起搏器最小化心室起搏功能对心脏重构和心房颤动发生率的影响

目的观察双腔起搏器最小化心室起搏功能对患者心力衰竭和心房颤动(房颤)发生率的影响。方法选择青岛阜外医院心脏中心32例具备心室起搏管理(MVP)、房室间期自动搜索(Search AV+)或心室自身优先(VIP)功能的双腔起搏器患者为试验组,开启最小化心室起搏功能,30例不具备MVP、Search AV+或VIP功能的双腔起搏器患者设为对照组,延长房室间期至固定值。于术后1周,12个月,24个月进行起搏器程控、超声心电图、临床心功能评价和实验室检查,观察患者心脏结构、功能以及房颤发生率的变化。结果试验组32例(男性15例),年龄72.6±7.2岁;对照组30例(男性14例),年龄76.4±8.5岁。与对照组比较,试验组患者心室起搏比例明显降低[(26.2±20.1)%vs.(59.2±21.4%),P0.01],NT-pro BNP[(234±87)pg/ml vs.(876±134)pg/ml,P0.050]和内皮素[(1.5±0.08)ng/L vs.(5.6±0.10)ng/L,P0.05]水平更低;左房内径[(39.8±6.4)mm vs.(43.5±7.8)mm,P0.050]和左室舒张末内径[(54.7±5.7)mm vs.(60.7±6.4)mm,P0.05]较小;射血分数[(0.52±0.04)%vs.(0.48±0.05)%,P0.05]较大;房颤负荷[(9.2±8.5)min/d vs.(45.8±23.1)min/d,P0.010]较轻。结论双腔起搏器开启最小化心室起搏功能,通过减少心室起搏比例,能够减少房颤发作以及保护心功能。     

希氏束起搏与间隔部起搏对老年患者近中期心功能的影响分析

目的探讨希氏束与右心室间隔部起搏对老年患者近中期心功能的影响。方法选取2017年1月～2018年1月南方医科大学南方医院右心室间隔部起搏器置入的老年患者36例为右心室起搏组,行希氏束起搏置入的老年患者29例为希氏束起搏组。分析术后即刻、3、6个月2组起搏参数(起搏阈值、R波幅度及电极阻抗)、QRS时限,术后随访3、6个月,观察2组心脏超声及B型钠尿肽(BNP)水平。结果术后即刻、3、6个月,2组起搏阈值、R波幅度及电极阻抗比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。术后即刻、3、6个月右心室起搏组QRS时限明显长于术前,且明显长于同期希氏束起搏组,差异有统计学意义(P0.01)。2组术前心排血量、每搏量、心脏指数、LVEF、BNP水平比较,无统计学差异(P0.05);与术前比较,右心室起搏组术后6个月心排血量、每搏量及LVEF明显降低,BNP水平明显升高,差异有统计学意义(P0.05,P0.01)。与右心室起搏组比较,希氏束起搏组术后3、6个月心排血量、术后6个月每搏量、心脏指数及LVEF水平明显升高,术后3、6个月BNP水平明显降低[(30.77±5.60)ng/L vs (34.58±7.32)ng/L,P=0.02;(28.20±6.30)ng/L vs (41.40±7.32)ng/L,P=0.00]。结论与右心室流出道间隔部起搏相比,希氏束起搏可以明显改善老年患者的中期心功能。     

