99Tcm-MIBI乳腺显像在鉴别乳腺肿瘤良恶性 及腋窝淋巴结转移的临床应用研究

目的 评价^99Tc^m—甲氧基异丁基异睛(MIBI)显像在判断乳腺肿块良、恶性及诊断腋窝转移淋巴结中的价值。方法 采用自制乳腺显像装置，经病变乳腺对侧肘静脉注射^99Tc^m—MIBI 555—740MBq后15min即行早期乳腺显像，分别采集正前位、左、右侧位像，采集计数1000k，1．5h后按上述条件作延迟显像。结果 34例乳腺肿块患者^99Tc^m—MIBI核素显像阳性22例，阴性12例；24例乳腺癌患者^99Tc^m—MIBI核素显像阳性20例、阴性4例；10例良性病变中^99Tc^m—MIBI核素显像阴性8例、阳性2例；^99Tc^m—MIBI核素显像诊断乳腺癌的灵敏度为83．3％，特异性80．0％，准确性为82．4％，阳性预测值90．9％，阴性预测值66．7％；^99Tc^m—MIBI核素显像对腋窝淋巴结转移检出的灵敏度为80．0％，特异性为92．9％，阳性预测值88．9％，阴性预测值为86．7％，准确性为87．5％。结论 ^99Tc^m—MIBI显像对触及乳腺肿块的患者能提供非常有价值的临床信息，能较好地鉴别诊断乳腺肿块的良、恶性。     

乳腺癌前哨淋巴结活检的临床研究

目的；探讨亚甲蓝染色法在乳腺癌前哨淋巴结（Sentinel lymphnode，SLN）活检中对腋窝淋巴结（axillary lymphnode。ALN）转移预测的准确性。方法：采用亚甲蓝染色法对56例乳腺癌行腋窝蓝染淋巴结活检，后行常规腋窝淋巴结清扫（axillary lymph node dissection，ALND），两标本均送病理检查。结果：全组56例患者检出SLN54例，未找到SLN2例，检出率为96．4％（54／56）;SLN与ALN病理检查完全符合者53例，准确率为98．1％（53／54），曼敏度为88．9（8／9），假阴性率为11．1％（119）。结论。前哨淋巴结活检能正确反映大多数乳腺癌ALN状态，亚甲蓝染色法可以成功确定SLN．     

探测前哨淋巴结在乳腺癌、早期宫颈癌和头颈鳞癌中的应用

目的评价核素淋巴显像和γ探针定位在乳腺癌、宫颈癌和头颈鳞癌中确定前哨淋巴结(SLN)的应用价值。方法女性乳腺癌116例,体检腋窝未扪及肿块。应用99Tcm-DX37~74MBq(1~2mCi)经皮下注射,或术中注射专利兰1ml,术中用γ探针定位并行前哨淋巴结活检,与手术、病理对照。宫颈癌27例,体检盆腔未扪及肿块。应用99Tcm-DX74MBq(2mCi)在宫颈肿瘤周围2°或10°处或99Tcm-SC74MBq(2mCi)阴道镜直视下四点注射,行核素淋巴显像后,手术后的标本用γ探针行体外定位,并与病理的结果加以对照。N0头颈鳞癌10例,99Tcm-DX74MBq(2mCi)肿瘤周围成分下注射,术中用γ探针定位并行前哨淋巴结活检,与手术、病理对照。结果116例乳腺癌中活检SLN108例,灵敏度为92.6%(22/27例),特异性100%(81/81例)。27例宫颈癌中SLN的灵敏度为100%(6/6例),特异性100%(21/21例)。10例N0头颈鳞癌中SLN转移3例,NSLN转移1例。结论核素淋巴显像和γ探针定位应用于乳腺癌、宫颈癌和N0头颈鳞癌是切实可行和可能的,这是一种简便、安全、易被病人接受的探测前哨淋巴结的检查方法,对预测腋窝淋巴结、盆腔淋巴结等转移有很大的临床实用价值。     

