N-乙酰半胱氨酸对重症急性胰腺炎大鼠肺损伤作用的实验研究

目的:探讨N-乙酰半胱氨酸(NAC)对重症急性胰腺炎(SAP)大鼠肺损伤的作用。方法:雄性SD大鼠30只,随机分为假手术组(SO组)、SAP组、NAC组。胆胰管逆行注射5%牛磺胆酸钠制备SAP模型,造模后30min腹腔注射5%NAC(0.2ml/100g)干预SAP模型,12h后处死大鼠。检测各组血清淀粉酶(AMY)、肺组织髓过氧化物酶(MPO)、胰腺和肺组织病理学评分、肺组织肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)和细胞间粘附分子-1(ICAM-1)mRNA表达的变化。结果:与SO组比较,SAP组AMY、MPO、胰腺和肺组织病理学评分明显升高(P<0.01),TNF-α和ICAM-1mRNA表达明显增强(P<0.01);应用NAC处理后,AMY和MPO水平下降,胰腺和肺组织损伤缓解,TNF-α和ICAM-1mRNA表达减弱,与SAP组有明显差异(P<0.01)。结论:NAC对SAP大鼠肺损伤具有保护作用,其机制可能与抑制肺组织TNF-α和ICAM-1mRNA的表达有关。     

N-乙酰半胱氨酸对顺铂导致肾毒性的保护作用及作用机制分析

目的:通过动物实验分析探讨N-乙酰半胱氨酸对于顺铂诱导的肾毒性和肾损伤的保护功能及其机制,为临床药理研究提供参考。方法:选取60只BALB/c小鼠,雌雄各半,喂养7 d后腹腔注射20 mg/kg的顺铂,持续注射3 d诱导并建立急性肾损伤小鼠模型(AKI),后随机分为6组,A组给予5 mg/kg顺铂,B组给予250μg/(100 g·d)的N-乙酰半胱氨酸,C组给予5 mg/kg顺铂+250μg/(100 g·d)的N-乙酰半胱氨酸;D组给予500μg/(100 g·d)的N-乙酰半胱氨酸;E组给予5 mg/kg顺铂+500μg/(100 g·d)的N-乙酰半胱氨酸,F组注射生理盐水做对照,连续治疗7 d后,抽取小鼠眼球血,测定生化指标、炎症因子水平;做肾脏病理切片图评价肾损伤水平,并加以比较。结果:在给药前,6组小鼠的血肌酐(Scr)、尿素氮(BUN)、肾损伤评分(RIS)、肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)、谷胱甘肽(GSH)水平比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);给药后,6组上述指标差异有统计学意义(P<0.05):①血清Scr、BUN、TNF-α和肾损伤评分RIS:A组&...     

N-乙酰半胱氨酸对碘海醇所致糖尿病大鼠肾损伤的保护作用

目的观察N-乙酰半胱氨酸对碘海醇所致糖尿病大鼠肾损伤的保护作用,从而对临床治疗碘海醇导致的糖尿病肾损伤提供理论依据。方法清洁级糖尿病大鼠45只,体重250～300 g,通过股静脉注射碘海醇法建立糖尿病对比剂肾损伤模型,模型成功后,随机分为碘海醇组(NL组)、N-乙酰半胱氨酸组(NAL组),假手术组(Sham组),分别于建模后24h、48h、72h处死大鼠,观察各组大鼠血肌酐(Scr)和血尿素氮(BUN)的浓度;HE染色观察肾脏病理学变化;ELISA检测血清中总超氧化物歧化酶(T-SOD)、丙二醇(MDA)和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GPX)的含量浓度;TUNEL检测肾上皮细胞凋亡情况;Westernblot检测Bcl-2、Bax、caspase-3蛋白表达。结果 NL组肾损伤严重,细胞凋亡明显,血浆总Scr、BUN、MDA、Bax、caspase-3水平明显升高,T-SOD、GPX、Bcl-2明显降低。N-乙酰半胱氨酸可以减轻碘海醇所致的糖尿病大鼠肾损伤,抑制细胞凋亡,血浆总T-SOD、GPX、Bcl-2明显升高,Scr、BUN、MDA、Bax、caspase-3明显降低。结论 N-乙酰半胱氨酸对糖尿病肾损伤大鼠的保护作用可能与其调控肾脏组织中Bcl-2、Bax及caspase-3蛋白表达介导肾小管上皮细胞凋亡有关。     

