围截骨区卫星棒技术在严重脊柱畸形三柱截骨术中的应用

 目的 探讨严重脊柱畸形三柱截骨术中围截骨区卫星棒技术的可行性,并评估其临床应用价值。方法 回顾性分析2012年7月至2014年1月期间应用卫星棒技术行严重脊柱畸形三柱截骨并有完整临床及影像学资料的13例患者,男6例,女7例;年龄12~57岁,平均（30.9±19.1）岁。分别测量患者手术前后及末次随访时侧凸Cobb角、最大后凸Cobb角（global kyphosis,GK）、冠状面平衡（distance between C₇ plumb line and center sacral vertical line,C₇PL-CSVL）和矢状面平衡（sagittal vertical axis,SVA）。患者初诊及每次随访均填写SF-36量表。结果 随访时间平均为（15.8±3.8）个月。术前侧凸Cobb角平均为86.3°±22.6°,术后为45.2°±19.7°,较术前明显改善,平均矫正率为47.7%±19.1%;末次随访为39.9°±19.8°,随访期间未见明显矫正丢失。术前GK为80.9°±18.7°,术后为35.1°±14.5°,平均矫正率为57.8%±13.8%;末次随访时未见明显丢失,平均为36.3°±10.0°。手术前后C₇PL-CSVL分别为（43.7±36.8） mm、（18.8±5.6） mm,术后有明显改善;末次随访时维持良好,平均为（19.2±8.3） mm。SVA由术前平均（55.0±51.5） mm减小至术后（29.3±19.5） mm,末次随访为（34.2±17.5） mm,亦无明显矫正丢失。13例患者术中监测均无信号异常。术后1例患者1枚螺钉位置偏上穿出上终板,1例患者1枚螺钉位置偏外。患者随访期间均无明显矫形丢失及断钉、断棒等内固定并发症。结论 严重脊柱畸形三柱截骨引入卫星棒技术既满足坚强固定需要又起到分散应力作用,术后矫形效果满意,随访期间矫正丢失及内固定失败等并发症少。     

经椎弓根不对称截骨术矫正强直性脊柱炎胸腰椎侧后凸畸形的疗效分析

目的 ：分析经椎弓根不对称截骨术（asymmetrical pedicle subtraction osteotomy,APSO）对强直性脊柱炎（ankylosing spondylitis,AS）胸腰椎侧后凸畸形患者的临床疗效,并比较其与传统经椎弓根椎体截骨术（pedicle subtraction osteotomy,PSO）对矢状面平衡重建的疗效。方法：回顾性分析2016年1月～2019年6月在我院行脊柱截骨术且随访超过1年的55例AS胸腰椎畸形患者。仅有矢状面畸形的AS患者采用PSO,双平面畸形患者采用APSO。在术前、术后和末次随访时的站立全脊柱正侧位X线片上测量冠状面Cobb角、冠状面平衡距离（coronal balance distance,CBD）、全脊柱后凸角（global kyphosis,GK）、矢状面偏移（sagittal vertical axis,SVA）、骨盆倾斜角（pelvic tilt,PT）、骶骨倾斜角（sacral slope,SS）、腰椎前凸角（lumbar lordosis,LL）、截骨角（osteotomized vertebral angl...     

重度成人特发性脊柱侧凸脊柱-骨盆矢状面特点分析

【摘要】 目的：探讨重度成人特发性脊柱侧凸患者脊柱-骨盆矢状面平衡特点。方法：本研究纳入79名正常志愿者（正常组）、83例轻中度成人特发性脊柱侧凸患者（Cobb角<60°）以及69例重度成人特发性脊柱侧凸患者（Cobb角>80°）,再根据主弯部位分为胸弯组及胸腰弯/腰弯组,测量各组冠状面参数包括主弯Cobb角、冠状面偏移（CB）以及顶椎偏移（AVT）,矢状面参数包括矢状面偏移（SVA）、胸椎后凸角（TK）、胸腰后凸角（TLK）、腰椎前凸角（LL）、骨盆入射角（PI）、骨盆倾斜角（PT）和骶骨倾斜角（SS）、骨盆厚度（PTH）、骶骨股骨距离（SFD）、骶骨骨盆角（PRS1）、PI与LL差值（PI-LL）、PT与PI比值（PT/PI）以及C7铅垂线与骶骨中心距离（HA-C7PL）。比较各组间冠状面及矢状面参数的特点及各参数间的相关性。相关性分析使用Pearson相关分析。不同疾病组同一参数间的对比研究使用单因素方差分析及两两比较q检验。结果：与正常组相比,重度成人特发性脊柱侧凸患者的LL、TLK、TK及PRS1显著增大,PI、PT、PTH、SFD及PI-LL显著减小,重度胸腰弯/腰弯组的SVA显著增大而SS显著减小,但SVA在平衡范围内。正常组与轻中度胸弯组,冠状面及矢状面参数间无相关性。在轻中度胸腰弯/腰弯组、重度胸弯组及重度胸腰弯/腰弯组,Cobb角与TK、TLK具有相关性。在所有组中,LL与TK、LL与TLK、PI与PT及PI与SS均具有相关性。在正常组、重度胸弯组及重度胸腰弯/腰弯组中,TK与TLK具有相关性。轻中度胸腰弯/腰弯组CB与PT具有相关性;重度胸弯组中,CB与TLK、SS具有相关性;重度胸腰弯/腰弯组,冠状面Cobb角与LL及CB与PT、SS具有相关性。在重度胸腰弯/腰弯组中,LL与SVA具有相关性。在重度脊柱侧凸组中,TK与SVA具有相关性。结论：重度成人特发性脊柱侧凸矢状面排列具有自身特点,表现为TK、TLK、LL的显著增大与PI、PT的显著减小;冠状面参数中冠状面主弯Cobb角与TK、TLK及CB与SS均具有相关性,矢状面参数中TK、TLK与LL三者之间及TK与SVA之间均具有相关性;骨盆发生明显的形态学改变,表现为狭长水平的形态。     

