SYNTAX积分预测冠心病复杂病变患者经皮冠状动脉介入治疗预后的作用

目的评价SYNTAX积分对冠心病3支病变和(或)左主干病变患者PCI预后的作用。方法经冠状动脉造影证实的3支病变和(或)左主干病变并接受PCI的患者1 90例。对每例患者造影结果进行SYNTAX评分,SYNTAX评分按三分位数分为:低分组、中分组和高分组,通过门诊或电话随访患者主要不良心脑血管事件(MACCE)。结果经PCI的冠心病3支病变和(或)左主干病变190例患者中,29例出现MACCE,发生率为15.3%。SYNTAX积分低分组、中分组及高分组的MACCE发生率分别为9.1%、1 6.2%及30.9%。Cox多因素分析显示,SYNTAX积分HR=2.07,95%CI:1.25～3.44,差异有统计学意义(P=0.005)。结论 SYNTAX积分是预测PCI预后的较理想工具,该积分系统也适用于我国冠心病3支病变和(或)左主干病变患者PCI术后预后的预测。     

血清胆红素与心绞痛患者冠状动脉病变程度和预后的关系

目的探讨血清胆红素与心绞痛患者冠状动脉病变程度和预后的关系。方法以2013年1月1日至2015年12月31日期间在唐山工人医院诊治并符合条件的连续的486例冠心病患者为研究对象,男性292例,女性194例,平均年龄(61.4±13. 2)岁。在出院前一天抽空腹静脉血检测总胆红素。回顾冠状动脉造影,采用SYNTAX评分系统对冠状动脉病变进行评分。本研究进行前瞻性随访,起点事件为经皮冠状动脉介入(PCI),终点事件为主要不良心血管事件(MACE),随访截止日期为2017年12月31日。应用多因素Logistic回归分析血清胆红素与SYNTAX评分之间的关系。生存率估算应用Kaplan-Meier法,两条生存曲线之间的比较采用log-rank检验,应用多变量Cox比例风险回归分析血清总胆红素与MACE之间的关系。结果多因素Logistic回归分析表明,男性、年龄、2型糖尿病、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDLC)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDLC)和总胆红素为中高SYNTAX评分的独立影响因素。低胆红素组有38例发生MACE,高胆红素组有25例发生MACE。两组之间无MACE生存曲线存在显著差异(χ2=4.785,P=0.029)。多因素Cox回归分析表明,男性、年龄、总胆红素和SYNTAX评分为影响MACE发生的独立因素。结论血清胆红素是影响PCI术后心绞痛患者冠状动脉病变程度和预后的重要因素。     

