Risk Factors for Cervical Cancer in Rural Areas of Wuhan China: a Matched Case-control Study

Cervical cancer is a serious public health problem in developing countries. We investigated possible riskfactors for cervical cancer in rural areas of Wuhan China using a matched case-control study with 33 womendiagnosed with cervical cancer and 132 healthy women selected from the same area as matched controls. Aquestionnaire, which included questions about general demography conditions, environmental and geneticfactors, the first sexual intercourse, first marriage age, age at first pregnancy, pregnancy first child’s age, femalepersonal health history, social psychological factors, dietary habits, smoking and alcohol status and other livinghabits was presented to all participants. At the same time, HPV infection of every participant was examined inlaboratory testing. Results showed HPV infection (P<0.000, OR=23.4) and pregnancy first child’s age (P<0.000,OR=13.1) to be risk factors for cervical cancer. Menopause (P=0.003, OR=0.073) was a protective factor againstcervical cancer. However, there was no indication of associations of environmental (drinking water, insecticide,disinfectant) genetic (cancer family history), or life-style factors (smoking status, alcohol status, physical training,sleep quality), including dietary habits (intake of fruit and vegetable, meat, fried food, bean products and pickledfood) or social psychological factors with cervical cancer. The results suggest that the risk of cervical cancer inChinese rural women may be associated with HPV infection, menopause and the pregnancy first child’s age.     

Risk Factors for Esophageal Cancer: a Case-control Study in South-western China

Esophageal cancer is a crucial cancer in China. Yanting in Sichuan Province was a key area with highest esophageal ‍cancer mortality in China, but little evidence on esophageal cancer risk factors has been reported for this area and ‍the etiology remains unclear. To clarify risk factors, a 1:1 matched case-control study was conducted. Totals of 185 ‍eligible esophageal cancer patients and 185 healthy residents matched for sex and age were recruited. Conditional ‍logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for possible risk/ ‍protective factors. All ORs were adjusted by family history of esophageal cancer and occupation, and then further ‍adjusted by other possible confounding factors. Our results showed that smoking and alcohol drinking were risk ‍factors for esophageal cancer with dose-response. The ORs (95% CI) compared with never smokers and drinkers ‍were 4.06 (1.55-10.6) and 2.49 (1.06-5.85), respectively. The OR was further increased to 8.86 (95%CI, 3.82-20.5) for ‍both smoking and drinking in combination. Eating food rapidly (OR=5.84, 95%CI, 2.05-16.7), drinking shallow ‍ground water (OR=4.18, 95%CI, 1.30-13.4) and frequent intake of picked vegetables (OR=2.12, 95%CI, 1.00-4.49) ‍appeared to increase the risk, while frequent intake of fresh fruit (OR=0.42, 95%CI, 0.19-0.89), fresh vegetables ‍(OR= 0.62, 95%CI, 0.32-1.17) and eggs (OR=0.59, 95%CI, 0.25-1.39) decreased the risk. In conclusion, smoking and ‍alcohol drinking are common in Yanting and main contributors to esophageal cancer. Consumption of fresh fruit ‍and eggs are not common and high consumption of these two foods as well as fresh vegetables may decrease the risk ‍of esophageal cancer in this area. In addition, drinking shallow ground water and eating food rapidly, as well as ‍frequent intake of pickled vegetables, are also factors increasing the risk. ‍ ‍     

生活习惯和饮食与胃癌发生的相关性研究

目的:探讨生活习惯和饮食等危险因素与胃癌发生的关系。方法:采用病例对照研究,胃癌患者97例,非胃癌肿瘤患者77例为对照组,调查患者的一般情况、既往史及家族史、饮食摄入情况、生活居住环境以及饮酒和吸烟史等,饮食部分的调查采用频数法。对资料进行单因素和多因素非条件Logistic回归分析。结果:单因素分析结果,饮酒、吸烟年限长、有胃癌家族史和喜吃腌制食物是胃癌的危险因素,OR值分别为2.456、2.333、3.060和1.959;清淡、酸性食物、喝绿茶和喝茶年限超过20年是胃癌的保护性因素,OR值分别为0.402、0.297、0.402和0.331;多因素分析结果,腌制食物、吸烟年限长、胃癌家族史是胃癌的危险因素,而清淡饮食和喝茶年限长是胃癌的保护性因素。结论:腌制食物、吸烟年限长和胃癌家族史可增加胃癌的发病风险,而清淡饮食和喝茶年限长可降低胃癌发生的危险性。     

