输尿管软镜碎石术围手术期肾彩色多普勒超声血流动力学评价

目的　彩用彩色多普勒超声（CDFI）对单发肾结石患者输尿管软镜碎石术围手术期肾血流动力学的评价。 方法　分析2016年7月至2018年6月共61例输尿管软镜碎石手术的单发肾结石患者,应用CDFI观察围手术期术侧肾叶间动脉血流参数,记录术前1 d、术后1 h内及术后5 d叶间动脉血流参数,并进行统计学分析。 结果　围手术期肾叶间动脉血流参数整体分析,收缩期峰值流速（Vmax）、舒张末期流速（Vmin）及阻力指数（RI）数值差异分别具有统计学意义（P<0.05）。与术前血流参数相比,术后1 h叶间动脉Vmax及Vmin均减低,RI增高（P<0.017）,术后5 d复查,Vmax及Vmin较术后1 h升高、RI较术后1 h减低（P<0.017）,与术前测值相比差异无统计学意义（P>0.017）。 结论　CDFI可以观察并量化输尿管软镜碎石术围手术期肾内动脉灌注,快速评价术侧肾血流动力学变化,手术后会出现短期、可逆性肾叶间动脉流速减低、RI增高。     

输尿管软镜碎石术围手术期肾彩色多普勒超声血流动力学评价

目的　彩用彩色多普勒超声（CDFI）对单发肾结石患者输尿管软镜碎石术围手术期肾血流动力学的评价。 方法　分析2016年7月至2018年6月共61例输尿管软镜碎石手术的单发肾结石患者,应用CDFI观察围手术期术侧肾叶间动脉血流参数,记录术前1 d、术后1 h内及术后5 d叶间动脉血流参数,并进行统计学分析。 结果　围手术期肾叶间动脉血流参数整体分析,收缩期峰值流速（Vmax）、舒张末期流速（Vmin）及阻力指数（RI）数值差异分别具有统计学意义（P<0.05）。与术前血流参数相比,术后1 h叶间动脉Vmax及Vmin均减低,RI增高（P<0.017）,术后5 d复查,Vmax及Vmin较术后1 h升高、RI较术后1 h减低（P<0.017）,与术前测值相比差异无统计学意义（P>0.017）。 结论　CDFI可以观察并量化输尿管软镜碎石术围手术期肾内动脉灌注,快速评价术侧肾血流动力学变化,手术后会出现短期、可逆性肾叶间动脉流速减低、RI增高。     

手持多普勒超声在股前外侧皮瓣修复足部缺损中的应用

目的　利用手持多普勒超声观察研究股前外侧皮瓣（anterolateral thigh flap,ALTF）穿支血管的体表位置与数量,为ALTF 设计提供依据。 方法　术前在髂前上棘与髌骨外上缘连线（α线）,其中点（A点）与腹股沟韧带股动脉搏动点（B点）连线（β线）,β线即为旋股外侧动脉降支的体表投影。应用手持多普勒超声于β线及以A点为中心半径为3 cm圆形区域内寻找皮穿支,予以标记,以穿支搏动最明显处设计股前外侧皮瓣。我科于2016.04-2019.09,临床应用8例,均为下肢软组织缺损,皮瓣最大21 cm×10 cm,最小8 cm×6 cm。 结果　股前外侧皮瓣皮穿支大部分位于A点周围,其中粗大的穿支均位于A点下外侧。本组皮瓣8例,7例全部成活,1例皮瓣远端部分表皮坏死,经换药后自行愈合。术后门诊随访5~12个月,皮瓣成活,外形及功能良好。 结论　术前应用手持多普勒超声,能有效定位股前外侧皮瓣可靠的穿支,从而提高皮瓣切取的准确性与安全性,减少手术时间。     