强直性脊柱炎后凸截骨矫形角度的术前预测

目的评价强直性脊柱炎（AS）后凸畸形术前截骨角度预测方法的可行性。方法 2012-04-2013-12,依据选择标准对10例AS后凸畸形患者,术前采用脊柱股骨角预测方法进行术前截骨角度设计与预测。术前、术后2周及随访时摄脊柱全长正侧位X线片和大体像,测量全脊柱后凸角（GK）、胸腰椎交界角（TLJ）、腰椎前凸角（LL）、矢状面偏移（SVA）、骨盆入射角（PI）、骶骨倾斜角（SS）、骨盆倾斜角（PT）指标,VAS、ODI评分评估患者功能改善情况。结果 GK、TLJ、LL、SVA、SS、PT、VAS、ODI术后2周和末次随访时较术前明显改善,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。PI术前、术后、末次随访时差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）;各指标术后2周和末次随访时比较差异均无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论采用脊柱股骨角进行术前截骨角度设计对指导AS后凸畸形截骨矫形具有重要临床意义。     

严重僵硬型颈椎后凸畸形的手术入路选择

 目的 探讨严重僵硬型颈椎后凸畸形的影像学特征及不同类型的手术入路选择。方法 回顾性分析2007年1月至2012年1月,治疗17例严重僵硬型颈椎后凸畸形患者完整资料,男8例,女9例;年龄21~72岁,平均49.7岁;炎症3例,退变3例,神经纤维瘤病3例,全椎板切除术后3例,特发性2例,陈旧性颈椎骨折2例,神经肌肉源性疾病1例;后凸累及节段（4.3±1.2）个。患者临床均表现为颈部疼痛,视觉模拟评分（visual analogue scale, VAS）（7.6±1.5）分,颈椎后凸畸形进行性发展,其中合并脊髓病变4例、神经根痛2例、不能平视3例、吞咽困难1例。患者术前均摄颈椎过伸、过屈位及颈椎牵引位X线片,并通过矢状位CT重建片评价颈椎僵硬来源。继续颅骨牵引下,根据脊髓压迫情况、后凸累及节段及僵硬来源等因素分别采用前路、后路及前后路联合手术入路,术后根据颈椎后凸Cobb角恢复及Odom标准评价疗效。结果 术后17例患者均获得随访,随访时间2~5年。根据CT检查结果,17例患者中,僵硬来源于前方骨性强直7例、后方6例、前后方4例。采用前路手术4例,后路2例,前后路5例,后前路3例,前-后-前路1例,后-前-后路2例。术前Cobb角平均49.3°±14.6°,末次随访平均2.1°±6.8°,平均矫正角度47.2°;Odom 标准：优7例,良8例,可2例,优良率88.2%（15/17）。1例患者术后3个月出现近端交界区后凸,遂行翻修术;17例患者术后均获骨性融合,随访期内无一例发生后凸矫正角度显著丢失。结论 CT有利于判断颈椎后凸畸形的僵硬来源;手术入路的选择取决于脊髓是否受压、后凸累及节段的长短、颈椎后凸畸形的僵硬来源等因素;僵硬来源于颈椎前方骨性强直采用前路手术,来源于后方强直采用后路手术,来源于前后方强直需前后路联合手术。     