应用RT-PCR检测乳腺癌前哨淋巴结微转移的研究

目的评价前哨淋巴结（SLN）活检及其微转移检测临床意义。方法本组46例原发性乳腺癌患者，应用美蓝进行前哨淋巴结定位和活检，随后行腋窝淋巴结清扫（ALND），行SLN、腋淋巴结（ALN）中CK19的RT-PCR检查。结果46例乳腺癌患者中，41例检测到SLN（89．1％），SLN的成功定位活检与肿瘤大小有关。对上述41例的SLN的常规病理检查的敏感性是75％，准确性是90．2％，假阴性25％。在行RT-PCR检查中，敏感性是96％，准确性是97．6％，假阴性4％。结论RT—PCR法较常规病理更为敏感，通过SLN定位和RT-PCR的联合应用，可明显提高乳腺癌淋巴结微转移的检出率。     

乳腺癌前哨淋巴结活检的临床研究

目的：探讨前哨淋巴结活检(sentinel lymph node biopsy，SLNB)预测乳腺癌腋窝淋巴结(axillary lymoph node，ALN）转移的临床价值及提高其准确性的方法。方法：本组36例临床ALN阴性的乳腺癌患者，用1％美蓝染色，行前哨淋巴结(sentinel bmph node，SLN)活检；随后行腋窝淋巴结清扫(axillary lymph node dissection，ALND)，将SLN做连续病理切片检查。结果：36例中，检出SLN34例，其中32例的SLN可准确预测ALN转移状态。结论：应用美蓝进行SLNB预测ALN转移的方法简单、准确，具有重要的临床应用价值。     

前哨淋巴结活检在乳腺癌中的临床研究

目的：探讨肿瘤前哨淋巴结活检在乳腺癌中应用的可行性。方法；采用术中注射亚甲蓝方法定位前哨淋巴结，对40例乳腺癌行腋窝蓝染淋巴结活检，后行常规腋窝淋巴结清扫，两标本均送病理检查。结果：全组40例患者检出SLN36例，4例未找到SLN，检出率为90％（36／40）；SLN与ALN病理检查完全符合者37例，准确率为92．5％（37／40）；出现淋巴结转移的有16例，其中SLN出现转移的有12例。灵敏度为75％（12／16）；假阴性率为25％（4／16）。T1期20例无假阴性者，准确率100％，T2期20例假阴性者4例，准确率为80％（16／20），假阴性率为20％（4／20）。淋巴结阴性病例前哨淋巴结检出率100％（24／24）明显高于淋巴结阳性者的病例75％（12／16）。结论：前哨淋巴结活检能准确预测乳腺癌腋窝淋巴结状态，术中注射亚甲蓝方法定位前哨淋巴结可以作为检测SLN的常用方法之一。淋巴结阴性的病例前哨淋巴结检出率明显高于淋巴结阳性者的病例。     

非小细胞肺癌前哨淋巴结扫描活检术的临床研究

目的：探讨前哨淋巴结(sentinel lymph node，SLN)活检术在非小细胞肺癌(non-small cell lung cancer，NSCLC)诊断与分期中的作用和应用可行性。方法：研究对象共12例(男性2例，女性10例，平均年龄68．4岁)，临床肿瘤分期为Ⅰ～Ⅱ期。术中将放射性示踪剂^99锝硫胶体(^99Tc6m sulfur colloid，^99Tc^m SC)2m1分别等量注射于肿瘤边缘4个象限，总剂量2mCi。运用手持式γ射线探测扫描仪对研究对象的SLN进行探测扫描并摘取，然后均常规行肺门、纵隔淋巴结清扫术，标本送常规HE染色病理及免疫组化检查。结果：12例中均检出SLN，共19枚；阳性7例，11枚，阳性检出率58．3％，假阴性率20％。结论：SLN活检术在寻找早期转移可能淋巴结方面具有较大临床价值。     