Ⅲ度房室传导阻滞患者行VVI及DDD起搏后心功能及超敏C反应蛋白的比较

目的比较Ⅲ度房室传导阻滞(AVB)患者行VVI及DDD起搏后心功能、N-末端B型脑钠肽(NT-pro BNP)及超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)的变化。方法选取Ⅲ度AVB患者50例,按起搏方式分组。VVI组(n=25)植入单腔起搏器,起搏模式为VVI;DDD组(n=25)植入双腔起搏器,起搏模式为DDD。随访3年,比较患者起搏参数、左房内径(LAD)、左室舒张末径(LVEDD)、左室射血分数(LVEF)、左室舒张功能(E/A)、心脏指数(CI)、每搏输出量(SV)、右室内径(RV)、hs-CRP、NT-pro BNP等指标。结果两组心室电极感知、阈值、阻抗、右室起搏比例均无差异。术后LAD、LVEDD进行性扩大,LVEF进行性下降,CI较前改善,均以VVI组较为明显;SV指标VVI组术后逐年下降,而DDD组术后1年明显增加,随后下降。术后hs-CRP、NT-pro BNP进行性升高,均以VVI组较为明显。患者hs-CRP与LVEDD、LAD、NT-pro BNP之间、NT-pro BNP与LVEDD间存在正相关关系,hs-CRP、NT-pro BNP与LVEF间存在负相关关系。结论Ⅲ度AVB患者长期VVI及DDD起搏将不同程度导致心功能恶化,VVI起搏为甚,起搏术后心功能恶化与炎症反应可能有关。     

脉搏指数连续心输出量监测在急性心肌梗死合并心源性休克患者中的应用

目的探讨脉搏指数连续心输出量监测(PICCO)在急性心肌梗死(AMI)合并心源性休克(CS)患者中的应用价值。方法入选2012年1月至2013年1月因AMI合并心源性休克(CS)入住南京鼓楼医院集团宿迁市人民医院心血管内科重症监护病房(CCU)患者56例。其中男性35例,女性21例,年龄28~75岁,平均(56.5±2.3)岁。随机分成PICCO组(27例)及对照组(29例)。对照组入CCU后立即监测血压,心率,呼吸次数,血氧饱和度及心电图,记录体温变化,深静脉穿刺监测中心静脉压(CVP)。PICCO组在此基础上,进行深静脉置管+股动脉置管+PICCO模块连接。监测心脏指数(CI),血管外肺水指数(EVLWI)及血清N-末端脑钠肽前体(NT-pro BNP)变化情况。结果与PICCO治疗24 h比较,治疗48 h EVLWI[(8.85±0.73)ml/kg vs.(7.41±1.36)ml/kg]下降,CI[(2.21±0.45)L/min·m2 vs.(2.60±0.17)L/min·m2]增加,NT-pro BNP[(4069.48±65.32)pg/ml vs.(3721±20.32)pg/ml]下降,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。随着时间延长,EVLWI下降,CI增加,NT-pro BNP呈降低的趋势。同时,EVLWI与NT-pro BNP呈直线正相关(r=0.78,P0.05)。PICCO组患者血管活性药物使用时间,入住CCU时间,机械通气时间,病死率以及出院时血清NT-pro BNP水平明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P均0.05)。结论 PICCO对于AMI合并CS患者的治疗具有重要价值。     

