单平面Simpson法计算右室容积的可行性研究

目的　评价单平面Simpson法计算右心室容积的可行性。方法　采用Toshiba多层螺旋CT对 15个人的右心室铸型进行扫描 ,然后沿右心室长轴重建出右心室矢状面的多平面重组(multiplanarreformattedimage ,MPR)图像 ,采用单平面Simpson法对右心室铸型的容积进行计算。右心室铸型的实际容积采用阿基米德原理计算。结果　右室铸型的实际容积为 (6 4 .2 3± 2 4 .5 1)ml,单平面Simpson法右心室容积计算值为 (5 3.18± 2 6 .2 2 )ml,平均低估右心室实际容积 (11.0 5± 13.0 9)ml(t=3.2 7,P =0 .0 0 6 )。单平面Simpson法计算的右心室容积值与右室铸型的实际容积显著相关 (r=0 86 9,P <0 .0 0 1)。结论　单平面Simpson方法可以用于右心室容积的计算 ,并适合于多种影像检查技术     

X射线心室造影计算左室容积三种方法的比较

目的评价X射线心室造影计算左心室容积的3种方法单平面面积-长度法、双平面面积-长度法和单平面Simpson法的相对准确性.方法对人的左心室铸型(12只)进行X射线摄影,分别用单平面面积-长度法、双平面面积-长度法和单平面Simpson法3种方法计算左心室容积;左心室铸型的实际容积由铸型排出水的体积来测定.结果左心室铸型的实际容积为(61.17±26.49)ml;单平面面积-长度法计算的容积为(97.50±35.56)ml;双平面面积-长度法计算的容积为(90.51±36.33)ml;单平面Simpson法计算的容积为(65.00±23.63)ml.单平面和双平面面积-长度法的计算值明显大于左心室铸型的实际容积值和单平面Simpson法的计算值(P均＜0.05);而单平面Simpson法的计算值与左心室铸型的实际容积差异无显著性(P＞0.05);单平面和双平面面积-长度法的计算值之间差异无显著性(P＞0.05).相关分析表明,单平面面积-长度法、双平面面积-长度法和单平面Simpson法的容积计算值均与左心室铸型的实际容积高度相关(r均＞0.98),但单平面和双平面面积-长度法对左心室容积的高估程度均较单平面Simpson法更高,单平面法为(36.34±17.98)ml,双平面法为(29.34±15.59)ml,单平面Simpson法为(3.83±8.48)ml,P＜0.01.结论X射线心室造影计算左室容积方法、单平面Simpson法较单平面和双平面面积-长度法更精确,但对于不具有分析软件的电影摄影设备,面积-长度法亦可用于计算左心室容积.     

超高速CT评价心室容积准确性的研究

目的：（１）评价超高速ＣＴ（ＵＦＣＴ）计算心室容积的准确性；（２）比较长轴和短国观计在计算心室容积的差异，材料与方法，采用ＩｍａｔｒｏｎＣ－１５０超高速ＣＴ扫描系统对１４个人的心脏左室铸型和１５个人的心脏右室铸型进行扫描。以修正的面积－长径（Ｓｉｐｍｐｓｏｎ）法计算左右心室铸型的容积。心室铸型的实际容积通过铸型排除水的容量来计算，结果：左、右心室的实际容积分别为５５．５７±２８．９１ｍｌ和６４．２     

时间-空间相关成像技术评估中孕期胎儿心功能的初步研究

目的 评估时间-空间相关成像( STIC)技术在中孕期胎儿心功能检查中的应用.资料与方法 110例孕20～27+6周胎儿常规超声筛查心脏无异常,用STIC技术扫描获得胎儿心脏整个心动周期的容积数据,存盘后采用体器官计算机辅助分析软件(VOCAL)进行脱机分析,手动描画出心室舒张末期容积(EDV)、收缩末期容积(ESV).计算心室的每搏量(SV)、心排血量(CO)、射血分数(EF),评价SV、CO、EF与孕龄的相关性.结果 110例胎儿中,94例(85.5％)获得满意的心脏容积数据.左、右心室SV从孕20周的(0.33±0.06) ml和(0.40±0.07) ml增加至孕27+6周的(1.13±0.11) ml和(1.29±0.11) ml,左、右心室CO从孕20周的( 49.66±8.10) ml/min和(59.96±9.43) ml/min增加至孕27+6周的(163.51±17.68) ml/min和(187.57±15.98) ml/min;左、右心室SV和CO随孕龄增加而增加,与孕龄呈正相关(左心室SV及CO r=0.93,P＜0.05.右心室:SV r =0.95,P＜0.05; CO r=0.94,P＜0.05).左、右心室EF分别为(49.48±4.12)％和(51.07±4.00)％,与孕龄无明显相关性(r=0.02、0.04,P＞ 0.05).结论 STIC技术能较为准确客观地测量胎儿心室容积,评价胎儿心功能,有望成为胎儿心功能检查的一种新方法.     