乳腺癌前哨淋巴结活检24例临床分析

目的:探讨检测乳腺癌前哨淋巴结(SLN)的方法,研究前哨淋巴结活组织检查(SLNB)预测腋窝淋巴结状况的准确性。方法:对24例乳腺癌患者行美蓝染色法检测SLN,并行腋窝淋巴结清扫术(ALND)后,将腋窝淋巴结转移状况与SLN进行对比,分析SLN检出率。结果:24例患者检测出SLN 20例,成功率83.33%,检出SLN42个,平均每例检出1.75个。24例中,17例SLN阳性,阳性率70.83%。2例出现假阴性,假阴性率8.34%,S LNB预测腋窝淋巴结(ALN)的敏感性为89.4%,准确率为91.6%。结论:SLND可以较准确预测乳腺癌患者腋窝淋巴结的转移状况。     

PET-CT和SPECT-CT联合在评估颈部淋巴结转移阴性喉鳞癌患者前哨淋巴结微转移中的临床价值

目的评价PET-CT与SPECT-CT联合探测在颈部淋巴结转移阴性(cN0期)喉鳞癌患者颈部前哨淋巴结(SLN)转移中的临床应用价值。方法选取15例cN0期喉鳞癌患者,术前行18F-FDG PET-CT显像疑似淋巴结,同时行99锝m-硫胶体(99Tcm-SC)SPECT-CT显影SLN,二者结合对微转移SLN进行定位及定性,术中利用手持式γ探测仪探测确定SLN,将手术切除的SLN及非SLN行术中快速病理检查判断转移。结果 15例喉鳞癌患者术前经PET-CT显像疑似淋巴结及SPECT-CT显影SLN,2例均未显影。其中有13例PET-CT显像13枚疑似淋巴结,SPECT-CT显影23枚SLN,13枚疑似淋巴结均经CT定位与相应SLN重合。术中γ探测仪探出SLN 22枚,符合率为92.3%。手术切除SLN共计23枚,非SLN共计44枚,6例患者(40%)经病理检查证实淋巴结转移,其中SLN的转移度为21.7%(5/23),高于非SLN转移度2.3%(1/44)(P=0.008)。6例患者转移患者显像淋巴结标准化摄取比值(SUV值)均值为3.51±1.76,高于9例无转移患者显像淋巴结的SUV均值1.58±0.64(P=0.010)。SLN检出率为86.7%。SLN检测的灵敏度为83.3%、准确率为86.7%、假阴性率为16.7%。结论术前联合PET-CT与SPECT-CT并参考SUV值对cN0期喉鳞癌患者微转移SLN定性及定位,有助于手术方案选择的合理性,术中结合γ仪探测SLN可提高颈清范围的准确性。     

前哨淋巴结活检在早期乳腺癌手术中的临床应用

目的探讨乳腺癌前哨淋巴结活检术（SLNB）在临床应用中的价值。方法应用美蓝染色法对55例乳腺癌患者行SLNB,随后行乳腺癌常规外科手术。结果55例患者中前哨淋巴结SLN的检出率为90.9%,准确率96.6%,假阴性率为5.6%,假阳性率为0。SLN转移率与肿瘤大小有关,患者年龄、肿瘤位置、操的水平与SLN的检出率有关。结论乳腺癌SLNB能够准确地预测乳腺癌患者腋窝淋巴结ALN的转移情况。     