复合N-乙酰半胱氨酸丝素蛋白磷酸钙骨水泥的理化性能及细胞毒性

BACKGROUND: Calcium phosphate cements (CPCs) possess the bio-degradation and osteoconduction, and its final hydration product, hydroxyapatite, is the main inorganic constituent of bones. However, its poor mechanical property makes it unable to be used for repairing weight-bearing bone defects. OBJECTIVE: To develop a kind of bioactive bone cements with decent biomechanical property and biocompatibility. METHODS: 6% silk fibroin aqueous solutions containing different concentrations of N-acetylcysteine (0, 10 and 25 mmol/L) were prepared. Each cement sample was prepared by mixing the curing liquid and α-tricalcium phosphate powder with the ratio of 0.4 mL: 1 g; α-tricalcium phosphate powder mixed with ddH2O as control group. The compressive strength, setting time of the cements were measured. The crystal components of the cements were characterized using X-ray diffraction and the microstructure was observed using scanning electron microscope. MC3T3-E1 cells were seeded onto the material in each group, and cell morphology was observed under scanning electron microscope at 24 hours. MC3T3-E1 cells were cultured in the extract of each material, cell proliferation was detected at 1, 3, 5 and 7 days, and the lactate dehydrogenase level was detected at 1 and 3 days. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscope showed that the final hydration products of α-tricalcium phosphate in all specimens were hydroxyapatite. When the concentration of N-acetylcysteine was 25 mmol/L, the compressive strength of the material reached (49.39±1.68) MPa, with the initial setting time of (21.77±1.07) minutes and the final setting time of (31.88±1.69) minutes. There was no significant difference in cell morphology among cements. These results suggest that the cement containing N-acetylcysteine exhibites good biocompatibility and high mechanical strength.     

施万细胞诱导共培养骨髓基质细胞向多巴胺能神经元分化

观察施万细胞(SCs)对骨髓基质细胞(BMSCs)的诱导分化作用。分离和体外培养SD大鼠SCs和BMSCs,分为SCs+BMSCs共培养(实验组)和BMSCs单独培养(对照组)。用流式细胞仪(FCM),S100、Brdu/nestin、Brdu/TH免疫荧光法分别鉴定BMSCs、SCs和BMSCs的分化情况。第2代SCs呈S100阳性,第3代BMSCs呈CD29和CD90阳性,CD45阴性。二者共培养3d后,可见Brdu/nestin免疫荧光双标细胞,阳性率达28.3±1.3%,与对照组比较,P<0.05。7d后,Brdu/nestin双标细胞减少,出现Brdu/TH免疫荧光双标细胞,阳性率为19.2±1.6%,与对照组比较,P<0.05。而对照组始终只见Brdu单标细胞。上述结果表明SCs可诱导共培养的BMSCs分化为DA能神经元。     

经羟基磷灰石涂层的外固定针与骨髓基质细胞生物相容性研究

目的探讨经羟基磷灰石(hydroxyapatite,HA)涂层的外固定材料与骨髓基质细胞(bone marrow stromal cell,BMSc)的生物相容性。方法通过经HA涂层的外固定材料与BMSc体外细胞培养实验,进行细胞形态学观察和细胞增殖、碱性磷酸酶活性测定。结果扫描电镜观察:较空白组和对照组,实验组细胞在涂层表面细胞贴附良好,细胞伸出较多伪足;细胞生长良好;细胞增殖,第5,8,12天有显著差异(<0.05);ALP活性,第6天试验组间有显著性差异(<0.05)。该生物材料对BMSc增殖、分化及分泌功能无抑制作用。结论经HA涂层的外固定材料具有良好的生物相容性。     

