“六字诀”不同训练方式对脑卒中恢复早期患者呼吸肌功能的影响

目的 观察“六字诀”不同训练方式对脑卒中恢复早期患者呼吸肌功能的影响。 方法 采用随机数字表法将66例脑卒中恢复早期患者分成对照组、改良训练组和训练组,每组22例。3组患者均给予常规康复训练,对照组患者在此基础上辅以传统呼吸训练,改良训练组、训练组则分别给予改良“六字诀”呼吸训练、古法“六字诀”呼吸训练,3组患者均连续治疗2周。于治疗前、治疗2周后及治疗结束1个月后分别对3组患者进行疗效评定,其中呼吸肌功能指标包括最大吸气压（MIP）、最大呼气压（MEP）;肺通气功能指标包括第一秒用力呼气量(FEV1)、用力肺活量(FVC)、呼气峰值流速（PEF）、最大呼气中段流量(MMEF)、吸气峰值流速（PIF）;膈肌运动幅度指标包括平静吸气位时及最大吸气位时膈肌移动度。 结果 治疗2周后及治疗结束1个月后3组患者MIP、MEP及各项肺通气功能指标均明显提高,并且改良训练组MIP、MEP及各项肺通气指标在上述时间点的改善幅度均显著优于训练组和对照组。治疗2周后及治疗结束1个月后改良训练组患者在平静吸气位和最大吸气位时其膈肌移动度均显著增加,并且改良训练组膈肌移动度在上述时间点的改善幅度亦显著优于训练组及对照组。 结论 相较于古法“六字诀”呼吸训练及传统呼吸训练,改良“六字诀”呼吸训练能更有效改善脑卒中恢复早期患者的呼吸肌功能、肺通气功能及膈肌移动度,并且在治疗结束1个月后随访时其疗效仍较显著。     

吸气肌训练对脑卒中患者呼吸功能和下肢运动功能的影响

目的：探讨吸气肌训练应用于脑卒中患者康复治疗中的效果。方法：将84例脑卒中患者按随机数字表法分为观察组和对照组各42例,对照组接受脑血管病常规药物治疗和常规康复训练,观察组在此基础上予以吸气肌训练,疗程均为6周。比较2组治疗前后最大吸气压（MIP）、吸气峰值流速（PIF）和吸气肌能量（Energy）、用力肺活量（FVC）、第1秒用力呼气量（FEV1）和每分钟最大通气量（MVV）,比较2组Berg平衡量表（BBS）评分、Fugl-Meyer量表下肢部分（FMA-LE）评分、日常生活活动能力（ADL）评分,比较2组步幅、步频和步速。结果：治疗后观察组MIP、PIF、Energy、FVC、FEV1、MVV均高于对照组（P<0.01）,且高于本组治疗前（P<0.01）;对照组治疗前后MIP、PIF、Energy、FVC、FEV1、MVV差异无统计学意义。治疗后2组BBS、FMA-LE、ADL评分及步幅、步频和步速均显著增加（P<0.05,0.01）,观察组各项指标均高于对照组（P<0.01）。结论：吸气肌训练可改善脑卒中患者吸气肌力量、肺功能和下肢运动功能,提高日常生活活动能力,应用于脑卒中偏瘫患者的康复治疗效果显著。     

吸气肌力量训练对脑卒中患者吸气肌功能及运动耐力的影响

目的:基于吸气肌"血液窃流"原理,观察吸气肌力量训练(IMT)对脑卒中患者吸气肌功能及运动耐力的影响。方法:50例卒中患者随机分为治疗组(25例)和对照组(25例)。两组患者均进行常规药物及康复治疗,治疗组在此基础上使用Power Breathe K5吸气肌训练器进行渐进加阻的吸气肌力量训练,阻力值为30%吸气肌力量/最大口腔吸气压(MIP),MIP每周重新评测,并根据最新结果进行阻力调整;对照组增加无效阈值阻力MIP=3cmH_2O的吸气肌训练,直至观察周期结束。IMT训练30次为1组,2组/日,6日/周,共训练6周。训练前后对各组进行结果评测,利用K5对吸气肌功能指标:最大吸气压(MIP)、吸气流速峰值(PIF)、吸气容积(volume)、能量(energy)进行评测;利用MotoMed有氧踏车时间对运动耐力进行评测;利用改良Barthel指数(MBI)对日常生活活动能力进行评定。结果:训练前,两组患者的各项指标均无显著性差异(P0.05)。6周训练后:(1)吸气肌功能MIP、PIF、能量:治疗组训练后明显高于训练前(P0.01),对照组训练前后结果无明显差异(P0.05)。两组训练后比较,治疗组明显高于对照组,且以MIP、PIF增高更为显著(P0.01)。吸气容量:两组训练后结果较训练前均无明显差异(P0.05),训练后比较,两组结果无明显差异(P0.05);(2)踏车时间:两组训练后踏车时间均明显长于训练前(P0.01),且治疗组踏车时间延长更为显著(P0.01);(3)MBI评分:两组训练后MBI均明显高于训练前(P0.01),且治疗组改善更为显著(P0.05)。结论:吸气肌训练能够显著改善脑卒中患者吸气肌功能,尤其对吸气肌力量(MIP)及吸气流速(PIF)改善更为有效。同时在常规康复治疗基础上,加入吸气肌功能训练可以更加显著的提高脑卒中患者运动耐力及日常生活活动能力。     