吲哚胺2，3-二氧酶在CINⅠ～Ⅲ及宫颈鳞状细胞癌组织中的表达及临床意义*

目的:探讨吲哚胺2,3- 二氧酶（indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase,IDO ）在宫颈鳞癌发生发展中的作用。方法:选择2008年1 月至12月在昆明医学院第三附属医院病理确诊为宫颈上皮内瘤样病变（cervical intraepithelial neoplasia ,CIN）Ⅰ～Ⅲ和宫颈鳞癌的病灶组织石蜡标本116 例及转移淋巴结石蜡标本18例。以正常宫颈组织石蜡标本20例及无转移淋巴结组织石蜡标本20例作为对照,采用免疫组化方法分析组织中IDO 的表达。结果:正常宫颈（20例）及CINI 组织（10例）中IDO 表达均为阴性,20%（2/10）的CINⅡ期组织表达为弱阳性,其余为阴性（80%,8/10）,CINⅢ中有61.5%（8/13）的组织呈弱阳性表达,7.7%（1/13）的组织为阳性表达,30.8%（4/13）的组织为阴性表达,宫颈癌Ⅰ～Ⅳ的阳性表达率为100%（83/83）,ⅠA 期和ⅠB 期阳性表达率显著高于CINⅡ和CIN Ⅲ（P<0.01）,ⅡA～ⅣB 阳性表达率显著高于ⅠA 期和ⅠB 期（P<0.01）。 IDO 表达与宫颈癌进展有关（OR= 0.807,P<0.01）。 淋巴结转移阳性患者的宫颈癌组织阳性表达率显著高于淋巴结转移阴性患者（P<0.01）,淋巴结转移组织中阳性表达率显著高于淋巴结转移阴性组织（P<0.01）,IDO 阳性表达率与肿瘤分化程度无关（OR=-0.139,P>0.05）。 结论:从CIN Ⅱ开始,肿瘤组织已逐步建立有利于肿瘤发展的免疫逃逸机制,转移淋巴结IDO 表达阳性可能与机体免疫系统选择性免疫耐受有关。IDO 的表达与疾病进展有关而与肿瘤组织分化程度无关,IDO 可能成为宫颈鳞状细胞癌预后的预测因子及治疗靶点。      

Protective effect of green tea against prostate cancer: a case-control study in southeast China

To investigate whether green tea consumption has an etiological association with prostate cancer, a case-control study was conducted in Hangzhou, southeast China during 2001-2002. The cases were 130 incident patients with histologically confirmed adenocarcinoma of the prostate. The controls were 274 hospital inpatients without prostate cancer or any other malignant diseases, and matched to the age of cases. Information on duration, quantity and frequency of usual tea consumption, as well as the number of new batches brewed per day, were collected by face-to-face interview using a structured questionnaire. The risk of prostate cancer for tea consumption was assessed using multivariate logistic regression adjusting for age, locality, education, income, body mass index, physical activity, alcohol consumption, tobacco smoking, total fat intake, marital status, age at marriage, number of children, history of vasectomy and family history of prostate cancer. Among the cases, 55.4% were tea drinkers compared to 79.9% for the controls. Almost all the tea consumed was green tea. The prostate cancer risk declined with increasing frequency, duration and quantity of green tea consumption. The adjusted odds ratio (OR), relative to non-tea drinkers, were 0.28 (95% CI = 0.17-0.47) for tea drinking, 0.12 (95% CI = 0.06-0.26) for drinking tea over 40 years, 0.09 (95% CI = 0.04-0.21) for those consuming more than 1.5 kg of tea leaves yearly, and 0.27 (95% CI = 0.15-0.48) for those drinking more than 3 cups (1 litre) daily. The dose response relationships were also significant, suggesting that green tea is protective against prostate cancer.     