N-乙酰半胱氨酸对COPD大鼠Clara细胞及CC16的影响

目的：观察抗氧化剂N-乙酰半胱氨酸(NAC)干预对大鼠慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）模型Clara细胞数量及其分泌蛋白CC16表达的影响。方法:单纯熏香烟法建立Wistar大鼠COPD模型。将大鼠随机分为对照组、COPD组和NAC干预组,每组10只。应用透射电镜观察COPD大鼠肺组织Clara细胞超微结构的变化。免疫组织化学方法检测各组大鼠肺组织Clara细胞数量。酶联免疫吸附法检测支气管肺泡灌洗液(BALF)和血清中CC16含量。RT-PCR法检测肺组织中CC16mRNA的含量。结果:COPD组大鼠终末细支气管上皮Clara细胞占上皮细胞的百分比明显低于对照组（P<0.01）；NAC干预组明显高于COPD组（P<0.01）。COPD组大鼠BALF和血清中CC16蛋白水平明显低于对照组（P<0.01）；NAC干预组明显高于COPD组（P<0.05）。COPD组大鼠肺组织中CC16 mRNA的含量明显低于对照组和NAC干预组（均P<0.01）。结论:COPD大鼠的气道炎症可导致Clara细胞数量及CC16的合成及分泌量减少,抗氧化剂NAC可通过促进CC16的合成和分泌抑制气道炎症反应。     

IL-1和IL-6对多发性骨髓瘤细胞与骨髓基质细胞粘附作用的影响

多发性骨髓瘤(ＭＭ)患者外周血中存在骨髓瘤细胞前体细胞,而骨髓瘤细胞却很少在外周循环中出现[1]。为了探讨骨髓瘤细胞和骨髓基质细胞(ＢＭＳＣｓ)之间关系及ＭＭ患者ＢＭＳＣｓ的特性和功能,我们建立了人ＢＭＳＣｓ培养方法,研究了骨髓瘤细胞与ＢＭＳＣｓ的粘附效应以及ＩＬ1、ＩＬ6和骨髓瘤细胞与ＢＭＳＣｓ粘附效应的影响。1　材料和方法11　细胞株　人骨髓瘤细胞株ＫＭ3由昆明医学生物学研究所1988年所建。12　主要试剂　重组人ＩＬ1、ＩＬ6购自原平生物技术公司。13　研究对象　确诊ＭＭ患者16例,平均年龄58岁;其中初治7例,难治性ＭＭ…     

N-乙酰半胱氨酸抑制IL-18在血管平滑肌细胞中诱导TNF-α和IL-6表达

目的:研究N-乙酰半胱氨酸(NAC)对白细胞介素18(IL-18)诱导血管平滑肌细胞(VSMC)中肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)及白细胞介素6(IL-6)表达的影响。方法:培养的VSMC细胞,加入或不加入NAC(5mmol/L)处理1h后,再以不同浓度的IL-18刺激不同时间,通过ELISA测定培养上清IL-6及TNF-α蛋白质水平,加入IL-18(100μg/L)6h后RT-PCR分析细胞中相应的mRNA水平。同时Westernblot分析NAC对IL-18激活的NF-κB的影响。结果:通过IL-18刺激的VSMC培养上清中的IL-6及TNF-α水平及细胞中的mRNA水平显著升高(P0.01),且具有时间和剂量依赖关系(P0.01)。NAC(5mmol/L)显著抑制IL-18诱导的IL-6及TNF-α的mRNA和蛋白质水平表达(P0.01)。Westernblot分析显示NAC能够抑制IL-18对NF-κB的激活作用。结论:NAC体外可以抑制IL-18在SMC中诱导的IL-6及TNF-α表达。     