重建层厚对64层螺旋CT冠状动脉钙化积分值的影响

目的:评价重建层厚对64层螺旋CT扫描冠状动脉钙化积分值的影响。材料和方法:对50例冠状动脉钙化患者行64层螺旋CT冠状动脉造影,按1．5、3．0和5．0mm层厚重建,分别计算冠状动脉各段钙化斑块的Agatston积分、体积积分和钙质量积分,比较3种层厚重建之间积分测量值差异。结果:同一患者冠状动脉钙化斑块Agatston积分、体积积分及钙质量积分值于不同重建层厚获得不同结果:重建层厚1．5mm时Agatston积分、钙化斑块体积积分及钙质量积分值分别为(435．3±531．4)、(348．6±418．6)mm3、(89．1±111．9)mg;重建层厚3．0mm时分别为(355．3±465．9)、(304．2±384．8)mm3、(67．8±89．3)mg;重建层厚为5．0mm时积分值分别为(295．9±409．8)、(234．8±315．9)mm3、(54．3±74．6)mg。1．5mm重建层厚钙化积分值高于层厚3．0、5．0mm重建。结论:重建层厚影响冠状动脉钙化积分值的大小,薄层重建图像冠脉钙化积分值高于厚层重建图像。     

冠状动脉解剖变异对急性下壁心肌梗死经皮冠状动脉介入治疗后心功能的影响

目的应用平衡法核素心室显像(ERNA)与静息心肌灌注显像(MPI)判断冠状动脉解剖变异对急性下壁心肌梗死(AIMI)患者经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)后心室功能的影响。方法将47例经 PCI 的 AIMI 患者分为左优势型组(含均势型血液供应)12例和右优势型组35例。结合 ERNA和 MPI 结果,比较不同冠状动脉分布类型对 AIMI 患者 PCI 后双心室血流动力学和心肌供血,及3个月的短期预后影响。结果右、左优势冠状动脉供血类型患者出院前左室射血分数(LVEF)分别为(63.03±5.64)%和(57.67±7.35)%,P=0.012;高峰射血率(PER)为(3.52±0.66)和(2.93±0.73)舒张末期容积(EDV)/s,P=0.011;高峰充盈率(PFR)为(2.71±0.88)和(2.11±0.45)EDV/s,P=0.004;左心室游离壁局部射血分数(rEF)为(81.94±20.75)%和(67.25±16.54)%,P=0.032;右室射血分数(RVEF)为(37.89±3.86)%和(41.67±4.81)%,P=0.009;右心室游离壁 rEF 为(57.86±11.77)%和(67.83±10.38)%,P=0.012。PCI 后急性期左心室心肌血流灌注评分差异无显著性(P=0.357)。出院后3个月对比,仅 RVEF[(44.60±5.29)%和(48.00±3.30)%,P=0.043]差异有显著性。左心室心肌血流灌注评分差异无显著性(P=0.754)。2组自身配对研究显示各自均有多项功能参数改善。结论急性期,右优势型 AIMI 右心室功能损害更严重;恢复期,大部分患者右心室功能恢复,ERNA 可显示部分患者的持续右心室功能障碍。     

多层螺旋CT后处理测量肩胛盂径线的实验研究

目的探讨多层螺旋CT(MSCT)后处理测量肩胛盂径线的方法。方法收集成人肩胛骨干标本50个、成人肩关节防腐湿标本50个,用16层螺旋CT扫描仪扫描,行轴位厚层多平面重组(MPR)、薄层多平面重组测量肩胛盂扭转角,进行统计学处理。结果肩胛盂前后最大径厚层MPR测量值(2.45±0.27)cm,干标本薄层MPR测量值(2.44±0.26)cm,湿标本薄层MPR测量值(2.59±0.32)cm;轴位盂窝深度厚层MPR测量值(2.27±0.58)mm,薄层MPR测量值(2.34±0.68)mm;轴位盂窝后松质骨深度厚层MPR测量值(1.90±0.28)cm,薄层MPR测量值(1.92±0.28)cm;轴位盂窝后1 cm松质骨宽度厚层MPR测量值(1.08±0.23)cm,薄层MPR测量值(1.02±0.20)cm;盂上下最大径厚层MPR测量值(3.36±0.30)cm,薄层MPR测量值(3.39±0.28)cm;冠状位盂窝深度干标本厚层MPR测量值(4.35±0.65)mm,湿标本厚层MPR测量值(3.90±0.93)mm,薄层MPR测量值(4.53±0.79)mm;冠状位盂窝后松质骨深度薄层MPR测量值(1.97±0.29)cm;冠状位盂窝后1 cm松质骨宽度干标本薄层MPR测量值(3.67±0.58)cm,湿标本薄层MPR测量值(3.42±0.55)cm。结论多层螺旋CT多平面重组(MPR)测量肩胛盂径线是简单、快捷的方法。     