后路截骨矫形对腰椎退行性后凸畸形患者脊柱骨盆矢状面参数的影响

目的：探讨后路截骨矫形对腰椎退行性后凸畸形患者脊柱-骨盆矢状面参数的影响。方法：回顾性分析2012年1月至2015年12月采用截骨手术治疗的21例腰椎退行性后凸畸形患者的临床资料,男5例,女16例;年龄55~76（66.24±5.13）岁。手术前后均拍摄脊柱全长正侧位X线片,测量脊柱骨盆矢状面参数胸椎后凸（thoracic kyphosis,TK）,腰椎前凸（lumbar lordosis,LL）,矢状面平衡（sagittal vertical axis,SVA）,骨盆入射角（pelvic incidence,PI）,骨盆倾斜角（pelvic tilt,PT）和骶骨倾斜角（sacral slope,SS）。结果：21例患者均顺利完成手术,平均手术时间190 min（160~220 min）,术中平均出血量1 000 ml（800~1 900 ml）。术前与术后1年各项参数分别为,TK由（31.67±21.13）°增加到（34.67±11.60）°,LL从（4.76±3.17）°矫正至（37.41±6.28）°,PT从（33.94±5.01）°恢复至（20.12±5.36）°,SS从（18.47±2.60）°增至（31.71±4.30）°,SVA从（13.24±3.60）cm恢复至（2.82±1.33）cm,所有参数手术前后比较差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论：后路截骨矫形手术能够有效地重建腰椎退行性后凸畸形患者脊柱-骨盆矢状面平衡,腰椎前凸及骶骨倾斜角的恢复与重建矢状面平衡密切相关。     

后路减压并内固定术治疗退行性脊柱侧凸对脊柱-骨盆矢状面参数和疗效的影响

目的评估后路减压并内固定术对退行性脊柱侧凸(DS)患者术后生活质量和矢状面参数的影响,以及对矢状面重建策略的初步探索。方法 2015年1月-2020年5月,重庆市中医骨科医院采用后路减压并椎弓根螺钉内固定融合术治疗DS患者64例,记录手术时间、术中出血量、术中透视次数、住院时间及并发症发生情况。采用疼痛视觉模拟量表(VAS)评分评估腰痛和下肢痛程度,采用Oswestry功能障碍指数(ODI)评价腰椎功能。术前及末次随访时在标准站立位全脊柱X线片上测量腰椎前凸角(LL)、胸椎后凸角(TK)、胸腰段后凸角(TLK)、骨盆入射角(PI)、骨盆倾斜角(PT)、骶骨倾斜角(SS)、冠状位Cobb角及矢状位垂直轴(SVA)等影像学参数,并评价SVA及PI-LL改善程度对疗效的影响。结果所有手术顺利完成,所有患者随访12~46(22.3±6.2)个月。末次随访时,所有患者腰痛和下肢痛VAS评分和ODI均较术前明显改善,差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05)。末次随访时,长节段内固定患者TLK、PT、冠状位Cobb角、SVA、PI-LL较术前明显减小,LL和SS较术前明显增大;短节段内固定患者PT、冠状位Cobb角较术前减小,SS较术前增大;差异均有统计学意义(P < 0.05)。末次随访SVA ≥ 95 mm的患者腰痛VAS评分和ODI均高于SVA ≤ 50 mm的患者,差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05);PI-LL > 9°患者腰痛VAS评分与PI-LL ≤ 9°患者相比,差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05);PI-LL > 9°患者下肢痛VAS评分及ODI与PI-LL ≤ 9°患者相比,差异无统计学意义(P > 0.05)。结论后路减压并内固定术对DS患者的生活质量和矢状面参数均有较好的改善作用,国人中老年DS患者术后残留轻度的矢状面失衡对生活质量影响不明显,LL=PI±9°可能不适合作为国人的矫形目标。     