依达拉奉对骨髓基质干细胞氧化损伤的调节作用

背景：既往依达拉奉作为抗氧化剂对神经细胞氧化损伤的保护作用已得到证实,但其对骨髓基质干细胞氧化损伤的保护作用未见明确报道及深入研究。 目的：观察依达拉奉对骨髓基质干细胞在氧化损伤中的调节作用。 方法：通过冲洗髓腔的方法提取新西兰大耳白兔的长骨骨髓,然后应用密度梯度离心联合贴壁筛选的方法体外培养获得骨髓基质干细胞。实验将第3代骨髓基质干细胞分为5组：空白组仅加入体积分数为10%胎牛血清、1%的双抗的低糖DMEM培养液;地塞米松组加入含有1×10-7 mol/L地塞米松的细胞培养液,不含有依达拉奉;50,100,300 mg/L依达拉奉组分别加入1×10-7 mol/L的地塞米松和质量浓度为50,100,300 mg/L的依达拉奉,培养后分别用四甲基偶氮唑蓝法、流式细胞仪法检测细胞增殖水平及细胞周期。 结果与结论：依达拉奉组较空白组及地塞米松组细胞增殖水平明显增强,依达拉奉对骨髓基质干细胞起到了保护作用,当依达拉奉质量浓度为50 mg/L时即发挥作用(P < 0.05),并且与依达拉奉的质量浓度有一定的量效关系,当依达拉奉质量浓度为100 mg/L时,其保护作用明显提高(P < 0.01),但随着质量浓度的增加,这种保护作用没有进一步增加,反而稍有下降。结果表明：高浓度地塞米松可以使骨髓基质干细胞受到氧化损伤,依达拉奉可以通过抗氧化作用保护骨髓基质干细胞免受氧化损伤。中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：干细胞;骨髓干细胞;造血干细胞;脂肪干细胞;肿瘤干细胞;胚胎干细胞;脐带脐血干细胞;干细胞诱导;干细胞分化;组织工程全文链接：     

芒果苷对缺氧损伤骨髓间充质干细胞的保护作用

背景：研究表明骨髓间充质干细胞移植在临床治疗方面具有广阔的应用前景。然而,移植细胞的死亡限制了组织再生,寻找新的抗自由基和保护骨髓间充质干细胞的药物有着重要意义。 目的：研究芒果苷对体外培养大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞缺氧损伤的保护作用。 方法：采用氯化钴(CoCl2)建立体外培养的大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞缺氧损伤模型。将细胞分为正常对照组、氯化钴缺氧损伤组、氯化钴加芒果苷20,40,80,160 µmol/L组。缺氧损伤12,24 h检测各组骨髓间充质干细胞培养上清液中超氧化物歧化酶、丙二醛、过氧化氢酶水平。缺氧损伤3,6,12,24 h检测各组骨髓间充质干细胞内活性氧变化。 结果与结论：芒果苷能明显提高缺氧损伤的骨髓间充质干细胞的存活率,提高细胞内超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化氢酶活性,降低细胞内丙二醛、活性氧水平,有效保护缺氧损伤下的骨髓间充质干细胞。芒果苷具有较强的抗氧化能力及缺氧保护作用,可明显减轻骨髓间充质干细胞的氧化应激损伤。中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：干细胞;骨髓干细胞;造血干细胞;脂肪干细胞;肿瘤干细胞;胚胎干细胞;脐带脐血干细胞;干细胞诱导;干细胞分化;组织工程全文链接：     

Heterologous antisera against stromal mechanocytes of bone marrow

Heterologous rabbit antifibroblast serum (AFS) against stromal fibroblasts of guinea pig bone marrow was obtained. Both in the cytological reaction for adherent cells and in the indirect immunofluorescence test AFS specifically bound fibroblasts and their precursor cells (but not macrophages) in monolayer primary cultures of bone marrow, thymus, and spleen cells, and also precursor cells of fibroblasts of the blood and peritoneal exudate of guinea pigs (in the cytotoxic reaction). Fibroblast precursor cells of the thymus were more sensitive to the action of AFS than splenic and bone marrow cells, which suggests a higher concentration of common tissue-specific antigens on the stromal mechanocytes of the thymus. Precursor cells of stromal fibroblasts in native cell suspensions were essentially more sensitive to the cytotoxic action of AFS than colony-forming fibroblasts from passage cultures.Laboratory of Immunomorphology, N. F. Gamaleya Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR, Moscow. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR P. A. Vershilova.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 85, No. 4, pp. 451–454, April, 1978.     