阈值压力负荷吸气肌训练对帕金森病患者呼吸功能的影响

目的：观察阈值压力负荷吸气肌训练对帕金森病患者呼吸功能的影响。方法：48例帕金森病患者按随机数字表法分为对照组和观察组各24例。对照组给予常规康复训练,观察组在此基础上使用阈值压力负荷训练器进行吸气肌训练。治疗前和治疗8周后采用最大吸气压（MIP) 、吸气峰流速（PIF）评估患者吸气肌功能;用力肺活量（FVC）、第1秒用力呼气量（FEV1）、1秒率（FEV1 /FVC）、呼气流量峰值（PEF）评估患者肺功能。结果：治疗8周后,2组患者的MIP、PIF、FVC、FEV1、PEF均较治疗前明显提高(均P＜0.05）,且观察组以上指标均优于对照组(均P＜0.05）;2组的FEV1/FVC较治疗前均明显提高(均P＜0.05）,但治疗后组间比较差异无统计学意义。结论：在常规康复治疗基础上联合使用阈值压力负荷训练器进行吸气肌训练可以有效提高帕金森病患者的吸气肌力量,改善肺功能。     

悬吊运动疗法联合吸气肌力量训练对脑卒中偏瘫患者的影响

目的:观察悬吊运动疗法联合吸气肌力量训练对脑卒中偏瘫患者平衡功能、步行功能的影响。方法:选取2018年1月—2020年8月在南京医科大学附属淮安第一医院康复医学科住院治疗的脑卒中偏瘫患者72例,使用随机数字表法分为对照组、悬吊组和联合组,每组24例。对照组接受常规药物联合常规康复训练(包括关节活动度训练、本体感觉神经促进技术、立位平衡训练、步行训练及日常生活活动能力训练等),其中康复训练40 min/次,2次/d,5 d/周,共训练6周。悬吊组在对照组基础上接受悬吊运动疗法,主要包括:躯干控制训练、下肢分离运动强化训练和腰部悬吊减重状态下双下肢交替训练,以上3个动作循环交替训练,每个训练动作末保持5 s,再休息5 s,20 min/次,2次/d,5 d/周,共训练6周。联合组在悬吊组基础上接受吸气肌力量训练,20 min/次,1次/d,5 d/周,共训练6周。治疗前和治疗6周后分别采用最大吸气压(MIP)、吸气峰流速(PIF)、用力肺活量(FVC)评定患者肺功能和吸气肌功能;采用Berg平衡量表(BBS)评估患者平衡能力;采用Fugl-Meyer运动功能(FMA-LE)评定量表评定患者下肢运动功能;采用10 m最大步行速度(10 m MWS)评定患者步行速度。结果:3组治疗前MIP、PIF、FVC、BBS评分、FMA-LE运动功能评分和10 m MWS比较,差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。与治疗前比较,3组治疗6周后MIP、PIF、FVC、BBS评分、FMALE运动功能评分和10 m MWS均明显提高,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。与对照组比较,悬吊组和联合组治疗6周后MIP、PIF、FVC、BBS评分、FMA-LE运动功能评分和10 m MWS均明显提高,差异只有统学意义(P0.05)。与悬吊组比较,联合组治疗6周后MIP、PIF、FVC、BBS评分、FMA-LE运动功能评分和10 m MWS均明显更高,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:悬吊运动疗法联合吸气肌力量训练可以有效提高脑卒中偏瘫患者的平衡功能和步行功能,值得临床推广。     