Tea and coffee consumption and the risk of digestive tract cancers: data from a comparative case-referent study in Japan

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to examine the hypothesis that tea and coffee consumption have a protective effect against development of digestive tract cancers. Methods: A comparative case-referent study was conducted using Hospital-based Epidemiologic Research Program at Aichi Cancer Center (HERPACC) data from 1990 to 1995 in Nagoya, Japan. This study comprised 1,706 histologically diagnosed cases of digestive tract cancers (185 esophagus, 893 stomach, 362 colon, 266 rectum) and a total of 21,128 non-cancer outpatients aged 40 years and over. Logistic regression was used to analyze the data, adjusting for gender; age; year and season at hospital-visit; habitual smoking and alcohol drinking; regular physical exercise; fruit, rice, and beef intake; and beverage intake. Results: The odds ratio (OR) of stomach cancer decreased to 0.69 (95 percent confidence interval [CI] = 0.48-1.00) with high intake of green tea (seven cups or more per day). A decreased risk was also observed for rectal cancer with three cups or more daily intake of coffee (OR = 0.46, CI = 0.26-0.81). Conclusions: The results suggest the potential for protective effect against site-specific digestive tract cancer by consumption of green tea and coffee, although most associations are limited only to the upper category of intake and have no clear explanation for site-specificity.     

黑龙江胃癌病例对照研究资料模糊状态风险分析

Data of case-control study of 241 cases of stomach cancer were analyzed by method of risk analysis of fuzzy states. The findings showed that alcohol consumption, smoking, chronic gastritis, insufficient vegetable intake, and frequent hard or salted food eating were the risk factors of stomach cancer in Heilongjiang area. It indicated that multiplicative effect existed in chronic gastritis with alcohol drinking or alcohol drinking with salted vegetable intake with OR of 5.53 and 1.80, respectively.     

Risk factors for cancer of the oral cavity and oro-pharynx in Cuba.

In terms of worldwide levels, Cuba has an intermediate incidence of cancer of the oral cavity and oro-pharynx. We studied 200 cases of cancer of the oral cavity and pharynx, of whom 57 women (median age = 64) and 200 hospital controls, frequency matched with cases by age and sex, in relation to smoking and drinking history, intake of 25 foods or food groups, indicators of oral hygiene and sexual activity, and history of sexually transmitted diseases. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were obtained from unconditional multiple logistic regressions and adjusted for age, sex, area of residence, education, and smoking and drinking habits. In the multivariate model, high educational level and white-collar occupation, but not white race, were associated with halving of oral cancer risk. Smoking > or =30 cigarettes per day showed an OR of 20.8 (95% CI: 8.9-48.3), similar to smoking > or =4 cigars daily (OR = 20.5). Drinking > or = 70 alcoholic drinks per week showed an OR of 5.7 (95% CI: 1.8-18.5). Hard liquors were by far the largest source of alcohol. Increased risk was associated with the highest tertile of intake for maize (OR = 1.9), meat (OR = 2.2) and ham and salami (OR = 2.0), whereas high fruit intake was associated with significantly decreased risk (OR = 0.4). Among indicators of dental care, number of missing teeth and poor general oral condition at oral inspection showed ORs of 2.7 and 2.6, respectively. Number of sexual partners, marriages or contacts with prostitutes, practice of oral sex and history of various sexually transmitted diseases, including genital warts, were not associated with oral cancer risk. 82% of oral cancer cases in Cuba were attributable to tobacco smoking, 19% to smoking cigars or pipe only. The fractions attributable to alcohol drinking (7%) and low fruit intake (11%) were more modest. Thus, decreases in cigarette and cigar smoking are at present the key to oral cancer prevention in Cuba.     

Diet and risk of oral and pharyngeal cancer. An Italian case-control study.