低剂量螺旋CT肺部扫描对肺密度的评价

目的　探讨螺旋CT扫描剂量、层厚是否对肺密度有影响 ,以决定常规剂量螺旋CT扫描测得的肺密度值能否适用于低剂量螺旋CT。资料与方法　对 2 0名志愿者进行胸部螺旋CT扫描 ,采用 5种不同参数重复扫描 :低剂量 (5 0mA) ,层厚 8mm、5mm、3mm ;常规剂量 (2 0 0mA) ,层厚 5mm、3mm。分别在主动脉弓、气管隆突、下肺静脉干平面测量肺密度 (HU) ,计算不同剂量、层厚平均肺密度并进行统计学分析。结果　低剂量CT扫描 3种层厚中 8mm的肺密度值为 - 793± 4 5HU ,5mm为 - 80 0± 4 6HU ,3mm为 - 80 2± 5 1HU ,三者无统计学差异 (P >0 .0 5 ) ;层厚 5mm的肺密度值 ,低剂量为 - 80 0± 4 6HU ,常规剂量为 - 80 1± 37HU ,两者无统计学差异 (P >0 .0 5 ) ;层厚 3mm的肺密度值 ,低剂量为 - 80 2± 5 1HU ,常规剂量为 - 80 5± 4 9HU ,两者无统计学差异 (P >0 .0 5 )。结论　扫描剂量和层厚对肺密度没有显著影响 ,低剂量螺旋CT值可以参考常规剂量扫描测得的肺密度值来判断有无肺气肿等异常。     

电子束CT与常规心血管造影计算左心室容积准确性的比较

目的评价电子束ＣＴ（ＥＢＣＴ）及常规心血管造影计算左心室容积的相对准确性。材料与方法对１４只人的左心室铸型进行了ＥＢＣＴ扫描，并与常规双平面Ｘ线电影结果进行比较。左心室铸型的实际容积由铸型排除的水的容积来测定。结果左心室铸型的实际容积为５５．５７±２８．９１ｍｌ，ＥＢＣＴ长轴扫描的计算容积为６６．５０±３３．０４ｍｌ，ＥＢＣＴ短轴扫描的计算容积为６０．３６±２９．９０ｍｌ；常规双平面Ｘ线电影的计算容积为８２．０９±４０．４０ｍｌ。Ｘ线电影计算的左心室容积明显大于ＥＢＣＴ的左心室容积值及左心室铸型的实际容积值（Ｐ＜０．００１）。相关分析表明，ＥＢＣＴ及双平面Ｘ线造影的左心室计算容积值均与左心室铸型的实际容积高度相关（ｒ均高于０．９８）；但双平面Ｘ线电影对左心室容积值的高估程度较ＥＢＣＴ更高（Ｘ线电影为２６．５２±１６．１１ｍｌ，ＥＢＣＴ短轴扫描为４．７９±６．５９ｍｌ，ＥＢＣＴ长轴扫描为１０．９３±８．１４ｍｌ，Ｐ＜０．０１）。结论在左心室容积计算方面，ＥＢＣＴ较常规心血管造影更精确，其同样可以作为左心室容积计算的金标准。     

胰腺多层螺旋CT灌注研究

目的　使用多层螺旋CT的肿瘤灌注软件 ,测量和评价正常胰腺和胰腺癌的CT灌注情况。方法　采用GELightspeedUltra多层螺旋CT的电影模式 ( 1s/周 ) ,5mm层厚 ,4层 ,12 0kV ,60mA ;采用高压注射器注射非离子型对比剂 50ml( 3 0 0mgI/ml) ,流率 3 5ml/s ,延迟 5s ,数据采集 45s。在SunUltraAW 4 0工作站使用Perfusion 2 (GE公司 )软件包 (去卷积算法 ) ,分别测量 3 7例正常胰腺和 3 7例胰腺癌及 3例无功能胰岛细胞瘤的血流量 (BF)、血容量 (BV)、平均通过时间 (MTT)和表面通透性(PS)的平均值 ,并进行统计学分析。结果　正常胰腺组的BF、BV、MTT和PS的平均值分别为 ( 3 3 86 2± 1596 1)ml·min- 1·kg- 1、( 2 67 3± 13 0 2 )ml·kg- 1、( 6 59± 2 59)s、( 2 88 2± 2 0 3 9)ml·min- 1·kg- 1。胰腺癌组的BF、BV、MTT和PS的平均值分别为 ( 2 3 2 3 1± 1841 2 )ml·min- 1·kg- 1、( 189 7± 160 6)ml·kg- 1、( 7 93± 3 92 )s、( 4 57 2± 2 61 6)ml·min- 1·kg- 1。胰腺癌组和正常胰腺组的BF、BV和PS的平均值差异具有显著性意义 (P值分别为 0 0 1、0 0 2 5和 0 0 0 3 )。胰腺癌和正常组织的MTT的平均值差异无显著性意义 (P =0 0 87)。结论　多层螺旋CT的胰腺灌注图像和数值比较容易获得。     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.