合并射血分数减低的复杂冠状动脉病变患者接受不同血运重建术疗效分析

目的探讨冠状动脉左主干(LM)病变和(或)三支血管病变的冠心病患者,在同时合并射血分数减低的心力衰竭(HFrEF)情况下,接受不同血运重建策略治疗对近期及远期预后的影响。方法选取2009年1月至2018年1月就诊于首都医科大学附属北京安贞医院合并HFrEF并成功行血运重建治疗的LM病变和(或)三支病变冠心病患者进行病例注册分析。根据纳入及排除标准最终入选患者902例,其中接受经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)置入药物洗脱支架228例(PCI组),接受冠状动脉旁路移植术(CABG)治疗674例(CABG组)。根据术后平均3.1年随访资料对两组患者主要不良心脑血管事件(MACCE)进行比较,同时分析左心功能变化情况。结果经单因素回归分析后,将差异具有统计学意义的因素(吸烟史、陈旧性前壁心肌梗死病史、既往PCI史、既往CABG史、SYNTAX评分)纳入Cox多因素回归分析,结果显示:成功进行血运重建治疗后1年CABG组患者的MACCE发生率高于PCI组(17.66%比14.04%,HR 1.362,95%CI 1.211~2.070,P<0.010)。对MACCE单个事件比较显示,CABG组患者的全因死亡率高于PCI组(12.61%比6.14%,HR 2.134,95%CI 1.832~3.182,P<0.010),而再次血运重建率较低(2.97%比4.82%,HR 0.696,95%CI 0.518~0.922,P=0.026);两组患者卒中及因心力衰竭入院事件发生率比较,差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。经多因素回归分析校正混杂因素,术后3年随访结果显示:两组患者的MACCE发生率相似,同时在单独事件全因死亡风险、心原性死亡风险方面差异无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。相较于PCI组,CABG组具有较高的卒中发生率(5.93%比3.07%,HR 1.894,95%CI 1.528~2.673,P=0.014)和较低的再次血运重建率(8.31%比13.16%,HR 0.558,95%CI 0.362~0.714,P<0.010)。并依据SYNTAX评分分值分为SYNTAX评分低分(≤22分)、SYNTAX评分中分(23~32分)、SYNTAX评分高分(≥33分),单因素回归分析筛选各组间具有统计学差异的因素纳入Cox多因素回归分析,经校正混杂因素后术后3年随访结果显示,对于SYNTAX评分低分患者,CABG组心原性死亡风险高于PCI组(HR 1.253,95%CI 0.748~2.003,P=0.048),两组全因死亡风险相似;而对于SYNTAX评分高分患者,CABG组的全因死亡事件、心原性死亡发生率均略低于PCI组,但差异均无统计学意义(HR 0.796,95%CI 0.318~1.274,P=0.057;HR 0.941,95%CI 0.295~1.681,P=0.623)。结论合并HFrEF的复杂冠状动脉病变的冠心病患者接受PCI的远期预后并不劣于接受CABG治疗,对于存在左心功能障碍的冠心病患者,PCI也可作为血运重建治疗策略。     

罪犯血管对行分期经皮冠状动脉介入治疗完全血运重建合并多支冠状动脉病变急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者预后的预测价值

目的 探讨罪犯血管对行分期经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)完全血运重建合并多支冠状动脉病变急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死(STEMI)患者预后的预测价值。方法 纳入行分期PCI完全血运重建合并多支冠状动脉病变急性STEMI患者163例，根据罪犯血管不同将其分为左冠状动脉前降支(LAD)组64例、左冠状动脉回旋支(LCX)组32例和右冠状动脉(RCA)组67例。比较3组患者的临床资料，随访其PCI后2年主要不良心脏事件(MACE)和支架内血栓的发生情况，主要研究终点为Kaplan-Meier估计的MACE,并进行组间比较。采用Cox回归模型分析MACE的预测因素。结果 3组患者左心室射血分数(LVEF)比较差异有统计学意义，其中LAD组低于RCA组(P<0.05)。3组患者2年预期MACE发生率比较差异有统计学意义(Log-rank P=0.049),其中LAD组患者2年预期MACE发生率高于RCA组(Log-rank P=0.020)。多因素Cox回归分析结果显示，罪犯血管、主动脉球囊反搏、LVEF及胸痛发作时间均为行分期PCI完全血运重建合并多支冠状动脉病变急性STEMI患者PCI后2...     

采用冠状动脉造影和临床特征评分系统对无保护左主干支架术老年患者预后的预测

目的 比较联用冠状动脉造影和临床特征的整体风险分层系统( Global Risk Classification,GRC)与单纯冠状动脉病变心脏外科与介入治疗狭窄冠状动脉研究(Synergy Between Percutaneous Coronary Intervention With TAXUS and Cardiac Surgery,SYNTAX)评分和临床特征欧洲心脏手术危险评估系统(The European System for Cardiac Operative Risk Evaluation,EuroSCORE)在无保护左主干(ULMCA)病变老年人支架置入术后的预测价值.方法 老年ULMCA病变接受支架术治疗105例,根据有无主要不良心脏事件(MACE)分两组,分析GRC评分与SYNTAX积分和EuroSCORE评估方法对MACE的预测价值.结果 EuroSCORE评分MACE组与非MACE组分别为(2.0±2.3)分和(6.5±2.9)分(t=8.18,P=0.002);左主干伴3支病变和左主干分叉病变的比例高(x2值分别为8.96、6.96,P值为0.011和0.008);MACE发生率GRC高危组55.9％(19/34),较中危组20.5％(9/44)和低危组7.4％(2/27)高(x2=19.77,P=0.001).GRC对MACE的预测价值优于SYNTAX积分和EuroSCORE积分,GRC、SYNTAX积分及EuroSCORE的曲线下面积[95％CI分别为0.821(0.730～0.912)、0.586(0.462～0.709)和0.631(0506～0.757)],GRC与SYNTAX 积分和EuroSCORE比较,差异有统计学意义(Z值分别为3.29、2.63,P＜0.01、P＜0.05).结论 GRC评分较SYNTAX积分和EuroSCORE更好的预测ULMCA病变老年患者的MACE.     