The relation between diet and risk of oral and pharyngeal cancer was analysed in a case-control study conducted in North-East Italy between 1996 and 1999. Cases were 132 patients (including 33 women), with incident, histologically confirmed cancer of the oral cavity or pharynx, and controls were 148 subjects (including 45 women) admitted to hospitals for acute conditions unrelated to smoking or alcohol drinking. After allowance for tobacco, alcohol and several other potential confounding factors, significant inverse association with the risk of oral and pharyngeal cancer was found for consumption of total green vegetables (OR 0.37) and total fruit (OR 0.34) with significant trends in risk Compared with alcohol drinkers of < 20 drinks/week and eating > 13 portions/week of total green vegetables, the OR for drinkers of > or = 20 drinks/week and eating < 7 portions/week of green vegetables was 15.44. Our study provides further support to the beneficial effect of high intake of vegetables and fruit, particularly in heavy smokers and alcohol drinkers.     

Green tea drinking,high tea temperature and esophageal cancer in high‐ and low‐risk areas of Jiangsu Province,China: A population‐based case–control study

Epidemiological studies suggested drinking green tea is inversely associated with esophageal cancer but results remain inconclusive. Moreover, inconsistent observations found high temperature drinks are associated with esophageal cancer. A population‐based case–control study was conducted in a high‐risk area (Dafeng) and a low‐risk area (Ganyu) of esophageal cancer in Jiangsu province China from 2003 to 2007. It aimed to explore green tea drinking and tea temperature with the risk of esophageal cancer, and to compare the difference between different risk regions. Using identical protocols, 1,520 cases and 3,879 healthy controls were recruited as study subjects in 2 regions. Detailed information was collected to assess green tea drinking habits. Unconditional logistic regression was used to obtain OR and 95% CI. Results showed that ever drinking green tea elevated OR in both counties (Dafeng OR = 1.2, 95% CI = 0.9–1.5; Ganyu: OR = 1.9, 95% CI = 1.4–2.4). Drinking tea at high temperature was found to increase cancer risk in both areas (Dafeng: OR = 1.9, 95% CI = 1.2–2.9; Ganyu OR = 3.1 95% CI = 2.2–4.3). However, after further adjustment for tea temperature, ever drinking tea was not related to cancer in either county (Dafeng: OR = 1.0, 95% CI = 0.7–1.3; Ganyu: OR = 1.3, 95% CI = 0.9–1.7). For dose‐response relationships, we observed positive relationship with monthly consumption of tea (p for trend = 0.067) and tea concentration (p for trend = 0.006) after further adjustment for tea temperature. In conclusion, green tea drinking was not inversely associated with esophageal cancer in this study. However, drinking tea at high temperatures significantly increased esophageal cancer risk. There was no obvious difference of green tea drinking between low‐ and high‐risk areas. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.     

2018-2019年安徽省碘染色内镜食管癌筛查结果分析

目的食管癌是常见的消化道癌,安徽省自2005年起实施农村癌症早诊早治筛查项目。本研究旨在探讨食管癌筛查人群相关行为、病史及病理检查结果,以及相互关联,为制定更有针对性的筛查方案和防控计划提供依据。方法收集2018-07-01-2019-06-30安徽省全部食管癌筛查数据,应用描述性分析和多元线性相关分析进行数据处理。结果共完成29386人次筛查,男性占52.62%,女性占47.38%;40~49岁组占40.99%,50~59岁组占30.20%。自报吸烟率、饮酒率及饮茶率均<10%;经常吃蔬菜、水果、肉蛋奶类食品及豆类食品的比例分别为97.40%、73.61%、84.29%和80.15%;常吃腌晒食品的占20.07%,常吃油炸食品、烫热食品及霉变食品的比例均<5%;超重或肥胖占41.04%;曾确诊过食管炎的仅占0.4%。病理活检2663份,占筛查人数9.06%。活检共发现各种非增生性病变、增生性病变及癌变1074例,占活检对象的40.33%。各种组织损害的检出率均随年龄的增长而增长(OR=1.84~5.01);男性高于女性(OR=1.30~1.78)。与低体质量相比,肥胖更易检出炎症+基底细胞增生(OR=2.79),但检出癌变的可能性更小(OR=0.43);超重(OR=1.50)及肥胖(OR=2.60)更易检出癌前病变。癌变与水果、腌晒食品及霉变食品摄入频率呈正相关(OR=1.83~2.55),但与饮酒、吸烟无关。癌前病变与霉变食品摄入频率、食管炎和胃肠炎病史呈正相关(OR=2.61~6.16),但与吸烟呈负相关(OR=0.55)。炎症+基底细胞增生则与吸烟、水果摄入频率及胃/十二指肠溃疡呈正相关(OR=1.84~2.78)、与腌晒食品摄入频率呈负相关(OR=0.66)。结论食管癌筛查人群经历过一系列的机制与过程的选择,其相关行为、病史及其与筛查结果的关系与一般人群有明显区别。这些特征为制定更有针对性的筛查和防控计划提供了有益的线索。     