运动康复治疗对慢性稳定性心力衰竭患者运动耐力、心肺功能及生活质量的影响

目的:探讨运动康复治疗对慢性稳定性心力衰竭(心衰)患者运动耐力、心肺功能和生活质量的影响。方法:入选的96例纽约心脏协会(NYHA)心功能Ⅱ~Ⅲ级、左心室射血分数(LVEF)40%的慢性稳定性心衰患者在药物治疗基础上,随机分为运动康复组(n=46)和对照组(n=50)。运动康复组采用踏车运动康复,训练强度为基线水平症状限制性心肺运动试验测得的峰值氧耗量(peak VO2)50%~80%;每周运动3次,每次25~40 min。在基线及12周随访结束时通过心肺运动试验测peak VO2、二氧化碳通气当量斜率(VE/VCO2 slop)、无氧阈氧耗量(VO2 AT)、最大运动功率和最大运动时间;超声心动图检查左心房内径(LAD)、左心室舒张末期内径(LVEDD)、心脏指数(CI)、LVEF;测6 min步行距离;检测血浆N末端B型利钠肽原(NT-pro BNP);通过明尼苏达心衰生活质量问卷表(MLWHFQ)评估生活质量。对上述指标进行组内及组间比较。结果:运动康复组患者通过12周的规律有氧运动训练,与基线水平比较,peak VO2[(19.8±2.7)ml/(min·kg)vs(17.4±2.1)ml/(min·kg)]、VO2 AT[(11.6±2.5)ml/(min·kg)vs(9.5±1.8)ml/(min·kg)]、最大运动功率[(120±20)W vs(102±21)W]、最大运动时间[(8.2±1.7)min vs(6.4±1.5)min]、CI[(2.2±0.5)L/(min·m2)vs(1.9±0.4)L/(min·m2)]、LVEF[(42±5)%vs(35±4)%]和6 min步行距离[(406±58)m vs(345±79)m]均增加(P均0.05),VE/VCO2 slop[(31.7±4.6)vs(34.2±5.8)]、LAD[(38.6±5.5)mm vs(41.5±3.6)mm]、LVEDD[(58.4±6.3)mm vs(62.9±5.4)mm]、NT-pro BNP[(235±69)ng/ml vs(387±57)ng/ml]和MLWHFQ总评分[(30.8±12.0)分vs(42.3±8.5)分]下降(P均0.05);运动康复组与对照组比较,上述指标之间的差异也均有统计学意义(P均0.05)。而对照组随访12周后,上述指标与基线水平比较,差异无统计学意义(P均0.05)。结论:运动康复治疗能安全、有效地改善慢性稳定性心衰患者的运动耐力、心肺功能和生活质量。     

心房起搏电极刺激对血NT-proBNP与左心功能的影响

目的观察起搏器心房电极电流刺激对心房分泌氨基末端脑钠肽前体(N-terminal probrain natriuretic peptide,NT-pro BNP)及心功能的影响。方法共纳入95例入选者均为窦性心动过缓,植入双腔起搏器(DDD)。术后均设置DDD模式;术后3月程控为VDD模式,观察期10 d。分别于程控前及观察期后检测血NT-pro BNP,同期行心脏多普勒超声测量:左心房内径(LAD)、左心室舒张末期内径(LVEDD)、左心室收缩末期内径(LVESD)及左心室射血分数(LVEF)的变化。结果采用VDD模式10 d后,NT-pro BNP值较前明显减少[110.36(94.61,197.11)ng/L vs.94.36(86.32,128.36)ng/L,P0.01];患者LVEF值较前减小[(55.47±6.10)%vs.(51.27±5.68)%,P=0.03];LAD值[29.80(26.55,33.05)mm vs.30.50(26.80,35.80)mm,P=0.09]和LVEDD值[48.60(46.25,50.50)mm vs.48.80(47.55,53.65)mm,P=0.12]呈增加趋势。结论双腔起搏器患者心房电极起搏对心房分泌NT-pro BNP有促进作用,对患者心功能改善具有积极影响。     

老年原发性高血压患者血压变异性对新发心房颤动的影响

目的探讨老年原发性高血压患者血压变异性对新发心房颤动(房颤)的影响。方法回顾性研究2010年1月~2011年12月在我院住院治疗不伴房颤的老年原发性高血压患者683例,根据随访期间是否新发房颤分为房颤组69例及非房颤组614例。记录基线特征、超声心动图参数。进行动态血压监测,按收缩压变异性中位数9.89mm Hg(1mm Hg=0.133kPa)将入选患者分为高变异性342例和低变异性341例。应用Cox回归方程分析血压变异性对新发房颤的影响。结果房颤组24h收缩压变异性明显高于非房颤组[(11.13±3.50)mm Hg vs(10.21±3.41)mm Hg,P=0.034],24h舒张压明显低于非房颤组[(67.19±8.16)mm Hg vs(69.33±8.39)mm Hg,P=0.045]。多因素Cox回归分析显示,24h收缩压变异性、脑出血及心脏永久性起搏器置入是老年原发性高血压患者新发房颤的独立危险因素(HR=1.949,95%CI:1.175~3.233,P=0.010;HR=2.983,95%CI:1.075~8.277,P=0.036;HR=2.567,95%CI:1.370~4.810,P=0.003)。结论收缩压变异性升高是老年原发性高血压患者新发房颤的独立危险因素。     