SYNTAX积分对冠心病经皮冠状动脉介入治疗效果的预测

目的 研究SYNTAX积分对复杂冠心病患者经皮冠状动脉(冠脉)介入治疗术(PCI)效果预测作用.方法 回顾性分析PCI置入雷帕霉素药物洗脱支架左主干/3支病变的冠心病患者共190例,计算SYNTAX积分及临床SYNTAX积分,随访其主要不良心脑血管事件(MACCE),包括死亡、非致命性心肌梗死、再次血运重建、脑血管事件发生率.分别评价SYNTAX积分及临床SYNTAX 积分对PCI效果的预测作用.结果 SYNTAX积分低、中及高分组的MACCE率分别为9.1％、16.2％及30.9％.临床SYNTAX评分低、中及高分组的MACCE率分别为14.9％、9.8％及30.6％,单因素及多因素分析结果均显示SYNTAX积分及临床SYNTAX积分是MACCE的独立预测因子.ROC 曲线分析结果SYNTAX积分AUC (0.667)大于临床SYNTAX积分AUC (0.636).结论 SYNTAX积分及临床SYNTAX积分对冠脉左主干/3支病变患者行PCI治疗后是否发生MACCE均有预测作用,在这一组人群中临床SYNTAX积分不优于SYNTAX积分.     

CABG是糖尿病多支病变/左主干患者血运重建的不二选择——5年全因死亡率显著低于PCI

《2018年ESC/EACTS心肌血运重建指南》中,SYNTAX评分仍然是指导冠状动脉(冠脉)多支血管病变和左主干病变血运重建策略的最佳工具,而糖尿病则是多支血管病变冠脉旁路移植术(CABG)生存优于经皮冠脉介入治疗(PCI)的最强的预测因子。冠脉病变越复杂,CABG远期效果越优于PCI。对于SYNTAX评分32的多支血管病变和左主干病变,尤其是合并糖尿病的患者,CABG是其血运重建的不二选择。     

平均血小板体积联合SYNTAX积分评估介入治疗非ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者远期预后的价值

【】 目的 探讨平均血小板体积(MPV)联合SYNTAX评分对急性非ST段抬高心肌梗死(NSTEMI)患者经皮冠状动脉介入(PCI)术后远期预后的评估价值。方法 选取2012年01月至2013年12月在南京医科大学附属淮安第一医院诊断NSTEMI并接受PCI治疗的患者158例,测定MPV水平及计算SYNTAX评分。随访12个月,根据随访结果分为心血管事件组和无心血管事件组,分析两组MPV水平、SYNTAX评分与心血管事件的关系。MPV联合SYNTAX评分预测主要不良心血管事件(MACE)效能用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线下面积评价。结果 心血管事件组MPV水平、SYNTAX评分均高于无心血管事件组,差异具有统计学意义(P=0.025,P=0.021)。多因素cox回归分析显示,MPV和SYNTAX评分是远期发生心血管事件的独立预测因子。MPV联合SYNTAX评分预测PCI术后1年MACE受试者工作特征曲线下面积为0.713(95%CI：0.615～0.811,P=0.001)。将MPV、SYNTAX评分分别10.55fl、31分作为危险分层界值,绘制Kaplan-Meier生存曲线显示,高危组与低危组两组间发生心血管事件差异具有统计学意义(P=0.006)。结论 MPV与SYNTAX评分联合对急性非ST段抬高心肌梗死患者PCI术后远期预后评估有一定的价值。     