床旁超声评估缺血性脑卒中膈肌功能障碍患者吸气肌训练前后膈肌功能

目的 应用床旁超声评估缺血性脑卒中膈肌功能障碍患者吸气肌训练前后膈肌功能的变化，探讨其临床应用价值。方法 选取我院收治的缺血性脑卒中膈肌功能障碍患者110例，随机分为试验组和对照组，每组各55例。对照组给予常规治疗，试验组在常规治疗基础上给予吸气肌训练，应用床旁超声测量两组膈肌移动度、吸气时间及膈肌移动速度，肺功能检测获取用力肺活量（FVC）、第1秒用力呼气容积（FEV1）、每分钟最大通气量（MVV）、最大吸气压（MIP），比较两组治疗前后上述参数，以及住院天数、肺炎发生率、死亡率的差异。分析膈肌移动度、吸气时间、膈肌移动速度与肺功能检测参数的相关性。结果 试验组治疗后膈肌移动度、膈肌移动速度均较对照组增加，吸气时间较对照组缩短，差异均有统计学意义（均P<0.05）。试验组和对照组治疗后膈肌移动度、膈肌移动速度均较治疗前增加，吸气时间较治疗前缩短，差异均有统计学意义（均P<0.05）。试验组治疗后FVC、FEV1、MVV、MIP均较治疗前增加，差异均有统计学意义（均P<0.05）。试验组治疗后FVC、FEV1、MVV、MIP与对照组治疗后比较差异均有统计学意义（均P&...     

六字诀联合吸气肌训练治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病临床研究

目的：观察六字诀联合吸气肌训练对慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)患者肺功能、运动耐力及生活质量的影响。方法：选择2020年3月—2021年6月在山东中医药大学附属医院康复科治疗的COPD患者60例,采用随机数字表法分为对照组、吸气肌训练组、六字诀联合吸气肌训练组(联合组),每组20例。对照组进行常规药物治疗及康复训练,其中康复训练30 min/次,1次/d,5 d/周,持续治疗8周;吸气肌训练组在对照组基础上增加吸气肌训练,20 min/次,1次/d,5 d/周,持续治疗8周;联合组在吸气肌训练组基础上增加健身气功“六字诀”训练,30 min/次,1次/d,5 d/周,持续治疗8周。在治疗前和治疗8周后采用第1秒用力呼气量占预计百分比(FEV₁%pred)和最大吸气压(MIP)评估患者肺功能;采用六分钟步行试验(6MWT)评估患者运动耐力;采用慢性阻塞性肺疾病评估测试(CAT)评估患者生活质量。结果：与治疗前比较,3组治疗后FEV₁%pred、MIP、6MWT均明显升高,CAT评分均明显降低,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。与对照组比较...     

床旁超声对脑卒中患者膈肌功能障碍吸气肌训练的评估

目的 应用床旁超声技术评估缺血性脑卒中患者进行吸气肌训练能否改善膈肌功能障碍，判断通过吸气肌训练是否可降低缺血性脑卒中患者的死亡率，改善患者预后。方法 选择2017年10月至2019年10月期间河北医科大学附属衡水市人民医院诊治的缺血性脑卒中患者110例，通过超声技术探测膈肌舒缩活动，辨别病人是否有着膈肌功能的障碍。使用阈压力负荷吸气肌训练仪，使用40%的MIP(最大吸气压)作为负荷，锻炼吸气肌，每天进行30min， 1次/日，1周训练5日，持续2周。观察指标为测定最大吸气压（MIP）、第一秒用力呼气容积（FEV1）、每分钟最大通气量（MVV）、用力肺活量（FVC）、膈肌移动幅度、吸气时间、住ICU天数和院内死亡率等指标。结果 实验组FVC、MVV、FEV1、最大吸气压治疗的前后对比P<0.05，差异的结果有统计学意义。实验组予以吸气肌锻炼后FVC、MVV、FEV1、MIP数值均前增加。而对照组FVC、MVV、FEV1、最大吸气压治疗的前后对比P>0.05，差异的结果无统计学意义。治疗后MVV、FEV1、MIP、FVC两组对比P<0.05，治疗后实验组病人的肺功能比之前有好转。实验组膈肌移动幅度、膈肌移动速度、吸气时长治疗后与治疗前相比P<0.05，差异的结果有统计学意义。对照组膈肌移动幅度、膈肌移动速率治疗后和治疗前比P<0.05，差异的结果有统计学意义。对照组吸气时长治疗前与治疗后对比P>0.05, 差异的结果无统计学意义。实验组与对照组在膈肌移动幅度、膈肌移动速度、吸气时间治疗后进行比较P<0.05，差异的结果有统计学意义。结论 缺血性脑卒中患者给予吸气肌锻炼后能够改善膈肌功能障碍，患者肺功能较前好转，同时降低了肺部感染的发生，改善病人预后。     

