股骨近端三维几何形态重建

目的通过计算机辅助设计对国人股骨近端三维形态进行重建和几何参数测量,以便为国产假体设计和研究及为术前医生选择假体提供有用的帮助. 方法本研究利用CT对160名正常国人股骨近端进行数据的采集,在此基础上,将所采集的CT数据通过计算机辅助设计进行股骨近端的重建,建立起国人股骨近端大体形态的实体模型.我们定义股骨轴线为过峡部及小粗隆中点上20 mm断层几何中心点的连线,通过对股骨进行二维及三维空间的参数测量、分析、比较,了解国人股骨形态学的特点. 结果本组研究中,头心-干轴距(offset)平均为37.6 mm、颈干角平均为127.4°,与白种人相比存在明显差异(P<0.001);男性与女性的头心-干轴距、股骨头、小粗隆中点上方20 mm髓腔内径、小粗隆中点水平髓腔内径有显著差异(P<0.01),而各性别中不同年龄组间的对应参数间多数无显著差异;随着股骨近端向远端移行,股骨髓腔内长径与股骨颈平面的夹角在增加.结论计算机辅助设计进行CT的重建,更加便于对股骨的大体形态学的研究以及参数的测量;国人有必要设计符合自己解剖特点的股骨假体;性别因素在假体设计中是否需要考虑有待于进一步研究;股骨髓腔的扭转角以及小粗隆中点上方20 mm横断面上长径与股骨颈前倾角间存在的夹角对于骨科医生手术操作及假体设计者有一定的指导意义.     

仿生肿瘤型膝关节假体重建儿童股骨远端骨肉瘤切除后骨缺损

目的:设计并应用仿生型股骨远端假体,通过人造韧带及高稳定型衬垫重建人工关节的稳定性,替代铰链式关节,从而降低相应部位的应力,降低假体磨损、松动及折断的发生率。方法:回顾性收集2019年1月至2019年12月初治并行假体置换的股骨远端骨肉瘤的患儿资料,共纳入仿生型假体12例（仿生组）及单纯铰链假体21例（单纯铰链组）。仿...     

3D打印人工椎体在胸腰椎肿瘤整块切除后重建中的应用

目的探讨3D打印人工椎体在胸腰椎肿瘤全脊椎整块切除术中应用的可行性。方法2016年12月至2019年9月对33例胸腰椎体恶性肿瘤患者采用后路全脊椎切除术治疗,男25例,女8例;年龄15~76岁,平均58.0岁。病变部位:胸椎29例,腰椎4例。累及节段:单节段30例,双节段2例,三节段1例。肿瘤类型:原发恶性肿瘤6例,转移性肿瘤27例。27例转移性肿瘤患者术前Tomita评分2~5分,平均3.9分;修正的Tokuhashi评分9~15分,平均11.1分。依据全脊椎切除术中重建方式不同,将33例胸腰椎体恶性肿瘤患者分为3D打印人工椎体重建组(21例,采用3D打印人工椎体进行前柱重建)和钛网重建组(12例,采用钛网植入同种异体骨进行重建)。主要观察指标为脊髓神经损害和疼痛恢复程度,肿瘤局部控制率及假体下沉发生率等。术后24 h、术后3个月疼痛视觉模拟评分(visual analogue scale,VAS)与术前比较采用配对设计t检验。结果全部病例随访3~31个月,平均10.9个月。3D打印人工椎体重建组术中出血量(3255.6±1981.9)ml(t=2.042,P>0.05)、手术时间(5.6±1.4)h(t=0.591,P>0.05)、术后引流量(655.6±223.6)ml(t=0.118,P>0.05)与钛网重建组的差异均无统计学意义。两组患者术前、术后24 h和3个月VAS评分的组间差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);两组患者术后24 h和3个月均较术前明显改善,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。33例患者中31例(97.0%)末次随访时Frankel分级有至少1个等级的改善。随访期间钛网重建组12例患者中5例(41.7%)影像学显示不同程度的下沉,而3D打印人工椎体重建组21例患者未出现假体下沉表现,两组下沉发生率的差异有统计学意义(χ^2=10.313,P=0.013)。结论3D打印技术制造的多孔钛人工椎体具有良好的生物相容性和机械稳定性,可以用于椎体切除后的重建。     