手持多普勒超声在股前外侧皮瓣修复足部缺损中的应用

目的　利用手持多普勒超声观察研究股前外侧皮瓣（anterolateral thigh flap,ALTF）穿支血管的体表位置与数量,为ALTF 设计提供依据。 方法　术前在髂前上棘与髌骨外上缘连线（α线）,其中点（A点）与腹股沟韧带股动脉搏动点（B点）连线（β线）,β线即为旋股外侧动脉降支的体表投影。应用手持多普勒超声于β线及以A点为中心半径为3 cm圆形区域内寻找皮穿支,予以标记,以穿支搏动最明显处设计股前外侧皮瓣。我科于2016.04-2019.09,临床应用8例,均为下肢软组织缺损,皮瓣最大21 cm×10 cm,最小8 cm×6 cm。 结果　股前外侧皮瓣皮穿支大部分位于A点周围,其中粗大的穿支均位于A点下外侧。本组皮瓣8例,7例全部成活,1例皮瓣远端部分表皮坏死,经换药后自行愈合。术后门诊随访5~12个月,皮瓣成活,外形及功能良好。 结论　术前应用手持多普勒超声,能有效定位股前外侧皮瓣可靠的穿支,从而提高皮瓣切取的准确性与安全性,减少手术时间。     

健康人子宫动脉血流动力学检测

目的 :探讨健康生育期妇女子宫动脉形态和血流动力学特征。方法 :2 0 0例健康妇女 ,平均年龄 34岁 ,在月经周期的第 5d～ 10d内 ,用经腹和经阴道彩色多普勒血流图 (CDF1)和能量图 (CDE) ,分别显示子宫动脉干、宫底分支、弓形动脉、直动脉和螺旋动脉的形态 ,以及各组动脉的流速峰值 (Vmax)、舒张期最低值 (Vmin)和阻力指数(RI)。结果 :(1) 5组动脉的行径均能清晰显示 ,其中直动脉和螺旋动脉只有CDE才能清晰显示。 (2 ) 5组间Vmax ,Vmin和RI测值经统计学处理 ,Vmax和RI值呈逐级递减趋势。结论 :本研究为子宫和子宫内膜疾病的诊断提供新的诊断依据     

多囊肾肾动脉血液动力学改变与血压变化的研究

目的 探讨多囊肾患者的血液动力学改变与血压变化的相关性和敏感性.方法 用超声多普勒法(包括频谱多普勒和彩色多普勒)分别测定44例多囊肾患者(多囊肾组)和15例正常人、15例非多囊肾1级高血压患者、15例非多囊肾2级高血压患者、15例非多囊肾3级高血压患者(对照组)的肾主动脉(MRA)、肾段动脉(sRA)、肾叶间动脉(IRA)的收缩期峰值流速(Vman)、最小流速(Vmin)、搏动指数(PI)、阻力指数(R I),并测量血压水平,对其资料进行分析.结果 血压正常的多囊肾组三级肾动脉的Vmax、vrnjn均低于血压正常对照组(P＜0.01),PI、RI明显高于对照组(P＜0.01);1级高血压的多囊肾组Vmax、Vmin显著低于1级非多囊肾1级高血压对照组(P＜0.01),PI、R I显著高于对照组(P＜0.01);2级高血压的多囊肾组Vmax、Vmin显著低于2级非多囊肾1级高血压对照组(P＜0.01),PI、RI显著高于对照组(P＜0.01、P＜0.05).结论 ①多囊肾患者的血液动力学改变早于血压变化:②Vmax、Vmin的下降和PI、RI的增高与血压水平呈正相关.     