二甲双胍联合西格列汀治疗老年糖尿病的meta分析

目的 通过系统评价的方式评估二甲双胍联合西格列汀治疗老年2型糖尿病(T2DM)的疗效和安全性。方法 通过检索中文数据库如万方、中国知网、维普数据库以及外文数据库如PubMed、Cochrane library等各个数据库,自建库以来至2023年2月1日期间所发表的二甲双胍联合西格列汀治疗老年T2DM的所有RCT研究,对纳入文献进行偏倚风险评价及 Meta 分析。结果 最终纳入10项研究,共927例患者;试验组均使用二甲双胍联合西格列汀,对照组均使用二甲双胍治疗。纳入的10项研究中,有5项研究进行了安全性评价即不良反应情况;发现二甲双胍联合西格列汀治疗具有良好的安全性。Meta分析的研究结果表明,试验组的空腹血糖、餐后血糖、糖化血红蛋白明显低于对照组。结论 西格列汀联合二甲双胍适用于老年糖尿病的治疗,降糖效果好,安全性高。     

Acoustic quantification of /i/-/I/ overlap in children 21 to 33 months

This longitudinal investigation examined the temporal and spectral characteristics of the high front vowels /i/ and /I/ as produced by nine monolingual US English children from 21–33 months. Vowel overlap was quantified in two-dimensional (F1, F2) and three-dimensional (F1, F2, duration) space using Spectral Overlap Assessment Measure (SOAM). These findings were compared with the results from Support Vector Machine (SVM) vowel classification, vowel duration ratios, and measures of effect size, to determine whether a spectral/temporal trading effect existed in the early vowel productions of young children. Children between the ages of 21 and 33 months are highly variable in the way they use spectral and temporal parameters to distinguish between these two adjacent vowels. However, findings pointed to the existence of a spectral/temporal trading effect when spectral overlap values are relatively high (>60%) at 21 and 24 months of age.     

Erythrocyte Li+/Na+ and Na+/H+ exchange, cardiac anatomy and function in insulin-dependent diabetics

It has been proposed that an increased activity of cell membrane Na+/H+ exchange, mirrored by increased erythrocyte Li+/Na+ exchange, may facilitate cell hypertrophy and hyperplasia. Patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus may develop a specific cardiomyopathy with systolic and diastolic abnormalities and increased thickness of the left ventricle. Therefore, we have investigated the relationships between erythrocyte Li+/Na+ and Na+/H+ exchange and echocardiographic parameters in 31 male insulin-dependent diabetics (aged 17-68), in good metabolic control. Three had untreated mild hypertension. In all patients the urinary albumin excretion rate was less than 200 micrograms min-1. Ten patients had a Li+/Na+ countertransport higher than 0.37 mmol l-1 cell h-1, the upper normal limit for our laboratory (0.49 +/- 0.10, mean +/- SD). In comparison with the patients with normal countertransport, they had increased interventricular septum thickness and relative wall thickness (h/r). End diastolic volume and cardiac index were reduced while blood pressure and urinary albumin excretion rate were similar. In the whole study group, interventricular septum thickness was significantly correlated to Li+/Na+ exchange (r = 0.61, P less than 0.001) and Na+/H+ exchange (r = 0.35, P less than 0.05), independently of the effect of age and blood pressure. Posterior wall thickness was correlated to Li+/Na+ exchange (r = 0.38, P less than 0.05) and h/r to Li+/Na+ exchange (r = 0.41, P less than 0.05) and to Na+/H+ exchange (r = 0.44, P less than 0.05). Li+/Na+ exchange was negatively correlated to cardiac index (r = -0.37, P less than 0.05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

Articulatory characteristics of the occlusion phase of /t/ compared to /t/ in adult speech

This study used electropalatography (EPG) to investigate articulatory characteristics of /t/ and /t/ occlusion in order to provide normative data to be used for the diagnosis and treatment of individuals with speech disorders. EPG data from the EUR-ACCOR database were analysed for nonsense VCV sequences containing /t/ and /t/ in nine vowel contexts for seven English speaking adults. The main results of this study are that all speakers had a significantly more posterior placement for /t/ compared to /t/ and that placement was stable during the occlusion phase of both /t/ and /t/. For most speakers, the occlusion phase was longer for /t/ compared to /t/, the occlusion phase generally involved more EPG contact and was slightly more variable in /t/ compared to /t/, but these differences were not statistically significant for all speakers. The implications of the results for diagnosing and treating speech disorders are discussed.     

