Intensity-modulated chemoradiation for treatment of stage III and IV oropharyngeal carcinoma: the University of California-San Francisco experience

BACKGROUND: Treatment outcomes for stage III and IV oropharyngeal carcinoma treated with intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) and concurrent chemotherapy without prior surgical resection were reviewed. METHODS: Between April 2000 and September 2004, 71 patients underwent IMRT concurrent with chemotherapy without prior surgical resection for stage III and IV oropharyngeal carcinoma. Chemotherapy was platinum based. The gross tumor volume (GTV) received 70 Gy in 2.12 Gy per fraction. The high-risk clinical tumor volume (CTV) received 59.4 Gy in 1.80 Gy per fraction, and the low-risk CTV received 54 Gy in 1.64 Gy per fraction. RESULTS: With a median follow-up of 33 months, the 3-year local, regional, and locoregional progression-free probabilities were 94%, 94%, and 90%, respectively. The 3-year overall survival estimate was 83%. Locoregional failures occurred in the GTV in 7 patients. Acute grade 3 or 4 toxicity developed in 35 patients. A feeding gastrostomy was placed in 25 patients. Late xerostomia was grade 0 in 16 patients, grade 1 in 31 patients, and grade 2 in 24 patients at last follow-up. No patients experienced grade 3 or 4 late toxicity, except for 1 who developed osteoradionecrosis of the mandible. CONCLUSIONS: Excellent local and regional control was achieved with IMRT and concurrent chemotherapy without prior surgical resection in the treatment of stage III and IV oropharyngeal carcinoma. Significant sparing of the parotid glands and other critical normal tissues was possible using IMRT with moderate acute toxicities and minimal severe late effects.     

Induction chemotherapy followed by alternating chemo-radiotherapy in non-endemic undifferentiated carcinoma of the nasopharynx: optimal compliance and promising 4-year results

Concomitant chemo-radiotherapy is the standard treatment for advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Induction chemotherapy may improve the results further by enhancing both loco-regional and distant control. Fifty patients with untreated, stage IV (UICC 1992) undifferentiated NPC were initially treated with three courses of epidoxorubicin, 90 mg/m(2), day 1 and cisplatin, 40 mg/m(2), days 1 and 2, every three weeks and then underwent three courses of cisplatin, 20 mg/m(2)/day, days 1-4 and fluorouracil, 200mg/m(2)/day, days 1-4 (weeks 1, 4, 7), alternated to three splits of radiation (week 2-3, 5-6, 8-9-10) up to 70 Gy. All patients but one received 3 cycles of induction chemotherapy. Toxicities from induction chemotherapy were grade III or IV mucositis (2%), grade III or IV nausea/vomiting (22%), grade III or IV hematological toxicity (6%). At the end of induction phase 12% of CRs, 84% of PRs were recorded. Toxicities from alternating chemo-radiotherapy were grade III or IV mucositis (30%), grade III or IV nausea/vomiting (8%), grade III or IV hematological toxicity (24%). Overall, 86% of CRs and 14% of PRs were observed. Four-year progression free survival and overall survival rates are 71% and 81%, respectively. In a small number of patients studied, no correlation between the level of EGFR overexpression and outcomes was detected. In locally advanced UNPC our combined program including induction chemotherapy followed by alternating chemo-radiotherapy is active and gives promising long-term outcomes with acceptable toxicity and optimal patients' compliance. This program merits to be tested in a phase III trial.     

化疗联合调强放疗治疗老年（≥65岁）局部晚期鼻咽癌的疗效及安全性

目的:探讨化疗联合调强放疗治疗老年（≥65岁）局部晚期鼻咽癌的疗效及安全性。方法:回顾性分析2012年01月至2017年02月我院肿瘤放射治疗科收治的老年局部晚期鼻咽癌患者的临床资料,将初次经调强放疗（intensity modulated radiation therapy,IMRT）的45例患者作为IMRT组。用成组匹配的方法（匹配条件:年龄、性别、病理类型、TNM分期、T分期、N分期、合并症）选取同期经IMRT/化疗（chemotherapy,CT)治疗的老年局部晚期鼻咽癌患者45例,作为IMRT/CT组。比较两组的近期疗效及毒副反应发生率。结果:IMRT/CT组和IMRT组鼻咽部完全缓解率分别为88.9%和82.2%,淋巴结区完全缓解率为76.5%和73.0%。IMRT/CT组和IMRT组1年、3年OS分别为91.1%和88.9%、71.1%和68.9%,1年、3年PFS分别为82.2%和77.8%、64.4%和57.8%。IMRT/CT组出现3-4级白细胞减少、呕吐、黏膜炎人数明显高于IMRT组患者,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论:化疗联合IMRT并不能明显改善老年（≥65岁）局部晚期鼻咽癌患者的生存预后,且增加了治疗相关的3-4级毒副反应发生率,单独的IMRT可能是老年局部晚期鼻咽癌患者的一种低毒性的有效治疗方法。     