硫化氢抑制顺铂致人骨髓间充质干细胞的损伤

背景：在使用顺铂进行化疗时,常因造血干细胞损伤造成严重的骨髓抑制,而目前临床上还没有一种有效的化疗细胞保护剂来减轻其不良反应。 目的：探讨硫化氢对顺铂致人骨髓间充质干细胞损伤的保护作用。 方法：应用硫氢化钠作为硫化氢的供体,用不同浓度的硫氢化钠与顺铂同时作用于人骨髓间充质干细胞48 h后,甲氮甲唑蓝法(MTT)检测细胞存活率,Hoechst33258染色检测细胞凋亡,Western blot检测蛋白的表达。 结果与结论：MTT检测发现顺铂可降低骨髓间充质干细胞的存活率,硫氢化钠可呈浓度依赖性的对抗顺铂对人骨髓间充质干细胞生长的抑制作用,0.5,1 mmol/L 硫氢化钠与20 mg/L顺铂共同作用人骨髓间充质干细胞48 h后会引起NF-κB(p65)上调和IκB-α的下调,1 mmol/L 硫氢化钠与20 mg/L顺铂在作用6 h后磷酸化蛋白激酶1/2明显上调。结果提示,硫化氢可能通过蛋白激酶-NF-κB信号通路来抑制顺铂致人骨髓间充质干细胞的损伤作用。     

Monoclonal antibody against bone marrow stromal cells. Its production and characterization.

Bone marrow stromal cells play an essential role in the proliferation and differentiation of hematopoietic stem cells (1, 2). As a means of analyzing of the bone marrow microenvironment immunohistochemically, we attempted to produce a rat monoclonal antibody against the murine preadipocyte line H-1 derived from long-term bone marrow culture (LTBMC) of C57BL/6 mice (3, 4). A newly established monoclonal antibody, designated R4-A9, was obtained from a hybridoma prepared by fusion of Y.B2/3.0Ag20(YO) rat myeloma cells with spleen cells of LEW rats immunized with H-1 cells. The immunofluorescence of live H-1 cells showed that the antigen reacting with this antibody was strongly expressed on the cell surface. The specificity of R4-A9 was assessed immunohistochemically on frozen sections of various tissues from normal adult mice. R4-A9 demonstrated specificity for hematopoietic stroma in bone marrow and spleen. No staining was observed in thymus, lymph nodes or other tissues examined, with the exception of Leydig cells in the testis and the endothelium of small arteries in several organs. Detailed immunohistochemical observations at both the light microscopy and electron microscopy level showed that R4-A9 selectively reacted with the sinusoidal endothelium, perisinusoidal adventitial cells (5) (adventitial reticular cells (6] and intersinusoidal reticular cells (5) and the reticular cells of the splenic red pulp. These findings indicate that reticular cells and the endothelium of the bone marrow possess the common cell surface molecules recognized by R4-A9. SDS-PAGE analysis showed that R4-A9-immunoprecipitated proteins had a molecular mass of 100 kDa under reducing conditions.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