皮蒂在穿支筋膜蒂皮瓣中的作用探讨

目的　进一步阐明穿支筋膜皮瓣的皮蒂对皮瓣的静脉引流和动脉输入的作用。 方法　40只重约300g的雄性SD大鼠,在背部切取大小为9 cm×3 cm的皮瓣后,等分入以下4组: 穿支完好组(蒂部穿支保留完好)、动脉缺失组(结扎蒂部动脉)、静脉缺失组（结扎蒂部静脉）及穿支缺失组（结扎动静脉）。术后7 d使用激光多普勒血流仪监测皮瓣血液灌注,计算皮瓣坏死率,测量皮蒂血管的直径。 结果　激光多普勒血流仪提示穿支完好组与静脉缺失组的灌注模式相似,穿支缺失组与动脉缺失组的灌注模式相似。穿支完好组和静脉缺失组的血流灌注量更大。穿支缺失组皮瓣的坏死率（26±1）%与动脉缺失组皮瓣的坏死率（29±1）%无显著差异,但均显著高于穿支完好组（11±3）%和静脉缺失组（12±4）%皮瓣的坏死率（P<0.001）。静脉缺失组和穿支缺失组的皮肤基底部静脉网明显扩张,而动脉缺失组和穿支完好组的动脉网管径轻度增大。 结论　穿支筋膜皮瓣的皮蒂作为静脉引流额外通道的作用比其作为动脉输入的作用更加重要。     

B超辅助定位小腿穿支螺旋桨皮瓣修复小腿远端及足踝部软组织缺损

目的　探讨术前B超辅助定位设计小腿穿支螺旋桨皮瓣移植修复小腿远端及足踝部软组织缺损的临床疗效。 方法　回顾性分析本院2012年1月~2017年10月收治的46例小腿远端及足踝部软组织缺损患者临床资料：男33例,女13例;年龄27~68岁,平均48.2岁,缺损面积21 cm×8 cm~8.5 cm× 5.5 cm。患者均为二期修复,修复时间为伤后5~42 d,均采用小腿穿支螺旋桨皮瓣完成修复,胫后动脉穿支蒂31例,腓动脉穿支蒂15例。术前采用彩色多普勒超声（color doppler ultrasound,CDS）对穿支进行定位,根据穿支及创面情况设计皮瓣。术中验证穿支定位准确性,术后对皮瓣成活率、并发症及皮瓣7项指标进行疗效评价。 结果　术中见定位符合率达89.1%;定位误差＞1 cm的有5例,其中1例皮瓣术后完全坏死,4例皮瓣远端部分坏死。34例供区切口直接缝合;12例供区植皮,2例植皮出现部分坏死感染,其余供区愈合良好。本组有1例患者术后皮瓣周围感染伤口不愈合,2例供区植皮少部分坏死。术后3例失访,43例患者获得5~46个月随访（平均14.3个月）,按皮瓣功能7项指标评定,优14例,良23例,可3例,差3例,优良率为86.0%。 结论　术前CDS定位的小腿穿支螺旋桨皮瓣修复小腿远端及足踝部创面效果良好,外观满意,临床实用性较高。     

彩色双功能多普勒超声评价睾丸的血流特点及其意义

目的:应用高频率二维及彩色多普勒超声,探讨正常成人睾丸及其血流的彩色多普勒超声特点.方法:经阴囊超声检测120例正常成年男性的睾丸及其血流的彩色多普勒频谱,测睾丸动脉(TA)、包膜动脉(CA,即睾丸动脉主支)、睾丸内动脉(ITA,包括向心动脉和中央动脉)的收缩期峰值血流速度(PSV)、舒张末期血流速度(EDV)、时间平均峰值血流速度(TAMX)、阻力指数(RI)和搏动指数(PI);分别计算左右侧睾丸大小和血流参数的均值,并作t检验进行分析.结果:120例正常成人左、右侧睾丸大小及其血管的PSV、EDV、TAMX、RI和PI测值无显著性差异.CA和ITA多普勒频谱波型变化较小,为低阻力型血流频谱;TA的波型变化较大,RI、PI值变异较大.结论:高频率彩色双功能多普勒超声敏感性高,可准确检测睾丸的形态结构及其血管的血流动力学参数,且左、右侧睾丸测值差异无显著意义(P>0.05).     