比较经椎弓根与Smith-Peterson截骨对退变性侧后凸畸形冠矢状面平衡重建的影响

 目的 比较经椎弓根椎体截骨（pedicle subtraction osteotomy, PSO）与Smith-Petersen截骨（Smith-Petersen osteotomy, SPO）对退变性脊柱侧后凸畸形患者冠、矢状面平衡重建的效果。方法 回顾性分析2007年5月至2010年11月行PSO或SPO矫形内固定术的47例退变性脊柱侧后凸畸形患者资料。PSO组25例,男1例,女24例;年龄47~69岁,平均（58.29±5.85）岁;平均Cobb角47.67°±11.57°。SPO组22例,男2例,女20例;年龄49~70岁,平均（60.31±6.25）岁;平均Cobb角38.33°±11.96°。所有患者随访时间均在两年以上。测量患者术前、术后及末次随访时冠状面Cobb角、冠状面躯干倾斜距离（TS）、顶椎偏移距离（AVT）、矢状面平衡（SVA）、胸椎后凸（TK）、腰椎前凸（LL）、骨盆投射角（PI）、骶骨倾斜角（SS）、骨盆倾斜角（PT）。结果 术前两组患者除PSO组TS显著大于SPO组外,其余指标均匹配。两组患者术后SVA存在显著差异,其余影像学参数比较差异均无统计学意义;末次随访两组患者的影像学参数均无显著差异。两组患者术后和随访时,除TS、TK与PI外,其他参数分别与术前比较,差异均有统计学意义。PSO组TS由术前37.21 mm下降至术后24.67 mm,末次随访为21.69 mm,而SPO组TS由术前18.91 mm增加至术后37.43 mm,末次随访降至17.84 mm。PSO组术后SVA为-15.13 mm,末次随访恢复至11.02 mm,而SPO组术后SVA为16.68 mm,末次随访为19.26 mm,两组间SVA矫正值差异存在统计学意义。结论 PSO和SPO均能有效重建退变性脊柱侧后凸畸形的矢状面形态; PSO术后易出现SVA的过度矫正,而SPO术后可出现冠状面失平衡;但两者在随访过程中均可得到自发纠正。     

腰椎滑脱复位和脊柱骨盆形态的相关性分析

目的探讨矢状面形态对腰椎滑脱复位的影响及复位与矢状面变化的关系。方法分析本院34例滑脱患者,根据滑脱复位程度分为部分复位组（〈50％）和完全复位组（〉50％）。矢状面参数包括骨盆倾斜角（PT）、胸椎后凸角（TK）、腰椎前凸角（LL）、骶骨倾斜角（SS）、矢状面偏移（SVA）、骨盆入射角（PI）。2组间差异采用配对样本和独立样本t检验。结果完全复位组11例,部分复位组23例。术后LL明显低于术前（P=0．000）;PT术前明显高于术后（P=0．017）;而PI、SS、TK和SVA手术前、后无明显变化（P〉0．05）。手术前后TK、LL、PI、SS、PT、SVA变化2组间差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。2组间术前TK、LL、PI、SS、PT、SVA差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论成人滑脱患者手术中,复位有利于减轻患者临床症状、提高患者生活质量,但复位并不能改善脊柱矢状面形态。     

Kümmell病伴脊柱后凸畸形对脊柱-骨盆矢状面参数的影响

目的：探讨Kümmell病伴脊柱后凸畸形对脊柱-骨盆矢状面形态的影响。方法：回顾性分析2015年8月至2022年9月收治的34例Kümmell病伴脊柱后凸畸形的患者（Kümmell病组）,其中男10例,女24例,年龄（71.1±8.5）岁,以37例年龄（69.3±6.7）岁匹配的无症状人群为对照组。在站立位全脊柱正侧位X线片上测量脊柱-骨盆矢状面参数,包括节段性后凸角（segmental kyphosis,SK）或胸腰椎后凸（thoracolumbar kyphosis,TLK）、胸椎后凸角（thoracic kyphosis,TK）、腰椎前凸角（lumbar lordosis,LL）,骨盆入射角（pelvic incidence,PI）、骨盆倾斜角（pelvic tilt,PT）、骶骨倾斜角（sacral slope,SS）、矢状面平衡（sagittal vertical axis,SVA）、T₁骨盆角（T₁ pelvic angle,TPA）以及骨盆入射角与腰椎前凸的匹配关系（PI-LL）。同时测量Kümmell病患者患椎椎体楔变角（wedge angle,WA）,并分析WA、SK等与脊柱-骨盆矢状面参数的相关性。结果：Kümmell病组TK、SK、PT、SVA、TPA、PI-LL均高于对照组（P<0.05）,Kümmell病组LL、SS低于对照组（P<0.05）;两组PI比较,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。Kümmell病组患椎WA为（30.8±5.9）°,并与SK、TK有相关性（r=0.366,0.597,P<0.05）,SK与LL、SS有相关性（r=0.539,-0.591,P<0.05）,LL与PI、SS、SVA、TPA、PI-LL有相关性（r=0.559,0.741,-0.273,-0.356,-0.882,P<0.05）。结论：Kümmell病伴脊柱后凸不仅存在节段性后凸畸形,而且整体脊柱-骨盆矢状面参数亦发生改变,包括腰椎前凸丢失、骨盆后旋、躯干前倾等。Kümmell病的手术治疗不仅要重视塌陷椎体高度的恢复,对于合并脊柱后凸患者还要着眼于脊柱-骨盆矢状面的整体平衡。     