组配式假体在Paprosky Ⅲ型股骨近端骨缺损翻修中的应用

[目的]报道应用组配式远端固定生物型假体翻修Paprosky Ⅲ型股骨近端骨缺损的手术要点及疗效. [方法]2003年5月～2006年10月应用MP、ZMR组配式股骨假体翻修Paprosky Ⅲ型股骨近端骨缺损9例,男5例,女4例,年龄39～65岁,平均57岁,术后随防时间8～34个月,平均19个月.翻修原因:7例为骨水泥固定假体松动、骨溶解,2例为珊瑚面假体无菌性松动.原手术到翻修时间最短4年,最长12年.依据Papresky分型,ⅢA型5例,ⅢB型4例. [结果]Harris评分:术前平均35分(28～54分),术后85分(70～90分).7例弃拐行走,2例存在大腿疼痛,其中1例轻度疼痛伴下肢短缩2.5 cm,需扶手杖行走,1例中度疼痛,扶单拐行走、跛行.本组随访过程中均无再松动、感染征象,1例发生假体下沉12 mm,股骨柄远端无骨溶解现象. [结论]组配式远端固定生物型假体可较好完成Paprosky Ⅲ型股骨骨缺损的翻修,能达到初期及后期稳定.由于假体的假体柄与假体近端部分分开,使其植入变得容易,多部件组配可方便解决各种可能问题,如偏心距、前倾角、肢体长度等,明显简化了手术,且手术安全性好,是较理想的股骨翻修假体.     

股骨近端骨肿瘤切除后特制人工假体置换

目的探讨股骨近端骨肿瘤切除后特制人工假体置换疗效。方法18例股骨近端骨肿瘤均采用瘤段切除、特制人工假体置换。结果18例均安全度过围手术期,4例于术后1年左右死亡。生存的14例关节获平均2年9个月随访,按Enneking肢体肌肉骨骼肿瘤外科治疗重建术后功能评估标准进行评估：4-5分10例,3分3例,1分1例。结论根据股骨近端肿瘤类型采用合理的肿瘤边缘完整切除手术,选择适当假体和治疗方式,能有效重建髋关节功能并达到保肢目的。     

半骨盆与鞍状假体置换术在髋臼周围恶性肿瘤切除术中的应用

目的探讨髋臼周围骨盆恶性肿瘤切除术后半骨盆与鞍状假体置换的疗效。方法2005年1月至2008年12月共收治18例髋臼周围骨盆恶性肿瘤患者,其中男7例,女11例,年龄51～75岁。肿瘤部位按Enneking分区:Ⅰ区7例,Ⅱ区6例,Ⅲ区5例。12例选择Kocher-Langenbeck入路与髂腹股沟入路联合入路,6例选择延长髂骨股骨入路。其中对6例患者行半骨盆置换(A组),12例行鞍状假体置换(B组)。患髋功能按疼痛、日常活动、步态、畸形、行走辅助器、行走距离、活动范围等指标进行Harris评分。结果18例患者术后获5～36个月(平均18个月)随访。18例患者术前Harris评分平均为(88.9±8.6)分,术后1年Harris评分平均为(57.8±12.2)分,差异有统计学意义(t=8.84,P0.01)。其中A组术前Harris评分平均为(89.5±8.5)分,术后4个月为(71.1±11.2)分;B组术前Harris评分平均为(88.5±8.8)分,术后4个月为(56.2±14.5)分。手术时间:A组为(2.8±1.7)h,B组为(1.8±1.5)h。出血量:A组为(1350±658)ml,B组为(1250±407)ml。B组1例术后5个月死于肿瘤转移。术后切口感染A、B组各1例,经手术置入抗生素骨水泥链珠治疗后切口愈合。A组术后3、5个月各出现假体松动1例。结论半骨盆假体置换术适用于髋臼周围肿瘤切除术后的功能重建,术后髋关节稳定性较好,肿瘤局部复发率低。鞍状假体适用于全身病变较广泛,髋臼周围局部转移者及髋臼周围病变较大切除术后的功能重建。两者均存在金属假体松动率高、感染率高的问题。     