多西他赛联合奈达铂同步调强适形放疗治疗局部晚期鼻咽癌的临床研究

  目的  观察比较调强放疗联合化疗与单纯调强适形放疗治疗鼻咽癌的临床疗效、急性反应及晚期损伤。  方法  初治鼻咽癌患者72例,均为Ⅲ~Ⅳa期;随机接受单纯根治性放疗+序贯化疗（30例）和同步放化疗+序贯化疗（42例）。鼻咽和颈部靶体积均采用调强适形放疗（intensity modulated radiation therapy,IMRT）技术照射。采用Kaplan-Meier法进行生存分析,RTOG/ EORTC标准评价急性反应和晚期损伤。  结果  本组中位随访时间13.5个月,单纯放疗组1、2年局部区域无进展和无远处转移生存率及总生存率分别为95.0%、80.0%、95.0%和80.0%、60.0%、75.0%;同步放化疗组1、2年局部区域无进展和无远处转移生存率及总生存率分别为100%、96.4%、96.4%和100%、92.9%、92.9%;两组间2年局部区域无进展生存率（χ2=3.951,P=0.047）和无远处转移生存率（χ2=3.858,P=0.049）差异有统计学意义,2年总生存率差异无统计学意义（χ2=1.334,P=0.248）。多数患者仅表现为1~2级放疗急性反应和0~1级放疗晚期损伤,两组差异均无统计学意义（P > 0.05）,未观察到4级急性反应和晚期损伤;在晚期损伤症口干表现中,两组差异有统计学意义（P < 0.05）。化疗相关不良反应中,两组的白细胞、中性粒细胞抑制及消化道反应差异有统计学意义（P < 0.05）;体重下降方面两组差异无统计学意义（P > 0.05）。  结论  IMRT联合同步化疗治疗局部晚期鼻咽癌患者可获得较好的局部区域及远处转移控制率,两者急性放射损伤无显著性差异;晚期损伤方面联合治疗患者较易出现口干等症状;联合治疗组亦能顺利完成治疗。      

局部晚期鼻咽癌吉西他滨和顺铂联合调强放疗Ⅱ期临床试验

目的 评价吉西他滨和顺铂与调强放疗序贯治疗局部晚期鼻咽癌的疗效和不良反应。方法 71例局部晚期鼻咽癌(Ⅲ期 41例、Ⅳ_A期 30例)患者接受新辅助化疗、调强放疗、辅助化疗,新辅助化疗、辅助化疗各2个疗程\[吉西他滨1000 mg/m²,第1、8天静脉滴注(>30 min);顺铂 25 mg/m²,第 1~3天,静脉滴注;21 d为1个疗程\]。调强放疗鼻咽大体肿瘤体积 66.0~70.4 Gy,颈部淋巴结大体肿瘤体积66 Gy, 临床高危靶体积60 Gy,临床低危靶体积54 Gy。结果 新辅助化疗后的有效率为91.2%,主要急性不良反应为 1~2级骨髓抑制。所有患者随访满 3年,3年鼻咽局部控制率、区域控制率、无远处转移率、总生存率分别为93%、99%、91%、90%。3级晚期不良反应中张口困难 1例、听力下降 2例、颅神经损伤 2例。结论 吉西他滨和顺铂联合调强放疗局部晚期鼻咽癌有效、方便、耐受性良好,值得进一步探索药物最适当的治疗周期。     

Adjuvant concurrent chemoradiotherapy with intensity-modulated pelvic radiotherapy after surgery for high-risk, early stage cervical cancer patients