经椎弓根截骨对强直性脊柱炎胸腰椎后凸畸形脊柱-骨盆参数的影响

  目的 探讨经椎弓根椎体截骨(pedicle subtraction osteotomy, PSO)治疗强直性脊柱炎胸腰 椎后凸畸形术后脊柱-骨盆参数的变化及意义。 方法回顾性分析2006 年7月至2010 年10 月在我: 行L1 PSO矫形内固定术的21 例强直性脊柱炎胸腰椎后凸畸形患者。男18 例, 女3 例;年龄(35.6±10.8) 岁(21~53 岁)。所有患者手术前后均摄站立位全脊柱正、侧位X线片。统计测量所有患者的术前、术后即 刻X线片的胸椎后凸(thoracic kyphosis, TK)、腰椎前凸(lumbar lordosis, LL)、全脊柱最大后凸Cobb 角 (globe kyphosis, GK)、固定节段角度(angle of the fusion levels, AFL)、矢状面平衡(sagittal vertical axis, SVA)、骨盆投射角(pelvic incidence, PI)、骶骨倾斜角(sacral slope, SS)和骨盆倾斜角(pelvic tilting, PT)。 结果脊柱-骨盆相关参数中, 除TK 和PI 外, 其余参数手术前后相比较差异均有统计学意义(P < 0.01)。LL 的变化与PT(r=0.59, P=0.005)、SS(r=0.64, P=0.002)、SVA(r=0.49, P=0.025)及AFL(r=0.60, P= 0.004)的变化存在线性相关, PT的变化与SS(r=0.94, P=0.000)的变化存在线性相关, AFL的变化与PT (r=0.59, P=0.005)、SS(r=0.61, P=0.003)的变化存在线性相关。 结论 PSO能够显著地改善强直性脊柱炎 胸腰椎后凸畸形患者脊柱-骨盆矢状面形态;LL的重建与骨盆矢状面形态的改变密切相关。     

强直性脊柱炎胸腰椎后凸畸形患者生存质量与矢状面参数的相关性

 目的 探讨强直性脊柱炎（ankylosing spondylitis,AS）胸腰椎后凸畸形患者生存质量与矢状面参数的相关性。方法 2011年6月至2013年8月,门诊AS患者30例、行经椎弓根椎体截骨矫形术的住院AS患者34例纳入研究。以SF-36量表评估患者生存质量;在站立位全脊柱X线侧位片上测量脊柱-骨盆矢状面参数;评估AS疾病活动性指数、AS功能指数和Oswestry下腰痛评分。依据胸腰椎最大后凸角将患者分为轻度后凸组（＜60°,29例）和重度后凸组（≥60°,35例）,比较两组患者的生存质量及矢状面参数,分析生存质量与矢状面参数的相关性。结果 重度后凸组患者在生理职能、一般健康状况、社会功能和情感职能四个维度的得分低于轻度后凸组。两组患者C7倾斜角、胸腰椎最大后凸角、矢状面躯干偏移、骨盆倾斜角、腰椎前凸角和骶骨倾斜角的差异有统计学意义。C7倾斜角和腰椎前凸角减小致生理职能评分减少;胸腰椎最大后凸角增加致情感职能评分降低;矢状面躯干偏移增大致社会功能评分减低。手术治疗患者随访6~36个月,平均16个月。末次随访时除胸椎后凸角和骨盆入射角外其他矢状面参数均较术前改善,一般健康状况、社会功能和情感职能评分均提高。结论 重度胸腰椎后凸畸形AS患者的生理职能、一般健康状况、社会功能和情感职能较轻度后凸患者降低。C7倾斜角、胸腰椎最大后凸角、腰椎前凸角和矢状面躯干偏移改变是AS患者生存质量降低的重要因素。经椎弓根椎体截骨术矫正胸腰椎后凸畸形矢状面参数的同时可提高患者生存质量。     

Pedicle Subtraction Osteotomy in Lateral Position: A New Strategy for Correcting Severe Thoracolumbar Kyphosis Combined with Hip Flexion Contracture in Ankylosing Spondylitis