吸气肌训练对亚急性脑卒中患者肺功能及膈肌运动的影响

目的 探讨吸气肌训练对亚急性脑卒中患者肺功能及膈肌运动的影响。 方法 选取本院康复医学中心收治的亚急性脑卒中患者30例,按随机数字表法分为对照组和观察组。由于患者原因,有6例患者退出（其中对照组3例,观察组3例）,最终有24例患者完成本研究,每组12例。2组患者根据功能障碍情况均接受相应的常规康复训练,观察组在此基础上增加吸气肌训练,每日1次,每次20 min,每周5 d,共训练4周。分别于治疗前和治疗4周后（治疗后）,对2组患者采用用力肺活量(FVC)、一秒用力呼气容积（FEV1）和呼气流量峰值（PEF）占预计值百分比评估肺通气功能,采用最大吸气压（MIP）和吸气峰流速（PIF）评估吸气肌功能,通过超声测量患者膈肌移动度以及吸气末膈肌厚度（DTei）和呼气末膈肌厚度（DTee）,并计算膈肌增厚率（DTF）,分析比较2组患者肺部感染发生率。 结果 治疗前,2组患者的FVC、FEV1、PEF、MIP和PIF以及深呼吸时患侧膈肌移动度和隔肌厚度组间比较,差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）。治疗后,观察组患者的各观测指标［FVC（84.67±15.97）%、FEV1（79.08±11.46）%、MIP（63.77±23.50）cmH2O、PIF（3.55±1.38）L/s、膈肌移动度（4.80±1.42）cm、DTei（0.59±0.15）cm、DTF（97.29±46.11）%］均较组内治疗前［FVC（57.42±17.84）%、FEV1（56.00±19.16）%、MIP（39.33±18.86 cmH2O、PIF（1.87±0.85）L/s及（3.14±1.24）cm、（0.42±0.10）cm、（54.79±31.38）%］和对照组治疗后［FVC（67.75±22.26）%、FEV1（66.08±17.95）%、MIP（41.73±20.67）cmH2O、PIF（2.32±1.27）L/s及（3.29±1.09）cm、（0.47±0.11）cm、（49.97±44.57）%］有显著提高（P<0.05）。但2组患者治疗后的PEF、DTee、肺部感染发生率等组间比较,差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）。 结论 吸气肌训练能有效改善亚急性脑卒中患者的肺通气功能、吸气肌功能、膈肌移动度及收缩时膈肌厚度。     

综合呼吸训练对脑卒中偏瘫患者平衡及运动功能的影响

目的:观察综合呼吸训练结合常规康复训练对脑卒中偏瘫患者静、动态平衡及运动功能的影响。方法:共有28例脑卒中患者纳入本研究,其中男性15例,女性13例,采用随机数字表法将其分为试验组(14例)及对照组(14例)。两组患者均接受常规康复治疗,试验组在此基础上进行综合呼吸训练,包括常规呼吸训练及应用Power Breath KH2便携式肺功能检测与训练仪进行渐进抗阻吸气肌力量训练。两组分别在治疗前、治疗8周应用荷兰STABLE三维平衡姿势控制训练与评估系统评估姿势稳定性和稳定时间,应用Berg平衡量表评估平衡功能,应用Fugl-Meyer运动功能评分(Fugl-Meyer assessment,FMA)量表下肢部分评价患者下肢运动功能,应用Power Breath KH2便携式肺功能检测与训练仪评估最大吸气压(maximum inspiratory pressure,MIP)和吸气流速峰值(peak inspiratory flow,PIF)。结果:治疗8周后,两组患者下肢FMA、BBS评分均较治疗前明显提高(P0.01),且试验组明显高于对照组(P0.01)。治疗后,两组在睁眼站立、闭眼站立、脚一前一后站立时的重心移动速度及稳定时间较治疗前显著降低(P0.01,P0.05),且试验组较对照组各项静动态平衡指标改善更为显著(P0.01)。两组在治疗后MIP、PIF值与治疗前比较显著改善(P0.05,P0.01)。治疗后试验组MIP、PIF值与对照组相比改善更为显著(P0.05,P0.01)。结论:综合呼吸训练结合常规康复训练可以更有效改善脑卒中患者静态及动态平衡功能,提高下肢运动能力。     