病毒转染骨髓基质干细胞在不同移植点对颅脑损伤的保护

BACKGROUND:Bone marrow stromal cells can differentiate into nerve cells to promote nerve tissue repair, but the exact mechanism has not been fully elucidated. OBJECTIVE:To explore the influence of adenovirus-mediated β nerve growth factor transfection on bone marrow stromal stem cell transplantation fighting against brain injury in rats. METHODS:(1) Rat bone marrow stromal stem cells were cultured in vitro, transfected with the adenovirus-mediated β nerve growth factor and directionally induced using β-mercaptoethanol. (2) A total of 210 Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized into induction+tranfection group, induction+non-transfection group, induction+medium group, model group, and sham group (n=42 per group). Rat skull injury models were made, and given corresponding treatments at different time points (12, 24, 36, 48, 72 hours). Neurological function of rats was evaluated based on neurological severity scores on the day that the rats were given transplantation, and 1, 2, 3, 4 weeks after transplantation. (3) Another 75 Sprague-Dawley rats were also divided into five groups (n=15 per group) as above, followed by model establishment and corresponding treatments at 24 hours after modeling. Neurological severity scores were recorded at the same day, 1, 2, 3, 4 weeks after transplantation. Five rats from each group were sacrificed to detect levels of malondialdehyde and superoxide dismutase in the rat brain at the same day, 2 and 4 weeks after transplantation, respectively. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:If the cells were transplanted within 48 hours after modeling, the neurological severity scores in the induction+transfection group decreased significantly compared with the induction+non-transfection group and model group at 1 and 2 weeks after transplantation (P < 0.05). If the cells were transplanted at different time, the neurological severity scores in the induction+transfection group were decreased significantly compared with the induction+non-transfection group and model group at 3 and 4 weeks after transplantation (P < 0.05). If the cells were transplanted within 24 hours after modeling, the neurological severity scores in the induction+transfection group decreased significantly compared with the model group at 1 week after transplantation (P < 0.05), and the neurological severity scores in the induction+transfection group and induction+non-transfection group both were significantly lower than those in the model group (P < 0.05). Two weeks after cell transplantation, the level of superoxide dismutase was significantly higher in the induction+transfection group than the induction+medium group and model group (P < 0.05), but the level of malondialdehyde was significantly lower (P < 0.05). All these findings indicate that adenovirus-mediated β nerve growth factor transfer plays a certain neuroprotective role in bone marrow stromal stem cell transplantation for brain injury in rats.     

Raf inhibition protects cortical cells against beta-amyloid toxicity

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the main cause of dementia in the elderly. The discovery of new targets of therapeutic intervention is fundamental to the development of new drugs against AD pathology. Upregulation of cRaf-1 has been found post-mortem in the brains of AD patients. cRaf-1 is a cytosolic protein kinase that regulates neuronal survival and senescence. In this study, we investigated cRaf-1 in the brains of aged APPswe mice presenting AD-like pathology and whether Raf inhibitors protected cultured cortical cells against amyloid beta toxicity (Abeta). We found a dysregulation of cRaf-1 in the cortex of APPswe mice, which showed a 147% increase in the active form phosphorylated at serine 338 and a 40% decrease in the levels of the inactive form of cRaf-1, phospho-cRaf-1[Ser259]. Furthermore, treatment of primary cortical neurons with the cRaf-1 inhibitors, GW5074 or ZM336372, and the nuclear factor kappa B (NFkappaB) inhibitor SN50, protected cortical neurons against Abeta toxicity. Since Raf stimulates NFkappaB, we studied the effect of Raf inhibition on its activation by studying changes in NFkappaB phosphorylation at serine 276. Our results suggest that Raf inhibition with GW5074 is neuroprotective against Abeta toxicity through a mechanism that involves NFkappaB inhibition.     

骨髓基质干细胞治疗骨不连的新进展

背景：骨髓基质干细胞体外培养增殖力强、易于向成骨细胞及软骨细胞方向分化且成骨性能稳定等特点,成为骨组织工程中合适的种子细胞。 目的：总结分析采用骨髓基质干细胞作为种子细胞,分析其直接移植于骨不连部位或复合支架或转基因治疗骨不连所具有的优劣势。 方法：检索1992/2011西文生物医学期刊文献数据及CNKI 数据库有关骨不连研究,骨髓基质干细胞分离、培养,在骨不连方面的应用,骨组织工程细胞支架方面的文献,英文检索词为“bone marrow stromal stem cells,nonunions, repairing,tissue engineering”,中文检索词为“骨髓基质干细胞,骨修复,骨不连,组织工程”。排除重复性研究,保留23篇进一步归纳总结。 结果与结论：利用骨髓基质干细胞作为种子细胞,直接植入骨不连部位,或与适当的支架材料结合,或用骨髓基质干细胞作为靶细胞,导入外源目的基因诱导成骨的基因治疗来修复骨缺损的方法,给骨缺损的治疗带来光明的前景。但同时也存在骨髓基质干细胞增殖、分化合适条件难以准确确定,经皮移植自体骨髓基质干细胞植入体内后容易流失,不能在植入部位形成有效的细胞浓度,支架材料尚不能完全符合临床要求,以及如何将骨组织工程与基因治疗的方法结合起来等问题,需要进一步的研究。