Invasive thymoma with venous intraluminal extension: CT and MRI findings

We herein report an unusual case of invasive thymoma with venous intraluminal extension. The thymoma extended into the superior vena cava, the left brachiocephalic vein, and the proximal portion of the left jugular and subclavian veins intraluminally. It was suggested that the tumor had a discrete intravascular growth via the thymic vein into the left brachiocephalic vein and extended into the proximal portion of the left jugular and subclavian veins in the opposite direction of the venous stream.     

Quantitative gallium-67 scanning for predictive value in primary lung carcinoma

Gallium-67 scintigraphy was performed on 87 patients with a variety of histological types of untreated primary lung carcinoma. Gallium-67 uptake was determined, allowing for differences in tumor size. Differential uptakes were found for the various tumor types, with anaplastic small-cell carcinoma having the greatest average uptake, and adenocarcinoma and anaplastic large-cell carcinoma the smallest. Gallium-67 uptake was compared with response to radiation therapy, incidence of metastasis, and host survival in 58 of the patients. From these results it is suggested that the greater the Ga-67 accumulation in the tumor, the more effective is radiation therapy in reducing tumor size. Gallium-67 scintigraphy appears to be a valuable tool in estimating the sensitivity of the tumor before radiation therapy and in indicating the prognosis following radiation therapy in patients with primary lung carcinoma.     

Ga-67 positivity in sarcoidosis of the skin with coincident thyroid uptake of uncertain etiology

Gallium-67 citrate scintigraphy of a 26-year-old woman with systemic sarcoidosis demonstrated abnormal radiotracer uptake within multiple biopsy-proven sarcoidal cutaneous lesions and within both lobes of the thyroid gland. The etiology of the thyroidal uptake of the Ga-67 was uncertain but it may represent sarcoidal involvement of the gland.     

Hemopericardium resulting from attempted internal jugular vein catheterization: A case report and review of complications of central venous catheterization

An unusual case of hemopericardium and presumed fatal cardiac tamponade complicating attempted right internal jugular vein catheterization by the posterior approach is reported. Reports of complications in a series of internal jugular vein catheterizations using various approaches (posterior, central, anterior, supraclavicular) and subclavian vein catheterizations are reviewed. Internal jugular vein catheterization is not necessarily safer than subclavian vein catheterization: numerous factors determine success rate and complication rate in central venous catheterizations.     

Intense Ga-67 uptake in adenosquamous carcinoma of the pancreas

Gallium-67 citrate (Ga-67) scintigraphy was performed in a patient with adenosquamous carcinoma of the pancreas. Intense and homogeneous uptake was observed in the tumor. Few reports have dealt with Ga-67 findings in pancreatic cancers. Ga-67 uptake in the tumor was assumed to be due to accumulation in the component of squamous cell carcinoma. This case suggested that Ga-67 citrate scintigraphy may be useful in detecting adenosquamous carcinoma of the pancreas. To our knowledge, no report has described findings of Ga-67 citrate scintigraphy of adenosquamous carcinoma of the pancreas. Radiologists should remember adenosquamous carcinoma of the pancreas when encountering such scintigraphic findings.     

Testicular involvement of sarcoidosis diagnosed by gallium-67 scintigraphy

Gallium-67 scintigraphy helped to determine the extent of systemic sarcoidosis and demonstrated testicular involvement in a 32-year-old black man who presented with ataxia, weight loss, and a left testicular mass. To our knowledge, this is the first case of testicular sarcoidosis demonstrated by gallium-67 scintigraphy in a patient with systemic sarcoidosis.     

不同深静脉置管方式在乳腺癌术后化疗中的应用

目的比较不同深静脉置管方式在乳腺癌术后化疗中的临床使用效果及相关并发症。方法分别采用经锁骨下静脉、颈内静脉或外周静脉插入中心静脉导管（PICC）,为患者留置深静脉导管于上腔静脉进行乳腺癌术后辅助化疗。结果分别经锁骨下静脉、颈内静脉或外周静脉置管患者为6、9、26例,所有患者均成功置管,三组导管平均留置时间分别为（24.00±2.95）d、（27.17±5.42）d、（145.45±14.45）d,颈内静脉组发生1例置管感染,无一例发生药物渗漏性血管损伤、皮肤损伤及导管堵塞等并发症,均顺利完成化疗。结论经锁骨下静脉或颈内静脉留置时间短,平均费用低,长期使用需定期换管,适用于外周静脉插管困难患者,PICC置管保留时间长,通常一次置管可完成乳腺癌术后6次辅助化疗,定期导管护理可减少导管堵塞、感染等并发症发生,值得临床推广应用。     