Effect of high-intensity inspiratory muscle training on lung volumes, diaphragm thickness, and exercise capacity in subjects who are healthy

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Previous investigations have demonstrated that a regimen of high-intensity inspiratory muscle training (IMT) resulted in changes in ventilatory function and exercise capacity in patients with chronic lung disease, although the effect of high-intensity IMT in subjects who are healthy is yet to be determined. The purpose of this study, therefore, was to examine whether high-intensity IMT resulted in changes in ventilatory function and exercise capacity in subjects who were healthy. SUBJECTS: Twenty subjects were randomly assigned to 2 groups. METHODS: The training group completed an 8-week program of IMT set at 80% of maximal effort. The control group did not participate in any form of training. Baseline and posttraining measures of body composition, pulmonary function, inspiratory muscle function (including maximal and sustained maximal inspiratory pressures [MIP and SMIP]), relaxed and contracted diaphragm thickness and thickening ratio (Tdi.rel, Tdi.cont, and TR), and exercise capacity were determined. RESULTS: The training group demonstrated significant increases in MIP, SMIP, Tdi.cont, TR, VC, total lung capacity, and exercise capacity compared with the control group, which demonstrated no change from baseline measurements at 8 weeks. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: The findings of this study suggest that high-intensity IMT results in increased contracted diaphragm thickness and increased lung volumes and exercise capacity in people who are healthy.     

吸气肌训练对病态肥胖患者减肥术后肺功能、呼吸肌力量及耐力的影响

目的:观察吸气肌训练(IMT)对病态肥胖患者减肥术后肺功能、呼吸肌力量及耐力的影响。方法:采用随机数字表法将36例拟行减肥手术的病态肥胖患者分为观察组及对照组,每组18例。观察组及对照组患者均于术后第2~30天期间进行IMT训练,吸气阻力值分别设定为最大吸气压(MIP)的40%和5%水平,每天训练20 min。于手术前...     

Inspiratory muscle training improves performance of a repeated sprints ability test in professional soccer players

BackgroundInspiratory muscle training (IMT) is an important method of attenuating both respiratory and peripheral effort perceptions, consequently improving neuromuscular performance and resulting in greater improvements in exercise capacity than exercise training alone.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to investigate the effects of IMT on exercise tolerance, repeated sprint ability (RSA) performance, maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP), and peak inspiratory flow (PIF) in a cohort of professional male soccer players.MethodsTwenty-two healthy male professional soccer players (18.3 ± 1.4 years; 174.5 ± 6.1 cm; 70.5 kg ± 4.6 kg; body fat 10.1 ± 4.2%) from a club in the Brazilian first division soccer league participated in this study. IMT consisted of 15 and 30 self-paced inspiratory breaths (each to 50% maximal static inspiratory pressure [P₀]) in the 1-and 2-week intervention period, respectively. IMT was performed prior to soccer training (1 sets.d⁻¹; 6 d.wk⁻¹) with repeated sprint ability (RSA) assessed pre- and post- the 2-week period of IMT.ResultsStatistical analyses identified a significant (p < 0.001) decrease in sprint time post-IMT. Additionally, RSA_best, RSA_mean, total sprint time and percentage of RSA performance decrement (RSA _{% dec}) also showed significant decreases (p < 0.0001) post-IMT. Additional measures including MIP and PIF were also significantly elevated (p < 0.0002) following the 2-week period of IMT.ConclusionIn conclusion, our results raise two important issues. Firstly, IMT demonstrated enhanced inspiratory muscle strength in professional soccer players. Secondly, this increase in inspiratory muscle efficiency led to a decrease in sprint time and improved exercise tolerance. We recommend that a standard training protocol be developed and tested in an experimental and control group with a large representative sample.     

高强度吸气肌抗阻训练对支气管扩张患者运动能力及生活质量的影响

目的:观察高强度吸气肌抗阻训练对支气管扩张患者运动能力及生活质量的影响。方法:采用随机数字表法将60例支气管扩张患者分为观察组及对照组,每组30例。观察组采用PowerBreak型吸气肌训练器进行吸气肌抗阻训练,训练时将吸气阻力值设定为70%最大吸气压(MIP)水平,重复呼吸30次为1组,每天训练2组,每周训练3 d,...     