PURPOSE: This study was undertaken to assess local control and toxicity with adjuvant intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) and concurrent chemotherapy (CCRT) for early stage cervical cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Between June 2004 and February 2007, 54 patients with early stage cervical cancer (stage IB-IIA) with high-risk factors for treatment failure after surgery were treated with adjuvant pelvic IMRT and CCRT. Adjuvant chemotherapy consisted of cisplatin (50 mg/m2) weekly for 4 to 6 courses. All the patients received 50.4 Gy of external beam radiotherapy with IMRT in 28 fractions and 6 Gy of high-dose rate vaginal cuff brachytherapy in 3 insertions. RESULTS: Adjuvant CCRT with IMRT provided good local tumor control in posthysterectomy cervical cancer patients with high-risk pathologic features. The 3-year locoregional control and disease-free survival were 93% and 78%, respectively. Histology and lymph node metastasis were indicators for disease-free survival. Low acute and chronic treatment-related toxicities were noted with IMRT. All the patients completed the radiotherapy treatment without any major toxicity. In terms of chronic toxicity, only 1 patient had grade 3 genitourinary toxicity and none had grade 3 gastrointestinal toxicity. CONCLUSION: Our results indicate that adjuvant CCRT with IMRT technique for adjuvant treatment of early stage cervical cancer is associated with excellent local control and low toxicity.     

Concurrent chemoradiotherapy in locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma: Treatment outcomes of a prospective,multicentric clinical study

Background and purpose

To evaluate long-term outcome in locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) treated with intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) and concurrent chemotherapy.

Material and methods

Between January 2006 and August 2008, 249 patients with stage III–IVb NPC were treated by IMRT plus concurrent chemotherapy in this multicenter prospective study.

Results

With a mean follow-up of 54.1 months, the 5-year actuarial rates of overall survival (OS), local recurrence-free survival (LRFS), regional recurrence-free survival (RRFS), and distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS) were 78.4%, 86.8%, 88.4%, 78.0%, respectively. There were 29 local recurrences, 25 regional recurrences and 52 distant metastases, respectively. Distant metastasis is the main cause of treatment failure. N-stage was an independent prognostic factor for LRFS, RRFS, DMFS and OS. Acute toxicity ?grade III mainly consisted of mucositis (34.9%), neutropenia (11.2%), xerostomia (5.6%), and dermatitis (5.2%). The main documented late toxicity was xerostomia, and the severity of xerostomia decreased over time. At 24 months after treatment, 13.2% of patients had grade 2 xerostomia, and none had grade 3 or 4 xerostomia.

Conclusions

IMRT with concurrent cisplatin chemotherapy resulted in encouraging rates of local and distant control and overall survival with acceptable rates of acute and limited rates of late toxicity in patients with locoregionally advanced NPC. Distant metastasis remained the main cause of failure. More effective systemic therapy should be explored for patients with advanced N-stage.     

Treatment Outcome for Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma in University Malaya Medical Centre from 2004-2008

Background: Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is the commonest radiocurable cancer in Malaysia. Thisstudy aimed to determine the treatment outcomes and late effects of radiotherapy for NPC patients treated inUniversity Malaya Medical Centre (UMMC). Materials and Methods: All newly diagnosed patients with NPCreferred for treatment to the Oncology unit at UMMC from 2004-2008 were retrospectively analyzed. Treatmentoutcomes were 5 years overall survival (OS), disease free survival (DFS), cause-specific survival (CSS), locoregionalcontrol (LRC) and radiotherapy-related late effects. The Kaplan-Meier method was used for survivalanalysis and differences in survival according to AJCC stage was compared using the log-rank test. Results: Atotal of 176 patients with newly diagnosed NPC were treated in UMMC during this period. Late presentationwas common, with 33.5% presenting with T3-4 disease, 84.7% with N1-3 disease and 75.6% with AJCC stage3-4 disease. Radical RT was given to 162 patients with 22.7% having RT alone and 69.3% having CCRT. Thestipulated OTT was 7 weeks and 72.2% managed to complete their RT within this time period. Neoadjuvantchemotherapy was given to 14.8% while adjuvant chemotherapy was administered to 16.5%. The 5 years OSwas 51.6% with a median follow up of 58 months. The 5 years OS according to stage were 81.8% for stage I,77.9% for stage II, 47.4% for stage III and 25.9% for stage IV. The 5 years overall CSS, DFS and LRC were54.4%, 48.4% and 70.6%, respectively. RT related late effects were documented in 80.2%. The commonestwas xerostomia (66.7%). Other documented late effects were hearing deficit (17.3%), visual deficit (3.1%),neck stiffness (3.1%) , dysphagia (3.4%), cranial nerve palsy (2.5%), pneumonitis (0.6%) and hypothyroidism(1.2%). Conclusions: The 5 years OS and LRC in this study are low compared to the latest studies especiallythose utilizing IMRT. Implementation of IMRT for NPC treatment should be strongly encouraged.     