股骨上段肿瘤切除后人工假体重建的临床研究

目的探讨肿瘤广泛切除后人工假体置换治疗股骨上段恶性肿瘤的疗效,总结并发症发生情况。方法1998年7月至2005年7月,对81例股骨上段骨肿瘤的患者行广泛切除后人工假体置换,肿瘤类型包括股骨近端转移癌30例,股骨近端原发恶性骨肿瘤39例,股骨上段周围原发恶性软组织肿瘤4例,股骨上段纤维异常增殖症3例,其他5例。9例患者使用了灭活肿瘤骨结合人工假体复合重建缺损,5例患者行异体骨人工关节复合体重建,其余67例患者均使用金属假体。术后功能评价采用MSTS93评分。结果30例骨转移癌患者中,因术后均转往相关肿瘤科室行放、化疗,随访率较低,局部复发率不详,但术后短期关节功能良好。76例（93．8％）患者术后半年MSTS93评分平均在25分以上。51例原发肿瘤患者术后随访1．5～7．0年,平均3．5年。1例患者出现髋脱位;2例患者出现假体迟发感染;2例患者出现假体松动;2例患者发生移植物与宿主骨接合处不愈合;2例患者出现髋臼磨损;3例患者出现髋部疼痛,行走困难;1例患者出现假体的下沉。5例患者在术后0．5～2．0年内发生了局部复发。结论股骨上段恶性骨肿瘤切除后应用人工假体重建骨缺损,并发症较少,可以早期进行康复训练,术后髋关节功能良好,可作为股骨上段恶性骨肿瘤切除后的首选重建方法。     

定制人工假体置换治疗股骨近端骨肿瘤

目的评价定制人工假体置换治疗股骨近端骨肿瘤的疗效。方法对股骨近端骨肿瘤30例行瘤段切除、定制人工假体置换治疗。其中21例行加长柄双动性股骨头置换,9例行加长柄全髋置换。术后6个月功能评价采用MSTS 93评分。结果 30例均获随访,时间12～36个月。无感染、假体松动、假体脱位、假体周围骨折等并发症发生。术后6个月MSTS 93评分平均为(26.0±2.14)分;肢体功能:优15例,良12例,中3例,优良率为90%。2例于术后13、15个月死亡。结论定制人工假体置换是治疗股骨近端骨肿瘤的有效方法,术后髋关节功能良好。     

股骨近端上移重建骨盆肿瘤切除后的骨缺损

 目的 总结以股骨近端上移重建骨盆肿瘤切除后骨缺损的手术技术要点,探讨其手术适应证。方法 自2006年10月至2011年5月,对5例骨盆恶性肿瘤患者采用同侧股骨近端截骨上移重建骨盆环连续性、肿瘤型人工关节假体重建髋关节,男3例,女2例;年龄19~55岁,平均30.6岁。软骨肉瘤3例、原始神经外胚层瘤2例。3例肿瘤累及骨盆Ⅰ+Ⅱ区,2例累及Ⅱ+Ⅲ区。所有患者均获得随访,统计并发症发生情况,采用国际骨肿瘤协会(Musculoskeletal Tumor Society, MSTS)功能评分评价患肢功能,评价肿瘤学预后。结果 至末次随访时5例患者中1例死亡,1例带瘤生存,其余3例无瘤生存。主要并发症包括肿瘤局部复发、假体松动、植骨不愈合、浅表感染、坐骨神经麻痹。1例患者术后15个月发生植骨不愈合,内固定松动,可扶拐行走。1例患者因假体松动,术后26个月行翻修手术。1例患者术后6个月肿瘤局部复发改行截肢手术;1例术后18个月局部复发,未进一步处理带瘤生存。MSTS评分为11~25分,平均19.2分。结论 同侧股骨近端上移重建骨盆肿瘤切除后的骨缺损是一种有效重建骨盆连续性的方法,既适用于骨盆Ⅱ+Ⅲ区缺损,也适用于骨盆Ⅰ+Ⅱ区缺损。但此术式仍具有较高的并发症发生率,其近期效果与骨盆假体类似,远期疗效有待于进一步观察。     