Flavonoids and laryngeal cancer risk in Italy.

BACKGROUND: Flavonoids may play an important role in explaining the protective effect of vegetables and fruit against cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS: To investigate the relation between flavonoids and laryngeal cancer risk, we have applied data on the composition of foods and beverages in terms of six principal classes of flavonoids to a case-control study of laryngeal cancer conducted from 1992 to 2000 in Italy. Cases were 460 subjects with incident, histologically confirmed laryngeal cancer; controls were 1088 patients admitted for acute, non-neoplastic diseases. Odds ratios (OR) were estimated through multiple logistic regression models, including terms for sociodemographic and lifestyle factors, tobacco smoking, alcohol consumption and energy intake. RESULTS: Significant inverse relations were found for the highest versus the lowest quintile of intake for flavan-3-ols (OR = 0.64), flavanones (OR = 0.60), flavonols (OR = 0.32) and total flavonoids (OR = 0.60), although the overall trends in risk were significant only for flavanones and flavonols. No consistent associations were observed for isoflavones, anthocyanidins and flavones. The estimates did not differ substantially across strata of alcohol drinking, tobacco smoking, body mass index and education, and tended to persist even after controlling for vegetable and fruit intake. CONCLUSION: This study provides support for a beneficial effect of selected flavonoids on laryngeal cancer risk.     

饮酒与膀胱癌关系的全人群病例对照研究

目的探讨饮酒与膀胱癌发生的关系。方法采用全人群为基础的病例对照研究,共调查1996年1月1日~1998年12月31日期间确诊的上海市区膀胱癌新发病例608例,健康人群对照607例。采用非条件logistic回归分析,调整吸烟等可能的混杂因素,以估计饮酒对膀胱癌发生的危险度及其95%可信区间。结果与不饮酒者相比,男、女性饮酒者患膀胱癌相对危险度分别是1.22(95%CI0.94~1.59)、0.50(95%CI0.13~1.90)。男性随总酒精摄入量增加患膀胱癌的危险有增加趋势,OR值分别为1.10(1~80g/d)和1.56(>80g/d)(趋势检验P=0.043)。男性总酒精摄入量与饮酒年限的联合作用分析表明,与不饮酒者相比,总酒精摄入量超过80g/d、饮酒年限超过40年者患膀胱癌危险度为2.11(95%CI1.11~4.01)。将饮酒分3层、吸烟分4层进行男性饮酒与吸烟的联合作用分析,结果显示总酒精摄入量>80g/d且吸烟≥35包年者的OR值为2.78(95%CI1.46~5.28)。未发现各饮酒种类与男性膀胱癌有显著关联。在不吸烟男性组中的分析显示,饮酒习惯的OR值均没有统计学意义。结论饮酒可能与男性膀胱癌有一定联系,但作用较弱,似乎主要表现为对吸烟男性的作用。     