Comparison between conventional and intensity-modulated post-operative radiotherapy for stage III and IV oral cavity cancer in terms of treatment results and toxicity

The aim of this study was to assess the treatment results and toxicity profiles of post-operative conventional radiotherapy (Conv-RT) and intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) for stage III and IV oral cavity cancer. During the period from April 2002 to December 2005, a total of 49 patients with stage III and IV squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity were treated with radical surgery followed by post-operative RT. Twenty-seven patients received Conv-RT while 22 received IMRT. Only three patients received adjuvant chemotherapy. With a median follow-up time of 3.3 years, the 3-year overall survival and disease-free survival rates for patients who received Conv-RT vs IMRT were comparable. There was no significant difference in acute toxicity between the two different RT techniques. However, in terms of late toxicity, patients receiving IMRT had significantly less moderate to severe xerostomia and dysphagia than those receiving Conv-RT (36% vs 82%, p=0.01 for xerostomia and 21% vs 59%, p=0.02 for dysphagia). Post-operative Conv-RT and IMRT are equally effective in terms of tumor control for locally advanced oral cavity cancer. Patients receiving IMRT had comparable acute and significant less late toxicity than those receiving Conv-RT.     

Intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) for inoperable non-small cell lung cancer: the Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC) experience.

INTRODUCTION: Intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) is an advanced treatment delivery technique that can improve the therapeutic dose ratio. Its use in the treatment of inoperable non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has not been well studied. This report reviews our experience with IMRT for patients with inoperable NSCLC. METHODS AND MATERIALS: We performed a retrospective review of 55 patients with stage I-IIIB inoperable NSCLC treated with IMRT at our institution between 2001 and 2005. The study endpoints were toxicity, local control, and overall survival. RESULTS: With a median follow-up of 26 months, the 2-year local control and overall survival rates for stage I/II patients were 50% and 55%, respectively. For the stage III patients, 2-year local control and overall survival rates were 58% and 58%, respectively, with a median survival time of 25 months. Six patients (11%) experienced grade 3 acute pulmonary toxicity. There were no acute treatment-related deaths. Two patients (4%) had grade 3 or worse late treatment-related pulmonary toxicity. CONCLUSIONS: IMRT treatment resulted in promising outcomes for inoperable NSCLC patients.     

Acute Toxicity in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Patients Treated with IMRT/VMAT

Purpose: To evaluate acute toxicity in nasopharyngeal cancer (NPC) patients treated with intensity modulatedradiotherapy (IMRT)/volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) with or without cisplatin-based chemotherapy.Materials and Methods: A total of 45 newly diagnosed, histologically proven non-metastatic NPC patients treatedwith IMRT between May 2010 and December 2012, were evaluated retrospectively, 37 planned with Eclipse and8 with Prowess Panther treatment planning system. The doses to the planning target volumes of primary tumorand involved lymph nodes, high risk region, and uninvolved regional nodal areas were 70 Gy, 60 Gy, and 54 Gyrespectively and delivered simultaneously over 33 fractions to 39 patients. Another 6 patients irradiated withsequential boost technique. Some 84.4% of patients received chemotherapy. Acute toxicities were graded accordingto the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group scoring criteria and Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events(CTCAE) for chemotherapy side effects. Results: Median age was 43 years (14-79) and all patients were WHOtype II. Grade 1 mucositis and dysphagia were observed in 17 (37.8%), and 10 (22.2%) patients, respectively.The incidence of acute grade 2 mucositis and dysphagia was 55.6% and 68.9%, respectively. The most commonchemoradiotherapy related acute toxicities were nausea, leucopenia and thrombocytopenia. Grade 3 toxicity wasdetected in 13 (28.8%) cases. No grade 4 toxicity was occurred. Mean weight loss was 9%. None of the patientsrequired the insertion of percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy for nutritional support. Radiation therapy wascompleted without interruption in all patients. Conclusions: IMRT is a safe and effective treatment modality,and well tolerated by patients in the treatment of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. No unexpected side effects wereobserved.     