无保护左主干病变经皮冠状动脉内介入治疗的疗效分析

目的 探讨无保护左主干病变经皮冠状动脉内介入治疗(PCI)的近期、中期疗效.方法 经SYNTAX评分选择后,对19例中危、低危无保护左主干病变(ULMCA)患者行介入治疗,观察住院期间严重并发症情况以及12月内主要不良心血管事件(MACE)的发生率.结果 所有患者手术即刻成功率100%,术中无严重并发症,术后TIMI血流3级,住院期间无MACE事件发生,随访3个月～18个月,未发现急性心肌梗死,死亡病例,所有患者心绞痛症状均得到不同程度的改善,左室射血分数提高6%～11%,平均9.4%.3例患者在随访期间有心绞痛发作,但经冠脉造影检查支架内血流通畅,无支架内再狭窄.结论 经选择的无保护左主干病变PCI治疗是可行的,安全的,可取得较为满意的临床疗效.     

无保护左主干病变冠状动脉搭桥术与雷帕霉素洗脱支架治疗的对比研究

目的:回顾性分析无保护左主干病变患者使用雷帕霉素洗脱支架(DES)的经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)与冠状动脉旁路移植手术(CABG)治疗的中、远期疗效,并探讨应用SYNTAX SCORE来评估病变风险与临床事件的相关性。方法:本研究回顾性收集了176例无保护左主干病变患者,其中CABG组80例,PCI-DES组96例。收集患者的基本情况、左主干病变特点及SYNTAX评分、CABG和PCI手术情况,随访患者术后3年的主要不良心脑血管事件(MACCE)的发生率。结果:术后3年随访,PCI-DES组与CABG组的MACCE发生率及无MACCE生存率比较差异无统计学意义,但PCI组靶血管再次血运重建率(TVR)明显高于CABG组(P<0.05)。用SYNTAX SCORE把PCI-DES和CABG两组患者分为高积分组(≥30.0)和低积分组(<30.0):高积分组,术后3年PCI-DES亚组MACCE事件发生率高于CABG亚组(23.53%∶18.05%,P<0.05),无MACCE事件生存率低于CABG亚组(51.47%∶70.83%,P<0.05)。低积分组,术后3年MACCE事件发生率CABG亚组高于PCI-DES亚组(12.50%∶7.14%,P>0.05),而无MACCE事件生存率低于PCI-DES亚组(75.00%∶82.14%,P<0.05)。结论:PCI-DES与CABG治疗无保护左主干病变患者总体疗效相似。用SYNTAX SCORE指导无保护左主干病变血管重建方式的选择有重要价值,但在不同的患者人群中,仍应结合临床特征和冠状动脉病变特点选择恰当的血运重建术。     

Left main stem coronary artery dissection during coronary angiography

This paper describes a case of dissection of the main stem of the left coronary artery during coronary angiography with an uneventful clinical course. As far as we know, only one comparable case has been reported before. A brief survey of the pertinent literature is presented. Some possible pathogenetic factors are considered. No specific preventive or therapeutic measurement can be recommended.     

Triple origin of left coronary arteries from right coronary artery: Unusual case of single coronary artery

A rare case of coronary anomaly is presented: all of the coronary arteries originated from a single ostium located in the right coronary cusp. No clinical evidence of coronary pathology was recognized until the age of 57 years when the patient was found to have coronary obstructive disease. The single coronary artery had a main branch corresponding to the usual dominant right coronary artery. Three other branches separated from this and vascularized the areas normally receiving the circumflex and ramus medianus, the left anterior descending, and a large septal branch.     