子宫颈癌SOX9基因甲基化早期诊断价值探讨

目的检测宫颈癌和宫颈上皮内瘤变（cervical intraepithelial neoplasia,CIN）脱落细胞中SOX9基因甲基化水平,为子宫颈癌的早期诊断提供新的分子标志。方法收集2010-03-01-2011-06-30就诊于首都医科大学附属北京妇产医院肿瘤科患者的宫颈脱落细胞156例,采用双探针实时定量聚合酶链式反应（polymerase chain reaction,PCR）技术,定量检测正常宫颈组（48例）、CINⅠ组（30例）、CINⅡ-Ⅲ组（30例）和宫颈癌组（48例）的宫颈脱落细胞中SOX9基因甲基化水平,分析SOX9基因甲基化与各级别宫颈病变的关系。结果正常宫颈组SOX9基因甲基化水平（甲基化评分）17.93±4.33,CINⅠ组为10.35±4.06,CINⅡ-Ⅲ组为33.17±15.19,宫颈癌组为48.04±24.03。SOX9基因甲基化水平随宫颈病变级别的增加而升高,且在CINⅡ-Ⅲ组和宫颈癌组中显著升高。CINⅠ组和正常宫颈组脱落细胞甲基化水平差异无统计学意义,P=0.062;SOX9基因甲基化水平在其余任意两组间差异均有统计学意义,P〈0.001。SOX9基因甲基化评分可有效区分宫颈癌/CINⅡ-Ⅲ和CINⅠ/正常宫颈,受试者工作特征曲线下面积（area under the receiver operating characteristic curve,AUC）为0.961（95%CI：0.933-0.990）,P〈0.001。在最佳临界值,SOX9基因甲基化评分检测宫颈癌/CINⅡ-Ⅲ的敏感度为92.3%,特异度为89.7%。结论甲基化SOX9基因能够有效诊断宫颈癌/CINⅡ-Ⅲ,可以作为子宫颈癌早期诊断的分子标志。     

Lifestyle-related risk factors for stomach cancer in northeast Thailand.

Background: Stomach cancer is not common in Thailand but the life styles of the Thai population are changingto become more Western so that information for planning control programme of stomach cancer is necessary.The highest incidence rates of this neoplasm are found in Eastern Asia, ranging from age-standardized rates of95.5/105 (men) and 40.1/105 (women) in Yamagata, Japan to 4.1/105 (men) and 2.1/105 (women) in Khon Kaen,Northeast of Thailand. In Thailand, the estimated age-standardized incidence rates in 1993, 1996 were 4.9/105,4.1/105 in men and 3.0/105 , 2.6/105 in women. Risk factors for stomach cancer in Thai population are unclear,but possibly include low intake of vegetables and fruits, alcohol drinking, tobacco smoking and high intake ofsalt. Objective: To investigate various aspects of dietary factors, smoking, and alcohol drinking in determiningrisk of stomach cancer in Thai population. Methods: A case-control study was conducted in Khon Kaen, Thailandduring 2002-2006, to study the role of these factors in stomach cancer. 101 stomach cancer cases and 202 matchedcontrols (case : control = 1:2) by sex, age (± 3 years) and region were recruited from Srinagarind Hospital andKhon Kaen Regional Hospital, in Khon Kaen Province. All of cases were histologically confirmed. Controls hada variety of diseases, the main ones being disease of the eye. Information on dietary habits, alcohol drinking andsmoking were collected by a structured questionnaire, blood samples were collected for further study. Results:The distribution of the general characteristics by case-control status, the distribution of age and sex were similarin cases and controls. In the final analysis, the factors that found to be higher risk but not statistically significantwere long-term filter cigarette smoking (OR=1.9, 95%CI: 0.85-4.50), long-term alcohol consumption (OR=1.2,95%CI: 0.51-2.60) and low intake of vegetables and fruits (OR=1.2, 95%CI: 0.74-1.96). A high intake of vegetableoil (OR=4.5, 95%CI: 1.00.-20.17) was found to be associated with increased risk, and similar tendencies werenoted for pork oil (OR=1.4, 95%CI: 0.63-3.01) and jeaw prik (mainly chilly with plara broth) (OR=1.2, 95%CI:0 .76- 2.01). Conclusion: Our study confirmed protective effects of a high intake of fruits and vegetables againststomach cancer development and showed a high intake of sauces to increase risk of stomach cancer as in othercountries in Asia.     