鼻咽癌小靶区调强放疗及化疗的远期疗效分析

目的 分析鼻咽癌(NPC)缩小临床靶区调强放疗(IMRT)的长期疗效,为小靶区IMRT技术在NPC中应用提供依据。方法 2003-2007年接受IMRT的鼻咽癌患者413例,中位年龄45岁,男311例、女102例。按第6版AJCC分期标准Ⅰ期3例、Ⅱ期66例、Ⅲ期235例、Ⅳ_a期78例、Ⅳ_b期31例。336例患者接受了以铂类为基础的化疗。结果 随访率100%,5年总生存率、局部控制率、无区域复发生存率、无远处转移生存率和无瘤生存率分别为80%、93%、96%、81%和75%。多因素分析提示T分期、N分期、年龄是影响总生存的预后因素(P=0.001、0.001、0.002),T分期、N分期是无远处转移生存的预后因素(P=0.000、0.001)。进展期鼻咽癌患者中诱导化疗组5年总生存有高于无诱导化疗组趋势(78%∶68%,P=0.053),辅助化疗者5年无远处转移生存率低于无辅助化疗者(65%∶83%,P=0.003)。结论 鼻咽癌小靶区IMRT技术安全可靠,远期疗效理想。     

Treatment outcome and toxicity of intensity-modulated (chemo) radiotherapy in stage III non-small cell lung cancer patients

ABSTRACT: PurposeThe aim of this retrospective cohort study was to assess treatment outcome, and acute pulmonary and esophageal toxicity using intensity modulated (sequential/concurrent chemo)radiotherapy (IMRT) in locally advanced stage III non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).Methods and materialsEighty-six patients with advanced stage NSCLC, treated with either IMRT only (66 Gy) or combined with (sequential or concurrent) chemotherapy were retrospectively included in this study. Overall survival and metastasis-free survival were assessed as well as acute pulmonary and esophageal toxicity using the RTOG Acute Radiation Morbidity Scoring Criteria. RESULTS: Irrespective of the treatment modality, the overall survival rate for patients receiving 66 Gy was 71% (+/-11%; 95% CI) after one year and 56% (+/-14%) after two years resulting in a median overall survival of 29.7 months. Metastasis-free survival was 73% (+/-11%) after both one and two years. There were no statistically significant differences between the treatment groups. Treatment related esophageal toxicity was significantly more pronounced in the concurrent chemoradiotherapy group (p = 0.013) with no differences in pulmonary toxicity. CONCLUSIONS: This retrospective cohort study in advanced non-small cell lung cancer patients shows that IMRT is an effective technique with acceptable acute toxicity, also when (sequentially or concomitantly) combined with chemotherapy.     

Long-term outcomes of intensity-modulated radiotherapy for 868 patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma: An analysis of survival and treatment toxicities

Background and purpose

To evaluate the long-term survival outcomes and toxicity of NPC patients treated with intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT).

Materials and methods

From May 2001 to October 2008, 868 non-metastatic NPC patients treated by IMRT were analyzed retrospectively. The Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) criteria were used to assess toxicity.

Results

With a median follow-up of 50 months (range, 5–115 months), the 5-year estimated disease specific survival (DSS), local recurrence-free survival (LRFS), regional recurrence-free survival (RRFS) and distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS) were 84.7%, 91.8%, 96.4% and 84.6%, respectively. Of the 868 patients, 186 (21.3%) developed failure after treatment. Distant metastasis was the major failure pattern after treatment. The 5-year OS rate in patients with stage I, II, III, and IVa–b were 100.0%, 94.3%, 83.6%, and 70.5%, respectively. The 5-year LRFS rate in patients with stage T1, T2, T3, and T4 disease were 100.0%, 96.0%, 90.4%, and 83.3%, respectively (χ² = 26.32, P < 0.001). The 5-year DMFS for N0, N1, N2, and N3 patients were 96.1%, 85.6%, 73.7%, and 62.1%, respectively (χ² = 65.54, P < 0.001). Concurrent chemotherapy failed to improve survival rates for patients with advanced locoregional disease. The most common acute toxicities were mainly in grade 1 or 2. Compared with IMRT alone, IMRT plus concurrent chemotherapy increased the severity of acute toxicities. The incidence of brain radiation damage was relatively high (5.5%, 48/868 cases), and was not observed in patients with stage T1–2.

Conclusion

IMRT for NPC yielded excellent survival outcomes, and distant metastasis was the most commonly seen failure pattern after treatment. The role of concurrent chemotherapy for advanced locoregional stage NPC patients needs to be further investigated. Treatment-related toxicities were well tolerable. However, the incidence of brain radiation damage was relatively high, especially for patients with advanced T-stage.     