ObjectiveTo describe spinal osteotomy in lateral position, which might be a new strategy for correcting thoracolumbar kyphotic deformity combined with severe hip flexion contracture, and to present two cases in which this method was successfully performed.MethodsSpinal osteotomies in lateral position were performed in two patients with severe thoracolumbar kyphosis combined with hip flexion contracture, which was not suitable for operation in the prone position. Case 1: a 33‐year‐old female AS patient still had severe hip flexion contracture due to poor rehabilitation after total hip replacement (THR). The range of movement of the hip was only about 15° in right and 10° in left. Pre‐operativethoracic kyphosis (TK), thoracolumbar kyphosis (TLK), lumbar lordosis (LL), and sagittal vertical axis (SVA) were 52.4°, 49.1°, 42.7°, and 315 mm, respectively. Pedicle subtraction osteotomy (PSO) at L3 was performed in the lateral position. The eggshell procedure was used during osteotomy. Case 2: a 45‐year‐old male AS patient presented coexisting rigid thoracolumbar kyphosis and hip flexion contracture. The range of movement of the hip was only about 20° in right and 25° in left. Pre‐operativeTK, TLK, LL and SVA were 34.9°, 66.8°, 58.8° and 290.8 mm, respectively. PSO at L₂ was performed in lateral position. The eggshell procedure was also used.ResultsSagittal malalignments of both patients were greatly improved. For case 1, the total operation time was 5.5 h. The blood loss was 1500 mL and the amount of allogeneic blood transfusion was 1580 mL during the operation. SVA was reduced to 127 mm and LL decreased from preoperative 42.7° to −28.4°. The correction angle through L₃ was 34.7° and the correction angle through the osteotomy segment was 62.9°. For case 2, the duration of surgery was 6.5 h. The operative blood loss was 2000 mL and the total amount of blood transfusion was 2020 mL. SVA was reduced to 209.8 mm and LL decreased from preoperative 58.8° to 9.2°.The correction angle through L₂ was 37.1° and the correction angle through the osteotomy segment was 55°. No intra‐operative or post‐operative complications were observed. Six months after PSO, case 1 had good posture for standing and sitting. The case 2 underwent bilateral THRs nine months after PSO.ConclusionPSO could be performed in the lateral position successfully. For AS patients who cannot be placed in the prone position due to coexisting severe thoracolumbar kyphosis and hip flexion contracture, performing spinal osteotomy in the lateral position as the first step is an alternative.     

经关节突“V”形截骨与经椎弓根椎体截骨对脊柱-骨盆复合体平衡的影响

 目的 比较多节段经关节突“V”形截骨(Smith-Petersen osteotomies,SPOs)与经椎弓根椎体截骨(pedicle subtraction osteotomy,PSO)重建强直性脊柱炎胸腰椎后凸畸形患者脊柱-骨盆复合体平衡的效果。方法 2000年8月至2010年6月应用SPOs或PSO矫形内固定术治疗39例强直性脊柱炎胸腰椎后凸畸形患者。SPOs组15例,男13例,女2例;年龄18~42岁,平均(28.1±7.1)岁。PSO组24例,男20例,女4例;年龄21~53岁,平均(38.3±7.9)岁。比较两组患者术前、术后3个月及末次随访的脊柱-骨盆参数：胸椎后凸角(thoracic kyphosis,TK)、腰椎前凸角(lumbar lordosis,LL)、全脊柱最大后凸Cobb角(global kyphosis,GK)、矢状面平衡(sagittal vertical axis,SVA)、骨盆投射角(pelvic incidence,PI)、骶骨倾斜角(sacral slope,SS)和骨盆倾斜角(pelvic tilting,PT)。结果 除TK和PI外,其他参数手术前后比较差异均有统计学意义。术前测量指标除PI、GK及LL外,其他参数两组间比较差异均无统计学意义;术后LL、GK、PT及SS两组间比较差异有统计学意义。末次随访时,SVA、LL、GK、PT及SS的矫正丢失两组间比较差异有统计学意义。结论 对强直性脊柱炎胸腰椎后凸畸形患者,PSO能够获得更好的脊柱-骨盆复合体平衡重建,而SPOs易于发生远期矫正度丢失。     

强直性脊柱炎胸腰段后凸畸形矫形前后影像学参数分析

目的通过对强直性脊柱炎（ankylosing spondylitis,AS）僵硬性胸腰段后凸畸形矫形前后影像学参数对比分析及相关性研究,探讨经椎弓根椎体截骨（pedicle subtraction osteotomy,PSO）矫形对矢状面脊柱骨盆序列的影响,进而探究AS后凸患者脊柱骨盆序列的代偿机制。方法 2004年1月～2010年3月,38例AS僵硬性胸腰段后凸畸形患者行后路单节段或双节段截骨矫形椎弓根螺钉内固定术。矫形前后拍摄全脊柱侧位X线片,测量AS患者全脊柱后凸角（Cobb T1～S1）、矢状面平衡距离（sagittal vertical axis,SVA）、骨盆入射角（pelvic incidence,PI）、骨盆倾斜角（pelvictilt,PT）、骶骨倾斜角（sacral slope,SS）及截骨角度（PSO angle）。观察矫形前后影像学参数变化,控制影响患者个体差异的因素,将影像学参数做偏相关分析。结果矫形前,Cobb T1～S1=56°±28°,PI=45°±9°,PT=38°±13°,SS=7°±12°,SVA=21 cm±9 cm;矫形后,Cobb T1～S1=11°±22°,PI=46°±9°,PT=21°±10°,SS=24°±9°,SVA=9 cm±5 cm。矫形前,PT、SVA与Cobb T1～S1偏相关系数分别为r=0.81（P〈0.01）、0.64（P〈0.01）;矫形后,PT、SVA与Cobb T1-S1偏相关系数分别为r=0.58（P〈0.05）、0.72（P〈0.01）。PSO angle与Cobb T1～S1、PT偏相关系数分别为r=-0.82（P〈0.01）、-0.56（P〈0.05）,PSO angle与SVA无相关性。结论矫形前后,AS患者通过后旋骨盆代偿全脊柱后凸所致的矢状面失平衡;骨盆后旋程度、矢状面平衡距离与全脊柱后凸程度呈正相关;人体自身代偿机制优先恢复骨盆的中立状态而非改善矢状面平衡距离。     