宫颈病变组织CK17蛋白表达临床意义的研究

目的:检测宫颈上皮内瘤变及宫颈癌组织中CK17的表达,并探讨其临床意义.方法:应用免疫组织化学SP 法,检测15例正常宫颈组织、15例宫颈上皮内瘤变(C1N)Ⅰ、17例CINⅡ、21例CINⅢ、36例宫颈鳞癌和8例宫颈腺癌组织中CK17的表达情况.结果:CK17在正常宫颈组织、CIN和宫颈鳞癌中的阳性表达率分别为0、56.6％和83.3％,3组相比差异有统计学意义,x2=30.177,P＜0.05.CIN Ⅰ、CINⅡ和CINⅢ中,CK17的阳性表达率分别为20.0％、64.7％和76.2％,CINⅡ组阳性率高于CINⅠ组,差异有统计学意义,P=0.016;CINⅢ组阳性率高于CINⅠ组,差异有统计学意义,P=0.002;CIN Ⅱ组和CINⅢ组阳性率差异无统计学意义,P＞0.05.随着宫颈病变程度的加重,CK17的阳性表达率逐渐增高,其阳性表达同宫颈病变程度呈正相关,r=0.958,P＜0.05.结论:CK17可作为高级别CIN和浸润性鳞状细胞癌诊断及预测病变进展趋势的标志.     

Population-based Case-control Study on Risk Factors for Esophageal Cancer in Five High-risk Areas in China

Objective: To study major etiological factors for esophageal cancer in upper gastrointestinal cancer high riskareas in China. Methods: Five areas with high incidences of esophageal and gastric cancer with good qualitycancer registration data were selected for the study: Cixian, Shexian from Hebei Province, Linxian from HenanProvince, Feicheng from Shandong Province and Zhuanghe from Liaoning Province. A total of 250 cases wererandomly recruited from the cancer registration database diagnosed as arising in the lower esophageal segmentsince January 1, 2009. Three controls were identified and matched with each case as having similar characteristics,such as gender, sex and residency. Questionnaires were applied by face to face interview with trained staff, anddata entry was conducted using EPIDATA software. Conditional logistic models were employed for univariateand multivariate analyses to evaluate odd ratios and 95% confident intervals, with SPSS 13.0 statistic software.Results: In single variable analysis, gastrointestinal history, GERD, smoking, passive smoking, alcohol drinking,hot food, pickled food, overnight vegetable, dried food, no breakfast, false dining posture were found to be riskfactors of esophageal cancer. Eating more fresh vegetables and high BMI were protective factors. Gastrointestinalhistory (OR=12.658), not taking regular meals (3.465), overnight vegetables (OR=3.296), GERD (OR=3.044),hot food (OR=2.510), passive smoking (OR=2.423), pickled food (OR=2.273), alcohol drinking (OR=2.074),seldom eating breakfast(OR=1.987), and false dining posture (OR=1.977) increased the risk of esophageal canceron multivariate logistic analysis, and fresh vegetables (OR=0.279) and BMI≥25 (OR=0.528) continued to beprotective. Conclusions: Esophageal cancer could be caused by genetics acting in synergy with environmentalfactors. Health education for the general population in high risk areas should be strengthened, with interventionprograms of nutrition and lifestyle focusing on effective prevention and control for upper gastrointestinal cancer.     

Gastric Cancer: the Roles of Diet,Alcohol Drinking,Smoking and Helicobacter pylori in Northeastern Thailand