Long-term outcome and late toxicities of simultaneous integrated boost-intensity modulated radiotherapy in pediatric and adolescent nasopharyngeal carcinoma

The application of simultaneous integrated boost-intensity modulated radiotherapy (SIB-IMRT) in pediatric and adolescent nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is underevaluated. This study aimed to evaluate long-term outcome and late toxicities in pediatric and adolescent NPC after SIB-IMRT combined with chemotherapy. Thirty-four patients (aged 8-20 years) with histologically proven, non-disseminated NPC treated with SIB-IMRT were enrol ed in this retrospective study. The disease stage distribution was as fol ows:stage I, 1 (2.9%);stage III, 14 (41.2%);and stage IV, 19 (55.9%). Al patients underwent SIB-IMRT and 30 patients also underwent cisplatin-based chemotherapy. The prescribed dose of IMRT was 64-68 Gy in 29-31 fractions to the nasopharyngeal gross target volume. Within the median fol ow-up of 52 months (range, 9-111 months), 1 patient (2.9%) experienced local recurrence and 4 (11.8%) developed distant metastasis (to the lung in 3 cases and to multiple organs in 1 case). Four patients (11.8%) died due to recurrence or metastasis. The 5-year locoregional relapse-free survival, distant metastasis-free survival, disease-free survival, and overal survival rates were 97.1%, 88.2%, 85.3%, and 88.2%, respectively. The most common acute toxicities were grades 3-4 hematologic toxicities and stomatitis. Of the 24 patients who survived for more than 2 years, 16 (66.7%) and 15 (62.5%) developed grades 1-2 xerostomia and ototoxicity, respectively. Two patients (8.3%) developed grade 3 ototoxicity; no grade 4 toxicities were observed. SIB-IMRT combined with chemotherapy achieves excellent long-term locoregional control in pediatric and adolescent NPC, with mild incidence of late toxicities. Distant metastasis is the predominant mode of failure.     

初治鼻咽癌调强放疗的前瞻性多中心临床研究

目的 观察调强放疗(IMRT)初治鼻咽癌的临床疗效及不良反应,并分析影响预后的因素。方法 2006—2008年,6个治疗中心共 300例经病理活检确诊为鼻咽癌的初治患者接受全程IMRT。UICC/AJCC 2002分期Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ_a+b期分别为6、45、141、108例。放疗处方剂量鼻咽原发灶计划把体积为 70~74 Gy,颈部转移淋巴结计划把体积为 68~70 Gy,计划靶体积 -1为 60~64 Gy,计划靶体积 -2为 50~54 Gy,均分30次6周完成。Ⅲ~Ⅳ_a+b期患者接受了以铂类为基础化疗。Cox法多因素预后分析。结果 随访率为99.7%。4年局部控制率、区域控制率、无远处转移率、无瘤生存率及总生存率分别为94.0%、95.5%、87.4%、80.8%及86.1%。急性1、2、3级放射性黏膜炎分别占18.0%、48.7%、33.3%,晚期 0、1、2级口干分别占12.0%、 75.7%、12.3%。18、15、42例出现局部﹑颈部淋巴结复发、远处转移。多因素分析显示N分期影响总生存率(χ²=5.17,P=0.023)、无远处转移率(χ²=6.91,P=0.009)、无瘤生存率(χ²=8.15,P=0.004)。结论 IMRT可提高初治鼻咽癌患者临床疗效,不良反应可耐受,治疗失败最主要原因为远处转移,N分期是影响预后的主要因素。     

Concurrent weekly docetaxel chemotherapy in combination with radiotherapy for stage III and IVA-B nasopharyngeal carcinoma

