺铂60－80mg，阿霉素60－80mg(或丝裂霉素10－20mg)。TAI后或2次TAI间歇期给予立体定向放疗，根据病变大小和部位选用不同大小的准直器，80％以上的等剂量线包绕靶区，边缘剂量2－6Gy/次不等，隔日1次，常规外照射后补量4－6次；未行外照射者行8－15次。疗效评价采用国际抗癌联盟制定的标准；（1）完全缓解（complete response,CR)，所见肿瘤病变完全消失并至少维持4周以上；（2）部分缓解（partial resonse,PR)，肿瘤病灶的最大径及其最大垂直径的乘积减少50％以上，并维持4周以上，无新的病变出现；（3）无变化（no change,NC)，肿瘤病灶的两径乘积缩小50％以下或增大25％以上，无新的病变出现；（4）进展（progressive disease,PD)，肿瘤病灶的两径乘积增大25％以上或出现新病灶。结果 46例中CR达20例，PR20例，总有效率（CR＋PR）为87％，1，2，3年生存率分别为54％（25／46），44％（17／39），24％（5／21）。结论 采用介入化疗结合立体定向放疗治疗腹膜后转移瘤，疗效高，缓解期长，副作用小，不失为腹膜后转移瘤首选的治疗方案之一。     

Percutaneous radiofrequency ablation for early-stage hepatocellular carcinoma as a first-line treatment: long-term results and prognostic factors in a large single-institution series

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the long-term survival results and complications of percutaneous radiofrequency ablation (RFA) in patients with early-stage hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Between April 1999 and May 2005, 570 patients with 674 early-stage HCCs underwent percutaneous RFA as a first-line treatment option in a single institution. We evaluated the effectiveness rates, local tumor progression rates, survival rates, and complications. We also assessed the prognostic values of survival rates by using Cox proportional hazard models. The primary technique effectiveness rate was 96.7% (652 of 674). The cumulative rates of local tumor progression at 1, 2, and 3 years were 8.1%, 10.9%, and 11.8%, respectively. The cumulative survival rates at 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 years were 95.2%, 82.9%, 69.5%, 60.8%, and 58.0%, respectively. Patients with Child-Pugh class A cirrhosis, of younger age (相似文献   

Efficacy of whole brain radiotherapy combined with fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy in metastatic brain tumors, and prognostic factors

PURPOSE: We attempted to analyze the effectiveness of whole brain radiotherapy (WBRT) combined with fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy (FSRT) in brain metastases. METHODS: Thirty-seven metastatic brain tumors in 29 patients without previous treatment were treated with WBRT plus FSRT, from October 1996 to February 2002. Four of the patients received stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) prior to WBRT. Non-small cell lung cancer was the most common type of primary tumor (20/29). The total dose to the whole brain ranged from 30 Gy to 40 Gy, and the boost dose from FSRT ranged from 12 Gy to 40 Gy. End points were survival rate and local control rates. Factors influencing survival were evaluated. RESULTS: Median survival was 13 months, and actuarial survival rates at one and two years were 81% and 39%, respectively. Actuarial one and two year local control rates for all lesions were 78% and 71%, respectively. Survival was significantly associated with age, tumor size, presence of active extracranial tumors, and performance status. No acute or delayed complications were observed. CONCLUSIONS: We believe that WBRT plus FSRT should be included in the treatment options for metastatic brain tumors, and we consider the effect of this non-invasive method to be quite good in patients with good prognostic factors, although other invasive modalities could also be effective in them.