The incidence of gastric cancer in the countries of South East Asia is variable, ranging from age-standardized ‍rates of 20.9/105 (men) and 10.4/105 (women) in Hanoi, Vietnam to 4.1/105 (men) and 2.1/105 (women) in Khon Kaen, ‍Thailand. The reasons for these differences are unknown. Possible explanations are differences in dietary habits, ‍alcohol drinking, smoking and/or the prevalence of infection with Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori). A case-control ‍study was conducted in Khon Kaen, Thailand, to study the role of these factors in gastric cancer carcinogenesis. 131 ‍gastric cancer cases and 262 matched controls were recruited for the study. Information on dietary habits, alcohol ‍drinking and smoking were collected by a structured questionnaire. Blood samples were available from 111 cases ‍and 232 controls for H. pylori assay. Using an unconditional logistic regression model controlling for age and sex, we ‍assessed the effects of dietary habits, alcohol drinking, smoking and H. pylori infection on the risk of gastric cancer. ‍A high intake of salt (OR=1.8; 95%CI 1.1-3.0) and fermented foods (OR=1.9; 95%CI 1.1-3.3) was found to be ‍associated with an increased risk. Preference for spicy food was not associated with gastric cancer risk in this ‍population. Although there were negative associations between gastric cancer and vegetable and fruit intake, they ‍were rather weak (OR 0.8 for both) and non significant. There were also weak (non-significant) associations with ‍smoking and alcohol consumption, and no association with H. pylori infection (OR=0.6; 95%CI 0.4-1.0). Infection of ‍H. pylori was associated with various indicators of crowding. ‍     

维吾尔族妇女宫颈癌发生与EBV及HPV感染的关系

目的:探讨维吾尔族妇女宫颈癌发生过程中EB病毒(Ebstein-Barr virus,EBV)及人乳头瘤病毒(human papillomavirus,HPV)感染的作用及其意义。方法:收集维吾尔族妇女宫颈炎、宫颈内上皮瘤样病变(cervical intraepithelial neoplasja,CIN)Ⅰ/Ⅱ/Ⅲ和宫颈鳞癌患者福尔马林浸泡与石蜡包埋组织标本共178例,提取DNA并采用PCR方法对EBV和HPV DNA进行检测;用免疫组织化学方法检测宫颈癌EBV蛋白表达。结果:病毒DNA检测结果显示,宫颈炎、CINⅠ、CINⅡ～Ⅲ和宫颈癌患者各组HPVDNA检出率依次足2.5%、12.5%、68.0%、96.4%,EBV DNA为0、3.1%、28.0%和69.6%,其中宫颈炎组与CINⅡ～Ⅲ和宫颈癌组问的差异具有统计学意义(P均0.05),但宫颈炎与CINI组间的差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。宫颈病变病理进程不仅伴随着HPV及EBVDNA阳性检出率梯度上升,而且与HPV和EBV双重感染检出率增高呈正相关(r=0.46,X~2=82.50,P0.001)。对宫颈癌组织进行免疫组织化学分析,发现EBV DNA检测阳性标本中EBV蛋白阳性表达检出率为89.7%(34/39),而阴性标本中蛋白表达阳性率为6%(1/17)。结论:维吾尔族妇女宫颈癌的发生与发展可能与HPV和EBV双重感染密切相关。     

The DNA Methyltransferase 3B -149 Genetic Polymorphism Modulates Lung Cancer Risk from Smoking

Background: Smoking can cause increase of DNA methylation and hypermethylation of tumor suppressor genes, this possible contributing to subsequent lung cancer development. DNA methyltransferase 3B (DNMT3B) is crucial in regulation of DNA methylation and it has been proposed that green tea might lower cancer risk through inhibiting its activity. Here, we designed a case-control study to investigate whether the DNMT3B -149 genetic polymorphism could modulate lung cancer risk due to smoking. Possible interactions of smoking and green tea consumption with this DNMT3B genetic polymorphism were also assessed. Materials and Methods: A total of 190 lung cancer patients and 380 healthy controls were recruited. Questionnaires were administered to obtain data on sociodemographic and lifestyle variables, as well as family history of lung cancer. Genotypes for DNMT3B -149 were identified by polymerase chain reaction. Results: Smoking, green tea consumption, exposure to cooking fumes, family history of lung cancer, and the DNMT3B -149 genotype (odds ratio (OR)=2.65; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.15-6.10) were all significantly associated with the development of lung cancer. Smokers carrying the DNMT3B -149 TT genotype were at elevated risk compared to non-smokers carrying DNMT3B -149 (OR=7.69; 95% CI 2.55-23.14). Interaction of smoking with DNMT3B -149 genotypes was significant regarding lung cancer risk. However, interaction between green tea drinking and DNMT3B -149 genotypes was not. Conclusions: The DNMT3B -149 TT genotype might increase the smoking-associated lung cancer risk.