进行性呼吸肌训练对脑卒中偏瘫患者功能康复的研究

目的:观察进行性呼吸肌训练对脑卒中偏瘫患者肺功能及运动功能的影响.方法:将50例脑卒中偏瘫患者随机分为对照组和观察组,每组各25例.对照组给予常规康复训练,观察组在此基础上给予进行性呼吸肌训练.分别于治疗前、治疗6周后对2组患者的肺功能、躯干控制功能、平衡功能及运动功能进行评估.结果:治疗6周后,2组患者的用力肺活量(...     

Effect of inspiratory muscle training in patients with multiple sclerosis

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate whether inspiratory muscle training (IMT) improves inspiratory muscle strength, respiratory capacity, fatigue, and subjective perception of physical endurance in patients with advanced multiple sclerosis (MS). DESIGN: Randomized controlled trial. SETTING: Outpatient clinic in Sweden. PARTICIPANTS: Fifteen severely disabled patients with MS, randomized to a training or control group. INTERVENTION: Seven patients trained with a Threshold inspiratory muscle trainer, twice every other day, with 3 sets of 10 loaded inspirations (40%-60% of patients' maximal inspiratory pressure [Pimax]) over a 10-week period.Main Outcome Measures: Spirometry, Pimax, maximal expiratory pressure (Pemax), clinical assessments, and questionnaires on the patients' fatigue severity and physical endurance were evaluated. RESULTS: After training, the Pimax (P<.008) and Pemax (P<.02) increased in the training group. The improvement in Pimax after 10 weeks of training was higher than the improvement in the control group (P<.01) and was maintained 1 month after the training period ended. The training affected neither respiratory function nor the patients' symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: IMT had a beneficial effect on inspiratory muscle strength in patients with MS and is recommended as a complement to ordinary physical training.     

限制吸气流速对吸气肌训练的临床价值

目的探讨慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)缓解期患者在阈压力负荷吸气肌训练中限制吸气流速的临床价值。方法作者自行设计一种可限制吸气流速的阈压力负荷吸气肌训练仪,应用于临床测试A、B组共33例COPD缓解期患者,压力为25%最大口腔吸气压(MIP),限定吸气流速<0.05和＜0.8L/s,每天训练40min。结果6周后,患者MIP、负荷吸气时间、12min最大行走距离均显著增加(P＜0.01),常规肺功能无明显改善。16例对照组应用普通的阈压力负荷吸气肌训练仪,结果上述指标均无显著改善(P＞0.05)。结论在阈压力负荷吸气肌训练中限制吸气流速,形成稳定的呼吸方式,可在较低的压力负荷下,获得较好的临床效果。     

Psychological changes during pulmonary rehabilitation and target-flow inspiratory muscle training in COPD patients with a ventilatory limitation during exercise

The effects of pulmonary rehabilitation (PR), target-flow inspiratory muscle training (IMT) and a combination of both treatments (PR + IMT) on psychological parameters and the physical performance were studied in a group of sixty chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients with a ventilatory limitation during exercise (mean age +/- 59, mean FEV1 +/- 50% of predicted). After the ten week training period scores of anxiety and depression were decreased in the PR and the PR + IMT group, but not in the IMT group. In the PR group these scores were still decreased after a one year follow up period. Maximal workload and the activities in daily life (ADL) scores were improved significantly after the training period in the PR and the PR + IMT group. Most of these improvements had disappeared after one year. The 12 min walking distance was increased in all patient groups after the training period and was still increased after the follow up period. The exercise capacity was correlated significantly to lung function parameters. The psychological well-being, however, was not correlated with lung function parameters, but was closely related to ADL scores. The improvement of the psychological parameters was not correlated to the improvement of the exercise capacity after the training period or after one year. The results indicate that the psychological well-being and the physical condition are improved by different mechanisms during a pulmonary rehabilitation programme.     

Effect of Manual Therapy,Motor Control Exercise,and Inspiratory Muscle Training on Maximum Inspiratory Pressure and Postural Measures in Moderate Smokers: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Objective

The aim of this study is to assess whether adding manual therapy to motor control exercises protocol with inspiratory muscle training (IMT) (combined intervention) resulted in a greater effect than IMT alone in enhancing maximum inspiratory pressure (MIP) in the short term.