定制型肱骨近端假体结合人工补片重建肩关节的疗效分析

目的 探讨肱骨近端骨肿瘤保肢术中使用人工补片重建盂肱关节囊的手术方法及其对稳定肩关节、预防术后肱骨头脱位的效果.方法 2006年2月至2009年1月,回顾性分析接受定制型肱骨近端假体结合聚丙烯非降解性人工补片重建肩关节的患者12例,男7例,女5例;年龄21～55岁,平均38岁.肿瘤类型:骨巨细胞瘤9例,骨肉瘤1例,软骨肉瘤2例.9例骨巨细胞瘤患者中3例为Campanacci Ⅱ期,6例为Campanacci Ⅲ期;1例骨肉瘤患者为Enneking ⅡB期;2例软骨肉瘤患者均为Enneking Ⅱ A期.采用国际骨与软组织肿瘤协会(MSTS)功能评估标准评价术后肩关节功能.结果 患者均获得随访,随访时间24～52个月,平均35个月.手术出血量150～500 ml,平均254 ml;手术时间150～200 min,平均172 min.术后患者肩关节前屈20°～60°,平均41°;外展20°～70°,平均42°.MSTS评分为53%～77%,平均66%.术后无一例患者出现臂丛损伤、切口感染及假体脱位;随访期间无一例患者出现局部复发、远处转移或死亡.结论 使用聚丙烯非降解性人工补片重建盂肱关节囊可显著减少肱骨近端骨肿瘤保肢术后肱骨头假体脱位的发生,便于周围软组织的附着和长入.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the surgical technique,postoperative function and dislocation incidence of proximal humerus reconstruction with metallic endoprostheses and polypropylene knitted nonabsorbable mesh after proximal humeral tumor resection.Methods Twenty patients with proximal humeral tumor were retrospectively reviewed.They were performed proximal humerus reconstruction with proximal humeral prosthesis and polypropylene knitted non-absorbable mesh from February 2006 to January 2009.There were 5 women and 7 men with a mean age of 38 years(range,21-55 years)at the time of surgery,and giant cell tumor in 9 patients(including Campanacci Ⅱ for 3,Campanacci Ⅲ for 6),osteosarcoma in 1(Enneking ⅡB).and chondrosarcoma in 2 (Enneking ⅡA).The operative time,blood loss,and shoulder movement postoperation were analysed.According to the assessment system by MSTS,the function of limb after surgery was assessed.Results Patients were followed clinically and radiographically for a minimum of 24 months (mean,35 months;range,24-52 months).The mean operative time was 172 min(range,150-200min).The mean blood loss was 254 ml (range,150-500 ml).There were no shoulder dislocations at final follow-up.The mean shoulder flexion was 41°(range,20°-60°)and mean shoulder abduction was 42°(range,20°-70°).The mean postoperative functional assessment score of the limb was 66%(range,53%-77%).None of the Datients had a wound infection,traction neuropraxia or died after the surgical procedure.Conclnsion The data suggests that the use of a polypropylene knitted non-absorbable mesh for proximal humerus reconstruction may reduce dislocations and facilitate soft tissue attachment after tumor resection.     

人工节段型骨干假体重建治疗肱骨骨干肿瘤

目的探讨人工节段型骨干假体重建治疗肱骨骨干肿瘤的可行性、手术方法以及疗效评估。方法回顾性分析2008年4月至2012年6月期间我院采用肿瘤广泛切除和节段型骨干假体重建术治疗6例肱骨骨干肿瘤患者的手术方案及疗效。6例患者中男性2例,女性4例,年龄为19~74岁,平均50．8岁;其中肱骨干单纯性骨囊肿2例、肺癌单发肱骨干转移瘤2例、肱骨干动脉瘤样骨囊肿1例及肱骨干富含巨细胞纤维性病变1例。结果术后随访8～58个月,平均29．5个月。截至末次随访,5例患者存活,1例患者于术后2（）个月死亡。存活患者肿瘤无局部复发、假体松动等并发症,末次随访时患肢功能状态良好,国际骨与软组织肿瘤协会（MSTS）肢体功能评分平均为24．8分（19~28分）。结论长骨骨干肿瘤大段广泛切除和节段型骨干假体保肢重建是治疗骨干肿瘤的有效手术方案之一。设计定制假体能够确保手术切除至安全外科边界,降低术后局部复发率,并保留正常关节及周围软组织,使患者术后即可负重锻炼,提高了术后生活质量。     

A biomechanical evaluation of press-fit stem constructs for tumor endoprosthetic reconstruction of the distal femur

This study was designed to assess the biomechanical parameters of the older Kotz Modular Femur Tibia Reconstruction (Stryker Inc, Mahwah, NJ) stem and the newer Restoration and the unfluted Global Modular Replacement System (Stryker Inc, Mahwah, NJ) uncemented stems for use with tumor endoprostheses as well as to assess the optimal reaming technique for insertion of these stems. Fresh-frozen adult femora or composite distal femora were implanted with the uncemented stems. Separate experiments were performed to compare reaming technique and bone resection level. All constructs were mechanically tested for axial compression, lateral bending, and torsional stiffness and torque to failure. Results showed that the biomechanical performance of all the stems were similar with respect to each parameter. Cylindrical reaming was associated with a significantly higher torque to failure than flexible reaming in the diaphysis (P = .006). Newer uncemented stems provide adequate initial biomechanical stability for implantation in the distal femur.     