Sagittal spino-pelvic alignment failures following three column thoracic osteotomy for adult spinal deformity

Purpose

Three column thoracic osteotomy (TCTO) is effective to correct rigid thoracic deformities, however, reasons for residual postoperative spinal deformity are poorly defined. Our objective was to evaluate risk factors for poor spino-pelvic alignment (SPA) following TCTO for adult spinal deformity (ASD).

Methods

Multicenter, retrospective radiographic analysis of ASD patients treated with TCTO. Radiographic measures included: correction at the osteotomy site, thoracic kyphosis (TK), lumbar lordosis (LL), sagittal vertical axis (SVA), pelvic tilt (PT), and pelvic incidence (PI). Final SVA and PT were assessed to determine if ideal SPA (SVA < 4 cm, PT < 25°) was achieved. Differences between the ideal (IDEAL) and failed (FAIL) SPA groups were evaluated.

Results

A total of 41 consecutive ASD patients treated with TCTO were evaluated. TCTO significantly decreased TK, maximum coronal Cobb angle, SVA and PT (P < 0.05). Ideal SPA was achieved in 32 (78%) and failed in 9 (22%) patients. The IDEAL and FAIL groups had similar total fusion levels and similar focal, SVA and PT correction (P > 0.05). FAIL group had larger pre- and post-operative SVA, PT and PI and a smaller LL than IDEAL (P < 0.05).

Conclusions

Poor SPA occurred in 22% of TCTO patients despite similar operative procedures and deformity correction as patients in the IDEAL group. Greater pre-operative PT and SVA predicted failed post-operative SPA. Alternative or additional correction procedures should be considered when planning TCTO for patients with large sagittal global malalignment, otherwise patients are at risk for suboptimal correction and poor outcomes.     

Failure of Posterior Lower Lumbar/Lumbosacral Hemi‐Vertebra Resection: An Analysis of Reasons and Revision Strategies

ObjectiveTo investigate the causes of failed primary surgery and the revision strategies for congenital scoliosis (CS) patients with lower lumbar/lumbosacral (LL/LS) hemi‐vertebra (HV).MethodsFifteen CS patients with LL/LS HV (seven females and eight males) with a mean age of 20.4 ± 10.4 years undergoing revision surgery in our center were retrospectively reviewed. The radiographic parameters including Cobb angle, distance between C₇ plumb line and center sacral vertical line (C₇PL‐CSVL), thoracic kyphosis (TK), lumbar lordosis (LL) and sagittal vertical axis (SVA) were assessed at pre‐revision, post‐revision and the last follow‐up. The causes of failure in primary operation, and radiographic and clinical outcomes of revision procedures were analyzed.ResultsThe revision rate of patients undergoing LL/LS HV resection and correction surgery was 11.4%. The average time interval between primary surgery and revision surgery was 18.2 ± 10.6 months. The operation duration and estimated blood loss of revision surgery were 194 ± 56 min and 326 ± 74 ml, respectively. Reasons for failed primary operations were as follows: internal fixation fracture in 10 cases, curve progression in two cases, implant loose in two cases and post‐operative coronal imbalance in one case. The post‐revision Cobb angle was significantly improved from 29.9° ± 8.3° to 18.7° ± 6.7° (P < 0.001) with a correction rate of 37.5% ± 12.6%. At the final follow‐up, the average Cobb angle was 18.9° ± 6.2° and the correction was well maintained (P = 0.788). The C₇PL‐CSVL at pre‐revision, post‐revision and at last follow‐up were 23.2 ± 9.3 mm, 14.8 ± 4.8 mm and 14.9 ± 5.4 mm, respectively. Significant improvements (P = 0.004) were observed after revision surgery and there was no evident loss of correction (P = 0.703). There was no significant difference in TK, LL and SVA before and after revision surgery (all P > 0.05). At the last follow‐up, no significant correction loss of above coronal and sagittal parameters were observed (all P > 0.05). The revision methods were individualized according to the primary surgical procedures and the reasons for revision. The recommended revision strategies include incision of pseudarthrosis with sufficient bone graft, fixation of satellite rods, thorough residual HV excision, prolonged fusion to S₂ and transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion at lumbosacral region. Solid bony fusion and no implant‐related complication were detected during the follow‐up.ConclusionsThe causes of revision surgery for patients with congenital scoliosis (CS) due to lumbosacral HV were verified and implant failure with pseudarthrosis was the main reason for failed primary operation.     