Sudden coronary death

Many reports have described the amounts of atherosclerotic plaque in victims of sudden coronary death, defining the number of coronary arteries narrowed at some point greater than 75% in cross-sectional area (XSA). In order to quantitate more precisely the amount and distribution of plaque, 70 victims of sudden coronary death aged 22-81 years (mean 50) were studied. The four major epicardial coronary arteries (left main, left anterior descending, left circumflex, and right) from each of 70 victims were cut into 5-mm segments (average 50 per patient) and a histologic section prepared from each segment. The amount of luminal narrowing by plaque was categorized into five groups (0-25%, 26-50%, 51-75%, 76-95%, 96-100%). Of 3,484 five-mm segments, 950 (27%) were narrowed 76-100% in XSA. Comparison of 31 previously symptomatic victims (angina pectoris and/or myocardial infarction) to 39 victims who had been asymptomatic disclosed a higher mean percent of severely narrowed segments (30% vs. 25%, p = less than 0.005) and a lower mean percent of minimally narrowed segments in the symptomatic group. Comparison of the 31 patients with a healed myocardial infarction at necropsy with 39 patients with no left ventricular scar disclosed a higher mean percent of segments severely narrowed (33% vs. 24%, p = less than 0.001) and a lower mean percent of segments narrowed minimally in those with a left ventricular scar (13% vs. 26%, p = less than 0.001).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

Implication of transstenotic coronary pressure gradient measurement during coronary angioplasty

The aim of this study was to establish a criterion for the success of an angioplasty based upon pressure gradients across coronary lesions. Sixty-two percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasties (PTCA) in 56 patients with isolated left anterior descending artery disease were examined. Pressure gradients measured before and after PTCA were expressed as normalized mean pressure gradients (NMPG) computed by dividing mean pressure gradient by mean aortic or proximal coronary artery pressure. Angiographic severity was expressed as percentage area stenosis (AS) calculated from diastolic caliper measurements of diameter of each lesion and the nearest normal adjacent segment in at least two projections. The relationship between AS and NMPG was nonlinear with a steep increase in gradients beyond a critical value of AS of about 60%. This relationship was unaffected by angiographically visualized collaterals. All except one of 65 coronary stenotic lesions with NMPG of more than 0.32 had an AS of more than 60%. Only three of 57 coronary stenoses with NMPG of less than 0.32 had severe AS (p < 0.001). The results indicate that NMPG is a reliable, practical guide to the severity of coronary stenosis and is therefore a useful measurement for assessing either the success or the residual stenosis during PTCA.     

Right coronary artery coronary sinus fistula with coronary sinus ostium stenosis

Coronary artery fistula (CAF) is a rare anomaly of the coronary artery. The draining site of a right coronary artery (RCA) fistula may usually be the right ventricle, right atrium, or pulmonary artery. Here, we present a patient with right coronary artery to coronary sinus fistula (RCACSF) complicated by aneurysmal dilatation of the coronary sinus (CS) and stenosis of CS ostium.     

64层CT冠状动脉成像技术和冠状动脉造影对冠状动脉疾病诊断的对照研究

目的比较64层计算机断层摄影扫描冠状动脉成像技术(64-slice computed tomography coronaryangiography,64-SCTCA)和冠状动脉造影(coronary artery angiography,CAG)在冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病(冠心病)诊断中的价值。方法回顾性分析126例疑似冠心病的患者64-SCTCA和CAG检查资料,并对两组资料进行对比分析。结果 64-SCTCA和CAG检查结果中可用于评价的病变血管段支数比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。CAG共发现≥50%狭窄节段242个,64-SCTCA共发现≥50%狭窄节段199个,两种检查方法对病变狭窄的显示情况比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。全部126例冠心病患者中有91%通过64-SCTCA发现(110/121)。64-SCTCA诊断冠状动脉病变血管的敏感性、特异性、阳性预测值、阴性预测值分别为81.6%、98.8%、79.5%、99%。结论 64-SCTCA可作为冠心病无创、便捷、可靠的检查方法。     

The incidence of coronary anomalies on routine coronary computed tomography scans