Erythrocyte Na+-H+ exchanger and Na+-Li+ countertransport activity in primary aldosteronism

Abstract. Several authors have described increased Na-H exchanger activity in essential hypertension but no data are available in secondary forms of hypertension such as primary aldosteronism. We measured Na-H exchanger kinetics together with Na-Li countertransport V _max in the erythrocytes of eight patients with primary aldosteronism and in 15 normotensive control subjects. Plasma aldosterone, plasma renin and plasma potassium were also evaluated. Na-H exchanger V _max appear to be increased in patients with primary aldosteronism and Hill's n , an index of co-operativity amongst intracellular proton binding sites, was significantly lower in patients than in controls. No statistically significant differences were found between affinity for intracellular protons (K50%) and for Na-Li countertransport V _max between the two groups studied. We were unable to find any correlations between Na-H exchanger V _max and Na-Li countertransport V _max in the two groups considered as a whole. From the present data Na-H exchanger overactivity would not appear to be a specific feature of essential hypertension but seems to be characteristic in patients with primary aldosteronism.     

Comparative Absorption of Ferri-Haemoglobin-59Fe/Ferro-Haemoglobin-59Fe and 59Fe3+/59Fe2+ in Humans with Normal and Depleted Iron Stores*

Abstract. The intestinal ⁵⁹Fe absorption from ferri- and ferro-haemogIobin-⁵⁹Fe and ⁵⁹Fe³⁺ and ⁵⁹Fe⁺ was calculated from whole body-⁵⁹Fe-retention measurements in subjects with normal and depleted iron stores. A ferri-haemoglobin-⁵⁹Fe/ferro-haemoglobin-⁵⁹Fe absorption ratio of 1.03 ±0.11 was observed for the absorption of ferri-haemoglobin-⁵⁹Fe (8.6± 0.77%) and ferro-haemogIobin-⁵⁹Fe (8.7±0.94%) in persons with normal iron stores. Depletion of iron stores caused a slight but significant higher rise of ferri-haemoglobin-⁵⁹Fe absorption (22 ± 1.7%) than the increase of ferro-haemoglobin-⁵⁹Fe absorption (18 ±0.9%) so that the absorption ratio was 1.24±0.073.—This remarkable iron valence independence of haemoglobin iron absorption is in considerable contrast to the well-established valence dependence of inorganic iron absorption which favours ferrous iron absorption especially with rising iron doses. The ⁵⁹Fe³⁺/⁵⁹Fe²⁺ absorption ratio for a diagnostic 0.56 mg Fe dose increased from 0.43 in subjects with normal iron stores to 0.74 in persons with depleted iron stores, whereas this absorption ratio was augmented only from 0.21 to 0.28 for the therapeutic 50 mg Fe-dose.—The different influence of iron valence on iron absorption from inorganic and haemoglobin iron supports other evidence for the existence of two separate mechanisms for ferrous iron and haem iron absorption in humans.     

The incidence of anti-Wraand Wraantigen in blood donors and hospital patients

Summary. A retrospective study of positive 37°C indirect antiglobulin test IAT) for compatibility following negative antibody screens in a hospital laboratory revealed an unexpectedly high incidence of Wr^a-incompatible units. Over the course of 1 month 1112 routine patients' samples containing no other atypical antibodies were tested for the presence of anti-Wr^a. Anti-Wr^awas found in 88 patients, an incidence of 7.9%. Testing of 5098 healthy blood donor samples found 54 donors positive for anti-Wr^a, an incidence of 1–06%. A survey of 5253 healthy blood donor samples for Wr^aantigen found only two Wr^a-positive samples, suggesting an incidence between 1 in 1000 and < 1 in 10000. The significance of this finding is discussed in relation to the continuing use of an IAT compatibility test.