猪胆酸和胆红素快速联产工艺的研究

目的 建立一种低成本、高收率的从猪苦胆中同时提取胆红素和胆酸的联产工艺。方法 在胆红素单一提取法的基础上,优化试验条件,筛选最佳提取试剂及组和,建立了快速从猪胆汁中同时分离提取胆红素和胆酸的联产工艺。结果 该提取工艺所得胆红素纯度可达到89％,胆酸的纯度73.2％,质量符合中国药典要求;胆红素收率为0.0303％,胆酸收率可达3.5％。结论 所得胆红素和胆酸的产率达到或超过单产工艺的产率。     

猪胆酸和胆红素快速联产工艺的研究

目的 建立一种低成本、高收率的从猪苦胆中同时提取胆红素和胆酸的联产工艺。方法在胆红素单一提取法的基础上，优化试验条件，筛选最佳提取试剂及组和，建立了快速从猪胆汁中同时分离提取胆红素和胆酸的联产工艺。结果该提取工艺所得胆红素纯度可达到89％，胆酸的纯度73．2％，质量符合中国药典要求；胆红素收率为0．0303％，胆酸收率可达3．5％。结论所得胆红素和胆酸的产率达到或超过单产工艺的产率。     

猪胆汁中三种主要胆汁酸的提取分离

目的从提取胆红素下脚料中同时提取三种胆汁酸。方法混合猪胆汁酸粗品在硫酸催化下形成甲酯,利用猪去氧胆酸甲酯与苯形成的加合物不溶于苯的性质将其分离出来;用乙酸酐将剩余胆汁酸甲酯中的所有羟基转化为乙酸酯,利用猪胆酸甲酯三乙酸酯在正己烷中溶解度低的性质,使其分离,最后用无水乙醇结晶分离出鹅去氧胆酸甲酯二乙酸酯。所得各种猪胆汁酸酯经乙醇-NaOH溶液水解得到纯猪去氧胆酸、猪胆酸和鹅去氧胆酸,并对产物结构进行了表征,纯度经HPLC测定均大于98%。结果通过一次工艺流程分离出三种胆酸,含量均大于98%。结论该提取工艺提高了原料的利用率,适合工业化生产。     

从牛胆汁中提取牛磺胆酸的工艺研究

目的：建立从牛胆囊胆汁中分离提纯天然牛磺胆酸的工艺。方法：采用盐析、萃取、脱水等生物化学方法和吸附柱层析法及薄层层析色谱法从牛胆汁中分离纯化牛磺胆酸。结果：所得产品经薄层层析法、红外光谱扫描法证实为牛磺胆酸。经薄层扫描法测定含量,牛磺胆酸平均纯度达97.5%;提取方法回收率为61%。结论：建立了从牛胆汁中提取牛磺胆酸的工艺,为进一步开发动物胆汁及利用牛磺胆酸奠定了基础。     

从牛胆汁提取胆红素——树脂法

<正> 从牛胆汁中提取胆红素的方法,目前已有胆钙盐法,和直接快速法提取胆红素。我厂参照有关文献,采用树脂法从牛胆汁中提取胆红素,并可同时得到胆酸。经过实验筛选的D_(261)树脂,胆红素的平均收率为0.006174％,比钙盐法的平均收率0.00461％高33.93％。胆红素平均含量为90.59％,高于钙盐法的平均含量46.63％。     

胆红素IX_α的提取与纯化研究

用直接水解法从新鲜猪胆汁中提取胆红素IX_α,所得胆红素粗品用改良的氯仿抽提法进行纯化。通过元素分析、红外光谱和质谱等对胆红素的纯度进行确证。胆红素的质谱图上出现清晰的特征谱峰,这些谱峰可望在胆红素异构体和纯度的快速检验方面得到应用。     

离子交换法制备胆红素的研究

用离子交换树脂从猪胆汁中提取胆红素,得率可达0.039%,纯度91%。该法工艺新颖,设备简单,操作方便,适于批量自动化生产,值得推广应用。     

从青蒿素的残膏中再提青蒿素的方法

目的 研究开发从分离青蒿素后的废弃残膏中再提取、纯化青蒿素的工艺路线.方法 采用萃取-结晶法.结果 可从残膏中再提取、纯化青蒿素,平均收率为0.86%,纯度为95.75%.结论 成功地建立了从青蒿素的残膏中再提取青蒿素的方法,该方法简便、收率高,具有一定的应用价值.     