The incidence of coronary anomalies (CCAs) in a typical angiographic study was 1.3%.1 Studies have been conducted on CCAs using conventional invasive coronary angiography in highly selected groups of patients but these studies may not reflect the true incidence of CCAs.Although the majority of CCAs are benign and incidentally detected during conventional angiography, certain CCAs may cause syncope, heart failure or sudden death, especially among young athletes.2,3 The US National Registry of Sudden Death in Athletes at the Minneapolis Heart Institute Registry found that CCAs were the second most common cause of sudden cardiac death (out of 17% of the population who died of cardiac-related causes).4Although conventional invasive coronary angiography is considered the gold standard for the diagnosis of CCAs, transthoracic two-dimensional echocardiography, transoesophageal echocardiography, magnetic resonance imaging and multi-slice computed tomography (MSCT) can all identify for diagnosis, CCAs in certain groups of patients.5-10 Transthoracic twodimensional echocardiography may depict the origin of the coronary arteries, especially the left main artery, but successful detection of coronary anomalies depends on the age and size of the patient.5,6Transoesophageal echocardiography has an increased success rate of identifying coronary anomalies in comparison with two-dimensional echocardiography. Nevertheless, the position of the transducer, cardiac motion, and the curvilinear course of the vessel all affect visualisation of coronary anomalies. Moreover, transoesophageal echocardiography is a semi-invasive method and is time consuming.6,7Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging provides an accurate assessment of the course of anomalous coronary arteries.8,9 However, this technique cannot be performed in patients with pacemakers, certain types of arrhythmias or defibrillating devices, and it may be difficult to perform in claustrophobic patients. Furthermore, the spatial resolution of MR imaging is substantially inferior to that of the newest generation of CT scanners.10Myocardial bridging (MB) is defined as the compression of a coronary artery during systole while it is normal in diastole. MB has been linked to serious cardiac events.11 The incidence of myocardial bridging in the population varies substantially according to invasive coronary angiography (13%) and autopsy (15–85%).12,13 The reported incidence of MB has increased up to 44% when using 64-MSCT.14 Because of its ability to cause serious cardiac events, diagnosing MB is clinically important.MSCT is a minimally invasive method that provides excellent temporal and spatial resolution of the coronary arteries. There have been a limited number of studies evaluating CCAs and MB with 64-MSCT. The aim of this study was to assess the incidence of CCAs and MB using 64-MSCT in a relatively large population.     

Association of coronary calcification with obstructive disease in coronary arteries in Indian patients

A total of 1150 consecutive patients (1052 males and 98 females; age 51.2 +/- 10.1 years) with suspected coronary artery disease (Group I) were subjected to fluoroscopy for detection of coronary artery calcification (CAC) and coronary angiography. Another group (Group II) of 120 patients (95 males and 25 females; age 51.4 +/- 9.4 years) catheterized for cardiac diseases other than coronary artery disease (CAD) were subjected to the same protocol of fluoroscopy and coronary angiography to exclude incidental CAD in view of their age. CAC was present in 240 patients (20.0%) in Group I. Of these, 200 (83.4%) had triple-vessel disease (TVD); 20 (8.3%) had double-vessel disease (DVD); 19 (7.9%) had single-vessel disease (SVD); and 37 (15.4%) patients had left main coronary disease (LMCAD). Only one of these patients had insignificant CAD considered as "normal" coronary arteries (NC). Incidence of LMCAD, TVD, DVD, SVD, and NC in patients without CAC was 4.4%, 56.3%, 18.2%, 14.0%, and 11.5%, respectively. Incidence of CAC in patients with LMCAD, TVD, DVD, SVD, and NC was 48.1%, 28.1%, 10.8%, 13.0%, and 1.0% respectively. In Group II (n = 120), 24 patients (20%) had CAD, CAC was present in 5 patients with CAD (20.9%), and in two patients without CAD (2%). CAC is relatively uncommon in Indian CAD patients. Its presence, however, indicates severe multivessel disease.     

The disappearing coronary stenosis: reemphasizing the importance of excluding coronary vasospasm before coronary intervention.

We describe a case of resting angina with multiple angiographic stenoses that were highly suitable for stenting. These classic lesions resolved after intracoronary nitroglycerin while positioning a stent. This case reemphasizes the need to exclude vasospasm prior to any interventional coronary procedure.     

Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty of a right coronary artery arising from the left main coronary artery

Angioplasty of anomalous coronary arteries presents unique technical challenges. Correct guiding catheter selection is important to ensure adequate access to the anomalous vessel and to provide support to cross the lesion. A case of successful PTCA of a lesion in an anomalous right coronary artery arising from the left main coronary artery is presented. © 1993 Wiiey-Liss, Inc.