增强型体外反搏对慢性心力衰竭患者心功能指标的影响

目的观察增强型体外反搏(EECP)装置应用于慢性心力衰竭(CHF)患者后对心功能指标的影响并评价其安全性。方法选择2015年1月至2017年1月在广东省江门市中心医院心血管内科就诊的CHF患者240例,按随机数字表法将240例患者随机分为2组:EECP治疗组和对照组,每组120例。2组均按照指南常规药物治疗,EECP治疗组在对照组的基础上加行EECP治疗。观察2组治疗前后心率、6 min步行试验结果、脑钠肽(BNP)、左室射血分数(LVEF)及Tei指数变化,并比较不良反应发生率。采用SPSS 16.0软件进行数据处理。根据数据类型,组间比较采用t检验或χ~2检验。结果与治疗前相比,2组患者经过治疗后的心率、6 min步行距离、BNP水平、LVEF及Tei指数均得到显著改善(P0.05)。治疗后,与对照组相比,EECP治疗组的心率[(76.4±4.5)vs(80.7±5.7)次/min]、BNP[(1309.0±1497.2)vs(2196.1±2586.6)pg/ml]、Tei指数[(0.59±0.10)vs(0.62±0.11)]均显著下降,而6 min步行距离[(446.20±31.92)vs(407.69±34.80)m]及LVEF[(47.9±2.8)%vs(47.1±3.5)%]均显著增加(P0.05)。2组不良反应发生率差异无统计学意义(5.8%vs 6.7%,P0.05)。结论体外反搏治疗可以改善部分CHF患者的心功能指标。     

培哚普利联合螺内酯治疗慢性心力衰竭对神经内分泌的影响

目的观察培哚普利联合螺内酯治疗慢性心力衰竭(CHF)患者对其神经内分泌系统的影响,以及治疗的有效性和安全性。方法选取2013年1月~2014年10月于武汉大学中南医院心内科住院的CHF患者40例,其中男性22例,女性18例。根据射血分数分为射血分数减少(HF-REF)组,共20例;射血分数正常(HF-PEF)组,共20例。两组患者均接受心力衰竭标准化治疗,在此基础上均接受培哚普利联合螺内酯治疗4周。比较两组治疗前后N末端脑钠肽前体(NT-pro BNP)、肾素(PRA)、血管紧张素Ⅱ(AngⅡ)和醛固酮(Adlo)的水平和左室射血分数(LVEF)变化,并记录治疗的安全性。结果两组患者年龄、性别比例、体质指数、心功能分级等比较,差异无统计学意义(P均0.05)。HF-REF组治疗后较治疗前NT-pro BNP、PRA、AngⅡ水平均下降,LVEF升高,差异有统计学意义(P均0.05)。与HF-PEF组比较,HF-REF组治疗后NT-pro BNP[(457.87±103.23)pg/ml vs.(785.76±73.45)pg/ml]升高,PRA[(17.92±5.37)ng(ml·h)vs.(9.81±6.94)ng(ml·h)]、AngⅡ[(78.28±18.89)pg/ml vs.(63.28±20.31)pg/ml]、LVEF[(65.15±3.54)%vs.(56.51±7.42)%]降低,差异有统计学意义(P均0.05)。结论培哚普利联合螺内酯治疗射血分数减少的慢性心力衰竭患者,可以有效改善PRA、AngⅡ水平,并且安全性较好。     