Background and Purpose: Cisplatin is the most common chemotherapeutic agent for loco-regionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC); however, toxicity is a limiting factor for some patients. We retrospectively compared the efficacy and toxicity of weekly docetaxel-based and cisplatin-based concurrent chemoradiotherapy in loco-regionally advanced NPC. Methods and Materials: Eighty-four patients with Stage III and IVA-B NPCs, treated between 2007 and 2008, were retrospectively analyzed. Thirty received weekly docetaxel-based concurrent chemotherapy, and 43 were given weekly cisplatin-based concurrent chemotherapy. Radiotherapy was administered using a conventional technique (seven weeks, 2.0 Gy per fraction, total dose 70-74 Gy) with 6-8 Gy boosts for some patients with locally advanced disease. Results: Median follow-up time was 42.3 months (range, 8.6-50.8 months). There were no significant differences in the 3-year loco-regional failure-free survival (85.6% vs. 92.3%; p=0.264), distant failure-free survival (87.0% vs. 92.5%; p=0.171), progression-free survival (85.7% vs. 88.4%; p=0.411) or overall survival (86.5% vs. 92.5%, p=0.298) of patients treated concurrently with docetaxel or cisplatin. Severe toxicity was not common in either group. Conclusions: Weekly docetaxel-based concurrent chemoradiotherapy is potentially effective and has a tolerable toxicity; however, further investigations are required to determine if docetaxel is superior to cisplatin for advanced stage NPC.     

30例早期鼻咽癌调强放射治疗疗效分析

目的:探讨调强放射治疗(IMRT)对早期鼻咽癌的近期疗效和不良反应.方法:回顾分析30例早期鼻咽癌患者,鼻咽部和上颈部淋巴引流区采用IMRT技术照射,下颈部淋巴引流区采用颈前野常规照射.鼻咽大体肿瘤体积(GTVnx)处方剂量68Gy-74Gy,颈部淋巴结(GTVnd)处方剂量64Gy-70Gy,临床靶体积(CTV1)处方剂量 60Gy-64Gy,临床靶体积(CTV2)处方剂量 50Gy-54Gy,分30-34次进行照射.对于淋巴结分期为N1的患者,结合淋巴结的情况行诱导化疗和(或)同期化疗2-4周期,N0患者行单纯调强放射治疗.结果:鼻咽大体肿瘤体积(GTVnx)D95平均剂量为74.5Gy,GTVnx V95平均体积99.6%,脊髓D1cc平均剂量41.5Gy,脑干D3平均剂量50.3Gy,左腮腺D50平均剂量32.8Gy,右腮腺D50平均剂量31.4Gy,左颞叶D10平均剂量45.5Gy,右颞叶D10平均剂量45.2Gy,均低于限制剂量.中位随访时间33.5个月(4-45个月).1年、2年、3年的总生存率、无局部复发生存率和无远处转移生存率均为100%.最严重的急性反应是放射性黏膜炎,1-3级分别有 63.3%,30%,和6.7%,晚期不良反应主要表现为口干(Ⅰ度33.3%,Ⅱ度3.7%).结论:IMRT对初治早期鼻咽癌可获得理想的剂量分布,取得较好的近期疗效,正常组织得到很好的保护.     

454例鼻咽癌IMRT±化疗远期疗效及影响因素分析

目的 对454例鼻咽癌IMRT±化疗的远期疗效及影响因素分析。方法 回顾分析本中心2007—2012年采用IMRT±化疗的454例无远处转移鼻咽癌患者资料。放疗处方剂量:鼻咽大体肿瘤69.96~73.92 Gy分33次, 颈部转移淋巴结69.96 Gy分33次, 高危引流区60.06 Gy分33次, 低危引流区50.96 Gy分28次。诱导化疗438例, 同期化疗420例, 辅助化疗216例, 顺铂、紫杉醇为主。Kaplan-Meier法计算生存并Logrank 法检验和单因素预后分析, Cox法多因素预后分析。结果 3年样本数为210例, 3年OS、LRFS、NRFS、PFS、DMFS分别为88.1%、91.0%、90.7%、80.5%、85.1%。影响OS因素有年龄(P=0.011)、T分期(P=0.005)、N分期(P=0.033);T、N分期对DPFS (P=0.017、 0.005)、DMFS (P=0.012、0.019)均有影响。≥3级急性及晚期不良反应主要为血液学、口腔黏膜反应, 口干、吞咽困难和脑损伤。结论 IMRT提高了鼻咽癌患者长期生存, 远处转移是主要失败原因, IMRT联合化疗不良反应能耐受。     

132例鼻咽癌调强放疗长期生存及晚期损伤分析

目的:回顾性分析鼻咽癌调强放疗(IMRT)后长期生存及晚期损伤,为鼻咽癌优化治疗提供参考。方法:纳入2003—2009年间于四川省肿瘤医院行IMRT的132例初治鼻咽癌患者,其中Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ A、Ⅳ B期分别为3、22、61、43、3例。中位剂量73.37Gy (66~85Gy)分33次;单纯...