川芎中阿魏酸的提取分离

目的:研究川芎中阿魏酸的提取工艺.方法:川芎粉碎后用碱性乙醇提取,减压浓缩,盐酸酸化,乙醚萃取,碳酸钠液溶解,高效液相色谱法(HPLC)测定.结果:用7.5倍pH12,90%乙醇提取所得粗品中阿魏酸相对含量为68.49%,收率为0.656 8mg·g-1药材,精制品中阿魏酸相对含量为98.98%,收率为0.25mg·g-1药材.结论:本工艺简单,实用,阿魏酸纯度高.     

硫酸软骨素制备工艺的优化

目的建立提取硫酸软骨素优化工艺。方法通过正交实验对生产工艺中4个关键因素进行优化,并对产品进行纯度鉴定和理化性质分析。结果在此优化条件下,硫酸软骨素产率为33.8%,纯度用间苯三酚分光光度法测定为93.7%,供试品经红外光谱鉴定含有较多的硫酸软骨素A,所有指标均符合部颁要求。结论此工艺可有效提高产品纯度和产率,达到了优化目的。     

Degraded and undegraded carrageenans and experimental gastric and duodenal ulceration

The prevention of histamine-induced gastric and duodenal ulceration in the guinea-pig has been examined using a series of undegraded and degraded carrageenans. Undegraded carrageenans were active at lower doses than degraded carrageenans. The high viscosity of the undegraded carrageenans in solution prevented their use in larger doses. Degradation of carrageenan without serious loss of sulphate, gives a product which allows the dose to be increased to an extent that its effect more than offsets the slight loss in activity caused by the degradation. No single feature of carrageenan structure can be related to anti-ulcer activity although degradation, and hence reduction of molecular size, generally reduces activity. Sulphate contents over 30% have little apparent effect on activity; κ-carrageenans were not consistently different in anti-ulcer activity from Λ-carrageenans. This contrasts with the antipeptic activity of carrageenans where κ-carrageenans are less active than their Λ-counter-parts. As with antipeptic activity, the degree of anti-ulcer activity is probably determined by a combination of structural features which includes molecular size and polyanionic properties.     

Affective and Anxiety Disorders and Alcohol and Drug Dependence:

Depression and anxiety frequently coexist in patients with substance use disorders. This clinically-oriented article examiens the relationship between these conditions and emphasizes data showing that substances of abuse can cause signs and symptoms of both depression and anxiety. These substance-related syndromes appear to have a different course and prognosis than uncomplicated, independent anxiety and major depressive disorders, and clinicians should consider the role of alcohol and other drugs in all patients presenting with these complaints. The authors will also outline an approach for diagnosing and managing patients with the combination of a substance use and depressive or anxiety disorder.     

Alcohol and Substance Use and Abuse in Women and Children

No abstract available for this article.     

Glucosidase and fucosidase inhibitors and Advances in nucleosides and nucleotides.

The American Chemical Society Symposium "Glucosidase and fucosidase inhibitors" took place on 1 April 1998 and was organized by Professors Zbigniew J Witczak (UConn, School of Pharmacy, CT, USA), Kuniaki Tatsuta (Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan) and Waldemar Priebe, MD (Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, USA). Professor Witczak provided introductory remarks including the status of existing glucosidase inhibitors, and chaired the morning session, which consisted of six lectures. The symposium was well received, and was particularly attractive for those interested in networking, as attendance was about sixty. In addition, some participants and attendees presented posters on the subject during the regular poster session organized by the Division of Carbohydrate Chemistry.