急性中毒性心肌损害患者血浆N-末端B型利钠肽原水平观察

目的:观察急性中毒性心肌损害患者血浆N-末端B型利钠肽原(NT-pro BNP)的变化,探讨其临床意义。方法:选取我科住院的急性中毒患者107例,其中合并心肌损害者57例(A组),非心肌损害者50例(B组),另设健康对照者20例(C组)。测定中毒后24 h内血浆NT-pro BNP及肌钙蛋白I(c Tn I)水平,比较3组之间血浆NT-pro BNP水平,并将血浆NT-pro BNP水平与c Tn I进行相关性分析。结果:A、B、C组血浆NT-pro BNP水平分别为(3167.64±1120.41)pg/m L、(176.62±45.43)pg/m L、(60.19±42.17)pg/m L,差异均有统计学意义(P0.01),血浆NT-pro BNP水平在心肌损害组与非心肌损害组间存在差异,且在急性中毒患者血清中水平升高。血浆NT-pro BNP水平与c Tn I成正相关(r=0.963,P0.05)。logistic回归分析显示血浆NT-pro BNP是心脏事件发生的独立危险因素,其相对危险度的估计值为11.6(P=0.001)。结论:急性中毒可引起血浆NT-pro BNP水平增高,NT-pro BNP可作为判断中毒时心肌是否受损的指标,是预测急性中毒患者心脏事件的独立危险因素。     

Research and Evaluation of the Influence of the Construction of the Gate and the Influence of the Piston Velocity on the Distribution of Gases into the Volume of the Casting

Distribution of gasses to the cast volume and volume of pores can be maintained within the acceptable limits by means of correct setting of technological parameters of casting and by selection of suitable structure and gating system arrangement. The main idea of this paper solves the issue of suitability of die casting adjustment—i.e., change of technological parameters or change of structural solution of the gating system—with regards to inner soundness of casts produced in die casting process. Parameters which were compared included height of a gate and velocity of a piston. The melt velocity in the gate was used as a correlating factor between the gate height and piston velocity. The evaluated parameter was gas entrapment in the cast at the end of the filling phase of die casting cycle and at the same time percentage of porosity in the samples taken from the main runner. On the basis of the performed experiments it was proved that the change of technological parameters, particularly of pressing velocity of the piston, directly influences distribution of gasses to the cast volume.     

Weighing the QT Intervals with the Slope or the Amplitude of the T Wave

Objective: The reproducibility of QT interval measurements is low, even for the mean QT interval based on the standard ECG. In this study we analyzed whether the reproducibility of the mean weighed QT interval was better than the simple mean QT interval. The weighing was based on the amplitude of the T wave or the slope of the steepest tangent on the terminal part of the T wave. Material and methods: 12‐lead ECGs of 130 postmyocardial infarction patients were obtained. The QT intervals were measured by the tangent‐method on two occasions by the same observer Mismatch QT intervals were defined as QT intervals that were measured at only one occasion. Sixteen ECGs were rejected. The data were split into 34 and 80 ECGs for optimization and validation of the weighing, respectively. The weighed QT dispersion was calculated as the weighed mean of the three longest minus the weighed mean of the three shortest QT intervals. Results: Weighing with the slope increased the reproducibility by 41% (P = 3 10^‐6), but weighing with the amplitude reduced it by 20% (P = 0.02). However, if measurements with errors above 75 ms were rejected, weighing with the slope or the amplitude increased the reproducibility with 26% and 20% (P = 0.02), respectively. Weighing did not change the reproducibility of the weighed QT dispersion. Conclusion: Weighing with the slope improved the reproducibility of the mean weighed QT interval. However, if measurements with errors above 75 ms were rejected, weighing with the amplitude also increased the reproducibility. Weighing did not change the reproducibility of the weighed QT dispersion. Weighing is particularly efficient at reducing the negative impact of mismatch QT intervals on the reproducibility. A.N.E. 2002;7(1):4–9     