膝降动脉作为游离股前外侧皮瓣受区血管的临床应用

目的　探讨胫前或胫后血管均无法利用的情况下将膝降动脉作为游离股前外侧皮瓣移植修复膝关节周围创面受区血管的临床可行性应用。 方法　2015年1月至2017年5月,应用于膝降动脉和大隐静脉吻合的游离股前外侧皮瓣移植修复7例膝关节周围大面积皮肤软组织缺损合并肌腱、骨外露的患者,其中男4例,女3例,皮瓣面积为38 cm×8 cm~18 cm×8 cm。 结果　随访6~14个月,平均8.9个月,2例面积较大皮瓣远端分别坏死约6 cm、4 cm,经切除后与残留创面二期植皮愈合,剩余5例皮瓣完全成活,受区残留创面二期植皮愈合。 结论　术前经彩色多普勒超声精确定位并测量膝降动脉口径、血流,术中采用显微外科技术扩大膝降动脉口径,可将膝降动脉作为游离股前外侧皮瓣受区血管修复膝关节周围软组织缺损创面,并取得满意的临床疗效。     

Colour Doppler assessment of ascendent uterine artery perfusion in an in-vitro fertilization-embryo transfer programme after pituitary desensitization and ovarian stimulation with human recombinant follicle stimulating hormone

The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the use of colour Doppler sonography of ascendent uterine artery perfusion in 91 patients undergoing in-vitro fertilization (IVF)-embryo transfer treatment after ovarian stimulation with a depot formulation of goserelin and recombinant human follicle stimulating hormone according to the long protocol. Resistance index (RI), pulsatility index (PI), maximum peak velocity (Vmax) and minimum diastolic velocity (Vmin) were assessed for the left and right ascending uterine artery on day 1 of ovarian stimulation, on day -2 [the day of human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) application] and on day +14 (12 days after embryo transfer). The data of 75 patients who had at least two cleaved preimplantation embryos available for transfer were analysed: 21 patients became pregnant resulting in a pregnancy rate of 28% (21/75). After exclusion of biochemical, ectopic and abortive pregnancies (n = 5), the data from 54 non-pregnant patients and 16 pregnant patients were analysed. No differences with respect to patient age, current cycle number, indication for IVF treatment, endometrial thickness at day -2 and serum oestradiol and serum progesterone concentrations at day -2 were found between the pregnant and non-pregnant groups. Compared to the non- pregnant patients the ascendent uterine artery flow of the pregnant patients showed significantly lower RI (P < 0.009) and PI (P < 0.03) values at the beginning of ovarian stimulation. Vmax and Vmin did not differ between the two groups. On day -2 no differences in RI, PI, Vmax and Vmin were found between pregnant and non-pregnant patients. On day +14 the flow in the ascendent uterine arteries of the pregnant patients showed significantly lower RI (P < 0.008) and PI (P < 0.03) values and significantly higher Vmax (P < 0.003) and Vmin (P < 0.0001) values. RI (P < 0.009) and PI (P < 0.003) values had decreased significantly and Vmax (P < 0.0002) and Vmin (P < 0.0001) had increased significantly on day +14 compared to the previous observation times in both the pregnant and non-pregnant groups. A significant correlation between the increase of serum progesterone concentrations and the decrease of RI (r = 0.68, P < 0.009), and the increase of Vmin (r = 0.67, P < 0.01) was only detected in the pregnant group. In conclusion, the differences found in RI and PI values at the beginning of ovarian stimulation were not clinically helpful as there was a wide overlap between non-pregnant and pregnant patients. The parameters currently used in colour Doppler assessment of uterine artery perfusion are not clinically helpful in discriminating prospectively which patients will and will not become pregnant in an IVF programme. In pregnant patients, increasing progesterone concentration is correlated with a significant decrease in impedance to uterine perfusion in the late luteal phase.      