计算机导航辅助髋臼肿瘤精确切除与重建

目的 探索髋臼恶性肿瘤精确切除与重建的有效方法,评价其临床治疗效果.方法 利用图像融合、逆向工程、计算机辅助设计与制造等技术,建立髋臼恶性肿瘤精确切除与重建的治疗流程,完成术前规划并制备个体化定制髋臼假体,利用计算机导航系统辅助手术实施,实现肿瘤的精确切除及假体安装.自2010年12月至2012年5月,采用该流程治疗3例髋臼恶性肿瘤患者,软骨肉瘤2例、原始神经外胚层肿瘤1例,均累及骨盆Ⅱ+Ⅲ区.采用国际骨肿瘤协会(Musculoskeletal Tumor Society,MSTS)功能评分评价患肢功能,统计并发症发生情况.结果 3例患者均成功获得精确的肿瘤切除与髋臼重建.1例患者术后因搬动失误发生髋关节脱位,予以闭合复位;该例患者术后出现下肢深静脉血栓形成,对症治疗后治愈.术后3例患者均获得随访,随访时间10～21个月.至末次随访时3例患者均无瘤生存,未见感染、假体松动、螺钉断裂等并发症.MSTS评分为18～26分.结论 计算机导航辅助肿瘤切除和个体化定制髋臼假体重建能够满足髋臼肿瘤精确切除和重建的要求,肿瘤切除彻底、髋臼重建满意、并发症发生率低、近期效果良好,是外科治疗恶性髋臼肿瘤的一种有效方法,其远期疗效有待于进一步观察.     

Cemented endoprosthetic replacement for metastatic bone disease in the proximal femur

In long bones, the most common site for metastases is the proximal femur. For lesions involving this region, osteosynthetic devices frequently fail, and for this reason, endoprosthetic reconstruction may be the optimal choice for treatment. Here, we present a series of 44 patients in whom 45 endoprosthetic reconstructions were performed for metastatic disease. In 28 patients (63.63%), endoprosthetic reconstruction was performed for pathologic fractures, and in 16 patients (36.37%), it was performed for impending fractures indicated by complaints of pain and problems with walking. Full weight bearing was achieved in the early postoperative period in 72.09% of our patients, and sufficient pain control was obtained in all patients. Four patients did not survive past the first 72 hours after surgery, and 11 more patients died within 2 months after surgery. A total of 29 patients (65.9%) survived to the 2-month follow-up visit, and of these, only 12 patients (27.2%) survived past the first postoperative year. We believe that in patients with metastatic disease in the proximal femur, endoprosthetic reconstruction can provide early and stable fixation with pain reduction and good functional results.     

Sliding bone graft at the distal femur after wide resection for malignant tumor

Objective  Wide resection of a tumor of the distal femur in healthy tissue while sparing the knee joint and preserving function of the limb. Indications  Tumors of the distal femur on the conditions that the distal epiphysis can be preserved for stable anchorage of a condylar blade plate, that limb-sparing surgery is possible and that tumor therapy is curative (expected survival time at least 5 years). Contraindications  Large defects which cannot be bridged by a sliding graft. No possibility for stable anchorage with the condylar blade plate. Generalized tumor disease. Local infections. Surgical Technique  Wide tumor resection through a posterolateral approach. Reconstruction of the defect with a proximal femoral sliding graft, free contralateral fibular transplant and autogenous iliac bone graft. Stabilization of the fragments with screws and a long condylar blade plate. Results  A 20-year-old woman with an osteoblastic osteosarcoma and a 15-year-old boy with a low-grade chondrosarcoma were treated with this technique. In none of the patients a local recurrence or metastasis was observed 9 and 7 years, respectively, after tumor resection. Full weight bearing could be resumed at 6 weeks in the first and at 12 weeks in the second patient. At the latest follow-up, both patients had good to excellent functional results.     

Management of septic complications following modular endoprosthetic reconstruction of the proximal femur

In a retrospective single-centre study 170 consecutive patients were included who received a Kotz modular prosthesis after resection of bone tumours of the proximal femur to evaluate the management of prosthetic infection. Infection occurred in 12 of 166 patients available for follow-up (six males; six females; mean age, 47 years; range, ten to 75 years) after a mean of 39 months (range, one to 166 months; infection rate, 7.2%). Mean follow-up was 54 months (range, four to 200 months). One patient died of septic shock. Two patients were treated by wound revision only. Treatment of infection in the remaining patients was one-stage revision in eight and hip disarticulation in one. Infection control by one-stage revision was achieved in five of eight patients; re-infection occurred in three patients and was successfully treated by further revision in all of them. The overall success rate for controlling infection was 83.3%.