Testicular involvement of sarcoidosis diagnosed by gallium-67 scintigraphy

Gallium-67 scintigraphy helped to determine the extent of systemic sarcoidosis and demonstrated testicular involvement in a 32-year-old black man who presented with ataxia, weight loss, and a left testicular mass. To our knowledge, this is the first case of testicular sarcoidosis demonstrated by gallium-67 scintigraphy in a patient with systemic sarcoidosis. Offprint requests to: A. Cahid Civelek     

Technical challenges in TIPS creation via the right subclavian vein

This report describes a 64-year-old man with Laennec cirrhosis requiring a transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) to alleviate ascites before surgical mesh repair of a large symptomatic umbilical hernia. During the procedure, both internal jugular veins and the right external jugular vein were found to be occluded. The right subclavian vein was accessed and a TIPS was successfully created. Some of the technical challenges encountered in performing the procedure from the right subclavian vein are described.     

Visualization of jugular vein on a thallium-201 scan for thyroid cancer

A 52 year-old woman with recurrent thyroid cancer showed an accumulation of Tl-201 chloride in the left side of the neck. This proved to be reflux and retention of Tl-201 chloride in the left internal jugular vein and was verified with a Tc-99m HSA flow study. This phenomenon could be mistaken for metastases of thyroid cancer.     

Planning mantle radiation therapy in patients with Hodgkin disease: role of gallium-67 scintigraphy

Detection of all sites of lymphoma is imperative for accurate planning of radiation therapy. In patients with Hodgkin disease, mantle radiation is used to treat the thoracic lymph nodes; in those with early-stage or nonbulky disease, mantle and paraaortic radiation may be the only treatment given. CT scanning of the chest adds important information to that obtained from chest radiographs. Gallium-67 scintigraphy has also been used to provide additional information on sites of active tumor. To determine the usefulness of 67Ga-citrate scintigraphy in planning the portals for radiation therapy, we analyzed the radiation treatment plans in 26 consecutive patients with Hodgkin disease; in all 26 patients, the disease had been staged by chest radiographs, chest CT scans, and gallium-67 images. Gallium-67 imaging alone provided unique information that affected the treatment plans in three patients (12%). The combined results of gallium-67 imaging and CT scans influenced the planning of radiation therapy in eight patients (31%). Gallium-67 imaging was found to be an important adjunctive study for optimal planning of radiation therapy in patients with Hodgkin disease.     

Subcutaneous chest ports via the internal jugular vein. A retrospective study of 117 oncology patients

Purpose:
To review image-guided chest port insertion using the right internal jugular vein as the access site of choice. Material and Methods:
One hundred and eighteen subcutaneous chest ports were placed via the internal jugular vein in 117 patients with malignancies using both fluoroscopic and US guidance in interventional radiology suites. Results:
The technical success rate was 100% with no procedural complications. Follow-up was obtained in all patients with total access days of 40,450 days (mean, 342.8 days). Premature catheter removal was required in 8 patients (6.8%, 0.20 per 1,000 access days) due to non-treatable complications: 2 catheter occlusions/malfunctions (1.7%, 0.05 per 1,000 access days), 1 catheter-related skin erosion (0.85%, 0.024 per 1,000 access days), and 5 infections (4.2%, 0.15 per 1,000 access days). Two symptomatic right upper extremity venous thromboses also occurred (1.7%, 0.05 per 1,000 access days) that were treated successfully with anticoagulation. Conclusion:
Image-guided placement of internal jugular vein chest ports has a high success rate and low complication rate compared with reported series of unguided subclavian vein port insertion. The internal jugular vein should be used as the preferred venous access site compared to the subclavian vein.     

Spontaneous intrajugular migration of long-term central venous access catheters.

Two patients with long-term central venous access catheters introduced via the right subclavian vein demonstrated catheter migration into the right internal jugular vein several months after satisfactory catheter placement. One patient developed internal jugular vein thrombosis, which was treated with direct infusion of urokinase before catheter removal. In the other patient, the catheter was repositioned by using an intravascular snare loop, which was introduced via the femoral vein. In the first patient, an interim chest radiograph suggested the mechanism by which the catheter had migrated and provided a clue for early detection of catheter migration.     

Gallium-67 scintigraphy in the treatment and prognosis of acute adult T-cell lymphoma

The case of a 77-year-old male patient who complained of left upper quadrant pain and progressive vomiting. Laboratory examination showed extremely high lactic acid dehydrogenase (LDH) and adult T-cell leukemia antibody (ATLA). The anatomical studies CT, MRI, US and upper GI series substantiated an omental lymphadenopathy which was causing a circumferential compression of portions of the duodenum and jejunum. Gallium-67 citrate (Ga-67) scintigraphy showed high uptake at LUQ. Ultrasound guided biopsy failed to confirm the diagnosis. Irradiation was performed. Ga-67 scintigraphy had a contributory role in clinical subtyping of the disease, planning of treatment, posttreatment assessment and prognostication of adult T-cell lymphoma.     