Renal blood flow in twins

The aim of this preliminary study was the estimation of renal blood flow in 16 premature newborns from twin pregnancies with mean body weight 1270 g and mean gestational age 29 weeks. In control group we have 16 singleton newborns with mean gestational age 29 weeks and mean birth weight 1240 g. In both intervention and control group we have the similar clinical symptoms. The renal blood flow was carried out in the first day of life with the Acuson 128 XP Colour Doppler using the 6 and 7 MHz linear transducer. The renal blood flow parameters-PI, RI, Vmax, Vmin Vmean were measured in right and left renal arteries in theirs courses from the aorta to the renal hilus, by color sinal. In the investigation group the mean value of RI in right and left renal artery was 0.88. Mean PI in right vessel was 1.67 and in left 1.56. Mean V min in right and in left artery was 0.03 and mean V max in right artery was 0.34 and in left 0.33. Mean value of mean velocity in right vessels was 0.18 and in left 0.19. In control group we observed in right artery mean value of PI 1.74 and in left 1.6. Mean RI was 0.86 and 0.86 in right vessel in left vessel. Mean V min was 0.05 in right and 0.04 in left artery. Mean V max was 0.37 in right and 0.34 in left artery. Mean value of V mean was 0.19 in right artery and 0.18 in left artery. Using the student, Mann-Whitney and Shapiro-Wilk tests we have not observed statistically significant difference of Doppler parameters between control and investigation group and between the left and right artery. Although in newborns with broad PDA we noted significant higher value of RI (0.97, 0.98) than in newborns without PDA (0.78, 0.81).     

Raloxifene therapy does not affect uterine blood flow in postmenopausal women: a transvaginal Doppler study

OBJECTIVE: To monitor the effects of raloxifene therapy on the uterus of postmenopausal women by transvaginal ultrasonography and color flow Doppler. Methods: Twenty-five healthy postmenopausal women were enrolled in this prospective longitudinal study performed at Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeir?o Preto. The patients were treated with raloxifene hydrochloride (60 mg per day) for 6 months. All were submitted to transvaginal ultrasound examination with color flow Doppler (ATL-HDI 3000 equipment) before the beginning and after 1, 3 and 6 months of treatment. Resistance index (RI) and pulsatility index (PI) of the uterine arteries were determined by the Doppler method, being considered as indicators of uterine perfusion. The following variables were analyzed: endometrial thickness, uterine volume, RI, and PI. Data were analyzed statistically by repeated-measures analysis of variance. RESULTS: Before treatment, endometrial thickness was 3.38 +/- 0.73 mm, and similar values were observed after 1, 3 and 6 months of treatment (3.04 +/- 0.82; 3.3 +/- 0.83; and 3.37 +/- 0.79, respectively) (P > 0.05). No significant differences in uterine volume were observed between the pre- and post-treatment periods. Uterine artery perfusion as indicated by RI and PI measured by Doppler also showed no significant variation, with a high impedance flow being maintained throughout treatment. CONCLUSIONS: In the group studied here, raloxifene treatment at the dose of 60 mg per day for 6 months did not induce significant changes in endometrial thickness, uterine volume or uterine artery perfusion, confirming that short-term raloxifene treatment does not affect the uterus of postmenopausal women.     

肝移植术后肝动脉狭窄频谱Tardus Parvus波形和超声造影微灌注定量技术的临床价值

目的　探讨肝移植术后肝动脉狭窄频谱Tardus Parvus波形和超声造影微灌注定量技术的临床意义。 方法　收集60例肝移植术后病人的相关影像资料,记录肝动脉多普勒超声的收缩期峰值血流速度（PSV）、舒张末期血流速度（EDV）、阻力指数（RI）及加速时间（SAT）等参数,Tardus Parvus波形的诊断标准为RI＜0.5且SAT＞0.8 s;超声造影分别记录肝边缘区域和中心区实质基础强度（BI）、到达时间（AT）、峰值强度（PI）、达峰时间（TTP）及中心区域与边缘区域的实质增强程度差异绝对值（REI）等定量参数,以CTA或DSA诊断肝动脉直径狭窄率≥50%为标准,将患者分为肝动脉狭窄组和非狭窄组。 结果 肝动脉狭窄组多普勒超声表现为Tardus Parvus波形阳性（P<0.05),超声造影狭窄组与非狭窄组相比,REI减小（P<0.05）,中心区域TTP延长（P<0.05）。 结论　Tardus Parvus波形和超声造影微灌注定量技术对肝移植术后肝动脉狭窄诊断具有一定的价值。