县级以下综合医疗机构医务人员对现代结控知识的认识现状调查

目的本文旨在了解医务人员现代结控知识掌握的现状及培训效果?方法于培训前后进行问卷调查,内容包括:病例发现?结核病诊断及化疗?结果培训前疫情报告和转诊,回答正确者占75.2%?71.7%;对临床表现?查痰和诊断依据,回答正确者占83.5%?42.5%?40.8%;抗痨药物?用药方法?化疗原则?短化方案?短化疗程?治愈标准六项,回答正确者占58%?14.4%?20.8%?9.2%?17%?24.3%?培训后再次调查发现,90%以上医务人员对现代结控基本知识已掌握?结论各级医务人员现代结控知识是很贫乏的,因此,对其进行系统培训是极为必要的,此项工作省时?省力?投入少,可收到事半功倍的效果。     

大骨节病病区水,粮实验对动物的骨和软骨中化学元素组成的影响

用质子激发 X 线荧光分析方法(PIXE)测定了大骨节病病区和非病区的水、粮以及用该水粮喂养的大白鼠的肋软骨和硬骨中22种化学元素的含量。结果发现水粮中存在差异的元素反应在用该水粮喂养的大白鼠的骨、软骨中也存在差异,含量都低的元素有 P、Mn、Cu、As、Zn。都高的有铅。其中锌低在水、粮、硬骨和软骨中都完全一致呈非常显著性差异(p<0.01)。提示病区水、粮中化学元素对骨质的影响不是单一元素缺乏或过多所致,而是多种元素的复合因素。     

Assessment of the Soft-Tissue Seal at the Interface between the Base of the Fixed Denture Pontic and the Oral Mucosa

Fixed dentures (bridges) are often selected as a treatment option for a defective prosthesis. In this study, we assess the contact condition between the base of the pontic and oral mucosa, and examine the effect of prosthetic preparation and material biocompatibility. The molars were removed and replaced with experimental implants with a free-end type bridge superstructure after one week. In Experiment 1, we assessed different types of prosthetic pre-treatment: (1) the untreated control group (Con: mucosa recovering from the tooth extraction); (2) the laser irradiation group (Las: mucosa recovering after the damage caused by a CO₂ laser); and (3) the tooth extraction group (Ext: mucosa recovering immediately after the teeth extraction). In Experiment 2, five materials (titanium, zirconia, porcelain, gold-platinum alloy, and self-curing resin) were placed at the base of the bridge pontic. Four weeks after the placement of the bridge, the mucosa adjacent to the pontic base was histologically analyzed. In Experiment 1, the Con and Las groups exhibited no formation of an epithelial sealing structure on the pontic base. In the Ext group, adherent epithelium was observed. In Experiment 2, the sealing properties at the pontic interface were superior for titanium and the zirconia compared with those made of porcelain or gold-platinum alloy. In the resin group, a clear delay in epithelial healing was observed.     

高胆红素血症对肿瘤标志物测定的影响探讨

目的探讨高胆红素血症对Ca19-9、Ca24-2和CEA检测的影响.方法对320例胆管、胆囊良恶性疾病病人,15例胆囊炎病人的胆汁和血清以及10例肝硬化、10例黄疸肝炎病人进行Ca19-9、Ca24-2和CEA检测.结果在良性胆管、胆囊疾病中,Ca19-9的假阳性最高;在胆红素增高的良性疾病中,Ca19-9假阳性率达46.7%;15例胆汁和血清以及10例肝硬化和10例黄疸肝炎病人中,Ca19-9的假阳性率分别为93%、20%、80%和80%.结论高胆红素血症对Ca19-9检测影响最明显,胆囊、胆管良恶性疾病鉴别时,以Ca24-2和CEA检测为佳.     

Echocardiography in the Emergency Department: From the Perspective of the Emergency Physician and the Cardiologist

Echocardiography performed in the emergency department must adapt to this new setting for noninvasive diagnostic testing. Emergency physicians require echocardiography to provide rapid diagnosis in life-threatening emergencies. New initiatives are being proposed by emergency physicians in the delivery of this test. Cardiologists now use echocardiography in the emergency-department to make the diagnosis of heart disease earlier and with greater accuracy.