Malpositions and complications following central venous catheterization in relation to the access site

Malpositions and complications following central venous catheterization largely depend on the site of venous approach. Malpositions are very common after subclavian vein catheterization, and even more common after left jugular vein catheterization. On the contrary, their incidence after right jugular puncture is very low. Among complications, pneumothorax is quite common after subclavian vein catheterization, and migration of the catheter towards the heart after right jugular puncture. Vascular damages may occur in any approach: their early detection on chest radiographs very much depends on a rigorous technique. Radiology plays an important role in the early detection of malpositions and complications, which is greatly facilitated by a few ml of contrast medium injected through the catheter.     

Gallium-67 uptake in Bellini duct carcinoma of the kidney

Bellini duct carcinoma is a rare variant of renal cell carcinoma and usually has a poor prognosis. In this article, we report the Gallium-67 citrate (Ga-67) uptake in Bellini duct carcinoma. To our knowledge, this is the second reported case of Bellini duct carcinoma in which Ga-67 uptake was positive. We suggest that Ga-67 scintigraphy has potential utility in detecting Bellini duct carcinoma of the kidney. And if a hypovascular tumor of the kidney shows Ga-67 uptake, Bellini duct carcinoma should be included in the differential diagnosis.     

Multidetector CT findings of an extraordinary fenestration of the internal jugular vein

Fenestration of the internal jugular vein is a rare malformation. Herein, the authors describe an extreme fenestration of the left internal jugular vein. This anomaly was found incidentally in a 47-year-old male patient undergoing multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) imaging and MDCT angiography evaluation for vertebral artery injury due to cervical trauma. MDCT angiography showed the presence of an extremely large fenestration in the left internal jugular vein.     

血透用临时中心静脉置管相关感染的临床研究

目的探讨血液透析(血透)用临时中心静脉留置导管并发感染的相关因素及临床表现特征,寻求预防感染的有效措施。方法对104例建立中心静脉导管的血透患者进行观察。(1)对不同部位(颈内或锁骨下静脉组及股静脉组)置管的感染发生率进行比较分析。(2)对相同部位不同预防方法感染发生率的比较:从样本中筛取80例经颈内或锁骨下静脉途径的临时性中心静脉置管的患者,前期37例为对照组,采用常规措施预防导管感染;后期43例为试验组,使用抗生素多途径联合给药的试验方法,两组的感染率进行比较。结果 (1)常规预防感染方法的61例临时中心静脉导管中,共发生与静脉导管相关的感染12例(19.6%),股静脉置管感染发生率(29.2%)显著高于颈内及锁骨下静脉(13.5%)(P<0.05);(2)致病菌主要为葡萄球菌属和大肠杆菌属;(3)两组采用不同的预防感染方法感染率分别为13.5%和2.3%,其差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论股静脉置管易发生感染,而抗生素多途径联合用药有助于降低感染率,延长置管后抗生素使用时间可能减少重新置管的几率。     

Translumbar high inferior vena cava access placement in patients with thrombosed inferior vena cava filters

Venous access is a dire necessity in some patients such as those with end-stage renal disease or short gut syndrome. The right internal jugular vein is the preferred entry site for tunneled central venous catheters. Alternatively, the left internal jugular is considered next, with the external jugular and subclavian veins being considered later. Catheter-related venous stenosis approaches 40% in certain sites, resulting in loss of access sites. As sites are lost, insertion of functional long-term central venous catheters becomes challenging. Translumbar inferior vena cava (IVC) access created in two patients with limited venous access sites who had thrombosed IVCs containing IVC filters is described. Because of the higher IVC punctures in these cases, procedural planning with cross-sectional imaging is crucial to avoid puncturing the right renal artery as it passes posterior to the IVC.     

前斜角肌-锁骨间隙入路行锁骨下静脉穿刺置管的临床应用

目的探讨前斜角肌-锁骨间隙入路行锁骨下静脉穿刺置管的可行性及其特点。方法选择需行中心静脉置管的患者120例,随机分为2组(n=60):实验组采用前斜角肌-锁骨间隙入路行锁骨下静脉穿刺置管,对照组采用颈内静脉穿刺置管。观察两组穿刺置管的总成功率、一次穿刺成功率、完成时间及并发症。结果试验组总成功率及一次穿刺成功率显著高于对照组(P<0.05或P<0.01),完成时间及并发症显著少于对照组(P<0.05)。结论前斜角肌-锁骨间隙入路行锁骨下静脉穿刺置管是一种高效、安全的中心静脉置管途径。