Relationships between Paraspinal Muscle and Spinopelvic Sagittal Balance in Patients with Lumbar Spinal Stenosis

ObjectiveTo investigate the relationships between measurements of paraspinal muscle and spinopelvic sagittal parameters and the predictive value of lumbar indentation value (LIV) on sagittal balance in patients with lumbar spinal stenosis.MethodsIt was a retrospective study. We collected the data of 110 patients, who were diagnosed as lumbar spinal stenosis from December 2018 to May 2019. The total cross‐sectional area (tCSA), functional cross‐sectional area (fCSA), and fatty infiltration (FI) of paraspinal muscle were measured. The spinopelvic sagittal parameters were also measured, including sagittal vertical axis (SVA), pelvic incidence (PI), pelvic tilt (PT), sacral slope (SS), lumbar lordosis (LL), thoracic kyphosis (TK), and PI minus LL (PI‐LL). Correlations between measurements of paraspinal muscle and sagittal parameters were investigated by Pearson correlation analysis. The multiple linear regression analysis was used to investigate the LIV, age, gender, and BMI for assessing spinopelvic sagittal balance. Receiver‐operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to find out the most optimum cut‐off point of LIV for evaluating SVA.ResultsThere were 42 males and 68 females in this study and the mean age was 59.9 ± 10.9 years old. By Pearson correlation analysis, MF tCSA showed significant association with LL (r = 0.455, P < 0.01) and PI‐LL (r = −0.286, P < 0.01). MF fCSA had a significant correlation with LL (r = 0.326, P < 0.01) and PI‐LL (r = −0.209, P < 0.05). LIV was also significantly correlated to spinopelvic sagittal parameters, including SVA (r = −0.226, P < 0.05), LL (r = 0.576, P < 0.01), TK (r = 0.305, P < 0.01), and PI‐LL (r = −0.379, P < 0.01). By multiple linear regression analysis, LIV was independently associated with sagittal parameters, including PI‐LL and SVA. The cut‐off value of LIV for SVA ≤ 50 mm was 10.5 mm (AUC = 0.641). According to the best cut‐off value, patients were divided into two groups. For patients with LIV ≤ 10.5 mm, the percentage of SVA ≤ 50 mm was 54.5% (18/33), while it was 83.1% (64/77) for patients with LIV >10.5 mm.ConclusionsAs a new index to evaluate paraspinal muscle atrophy, the LIV was independently correlated to spinopelvic sagittal balance. Degeneration of paraspinal muscle was associated with spinopelvic sagittal balance.     

强直性脊柱炎后凸畸形矫形前后 生活质量与影像学参数分析

  目的 进行强直性脊柱炎(ankylosing spondylitis, AS)僵硬性胸腰段后凸畸形矫形前后影 像学参数与主观评分的相关性研究。 方法2004 年1 月至2010 年3 月, 对收治的38 例无脊髓神经症 状与体征、双髋活动良好的AS 僵硬性胸腰段后凸畸形患者, 行后路单节段或双节段经椎弓根截骨矫形 椎弓根螺钉内固定术。男24例, 女14 例;年龄22~57 岁, 平均35 岁。测量AS 患者矫形前后身高、颌眉 角、屈膝角、全脊柱后凸角(Cobb T1~S1)、骨盆入射角(pelvic incidence, PI)、骨盆倾斜角(pelvic title, PT)、 骶骨倾斜角(sacral slope, SS)、矢状面平衡距离(sagittal vertical axis, SVA), 记录患者矫形前后Oswestry 功能障碍指数(Oswestry disability index, ODI)、脊柱侧凸研究会-22 项问卷(scoliosis research society-22, SRS-22)评分。分析矫形前后外观、影像学参数及主观评分变化;控制影响患者个体差异的因素, 将影像 学参数及主观评分行偏相关分析。 结果 患者矫形后外观、生存质量、活动能力、心理状态趋于正常; Cobb T1~S1、SVA及骨盆位置性参数(PT、SS)显著改善。矫形前Cobb T1~S1、PT、SS、SVA 与ODI 行走、站 立分项呈偏相关。矫形后PT、SS 与ODI 总分、行走、站立呈偏相关, 但Cobb T1~S1、SVA 与ODI 总分、行 走、站立不呈偏相关。 结论 骨盆后旋状态导致AS 后凸畸形患者直立活动能力下降, 确保骨盆中立位 是矢状面平衡重建的最终目标。