血管内超声指导经皮冠状动脉介入治疗对非ST段抬高型急性冠脉综合征临界病变患者预后的影响

目的观察血管内超声(IVUS)指导经皮冠状动脉介入(PCI)治疗对非ST段抬高型急性冠脉综合征(NSTE-ACS)临界病变患者临床预后的影响。方法入选2016年6月至2017年1月陕西省第四人民医院心血管内科冠状动脉造影(CAG)提示可行PCI术的NSTE-ACS临界病变患者100例,随机数字表法分为IVUS组和血流储备分数(FFR)组各50例,术后随访12个月,比较2组患者主要不良心血管事件(MACEs)发生情况。结果 IVUS组和FFR组患者病变血管直径[(3.5±0.7)vs(3.0±0.5)mm]、狭窄程度[(62.6±5.0)%vs(57.2±7.5)%]、病变长度[(20.2±8.8)vs(23.5±10.7)mm]、PCI相关并发症发生率[8.0%(4/50)vs 4.0%(2/50)]等差异无统计学意义(P0.05);相比FFR组患者,IVUS组患者支架植入率较高[56.0%(28/50)vs 38.0%(19/50)],但差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。术后随访12个月MACEs发生率差异无统计学意义[18.8%(9/48)vs 14.3%(7/49),P=0.55]。结论对于NSTE-ACS临界病变患者,IVUS指导血运重建治疗的短期临床预后不劣于FFR指导。     

血流储备分数指导下功能性血运重建对STEMI多支血管病变患者预后的影响

目的观察血流储备分数(FFR)指导下经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)功能性血运重建对急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死(STEMI)多支血管病变患者短期预后的影响。方法回顾性分析陕西省第四人民医院心血管内科2016年1月～2017年1月住院治疗STEMI多支血管病变患者的病历资料,根据干预非梗死相关血管(Non-IRA)时是否行FFR检查将患者分为:FFR组68例(FFR指导下功能性血运重建组)和CAG组92例(冠状动脉造影指导下血运重建组)。比较两组支架置入数量、平均支架总长度和围手术期主要并发症,患者术后随访12个月,比较两组术后1个月和术后12个月主要不良心血管事件(MACE)发生率。结果 FFR组支架置入数量[(1.5±1.0)枚vs.(2.6±0.5)枚,P=0.02]和平均支架总长度[(51.4±30.0)mm vs.(67.2±20.5)mm,P=0.03]显著低于CAG组(P0.05);术后1个月两组MACE发生率(1.5%vs. 3.3%,P=0.64)无统计学差异(P0.05),继续随访至术后12个月,FFR组MACE发生率(5.9%vs. 16.3%,P=0.04)较CAG组显著降低。结论 STEMI多支血管病变患者,FFR指导下分期PCI功能性血运重建减少支架置入数量和患者术后12个月发生MACE的风险。     

血流储备分数指导下ST段抬高型心肌梗死多支血管病变患者非梗死相关血管分期完全血运重建的临床研究

目的评估血流储备分数(FFR)在急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死(STEMI)多支血管病变患者非梗死相关血管(non-IRA)分期经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)完全血运重建中的临床价值。方法选取陕西中医药大学第二附属医院心血管内科2015年6月至2016年5月已成功行PCI开通梗死相关血管(IRA),拟分期PCI治疗(间隔≥7 d)non-IRA的STEMI多支血管病变患者90例,按随机数字表法分为FFR指导下完全血运重建组(FFR组)45例和冠状动脉造影指导下完全血运重建组(CAG组)45例。FFR组狭窄>90%的non-IRA病变直接行PCI治疗,对狭窄70%~90%的病变行FFR检查,仅对FFR<0.80的non-IRA行PCI治疗;CAG组对狭窄≥70%的non-IRA依据术者经验行PCI治疗,处理的靶血管参照血管直径≥2.5 mm。比较两组PCI时间、支架置入数量、造影剂用量、住院时间、住院费用和围术期并发症,随访患者术后6个月主要不良心脑血管事件发生情况。结果 FFR组支架置入数量[(1.68±0.75)枚比(2.83±0.54)枚,t=7.662,P<0.001]和造影剂用量[(164.8±35.7)ml比(195.0±41.9)ml,t=4.271,P=0.04]均明显少于CAG组;术后随访6个月,FFR组再次血运重建率显著低于CAG组(4.7%比19.5%,P=0.04),两组主要不良心脑血管事件发生率差异无统计学意义(均为P>0.05)。结论 STEMI多支血管病变患者在FFR指导下对non-IRA行分期完全血运重建可减少支架置入数量、造影剂用量及术后6个月再次血运重建率。     

血流储备分数指导下分期PCI干预非梗死相关动脉对STEMI患者短期预后的影响

目的:探讨血流储备分数(FFR)指导下分期行经皮冠状动脉(冠脉)介入术(PCI)干预非梗死相关动脉(non-IRA)对ST段抬高型心肌梗死(STEMI)患者预后的影响。方法:将100例拟分期PCI干预non-IRA的STEMI患者随机分为FFR指导下功能性血运重建组(FFR组)和单纯冠脉造影指导下血运重建组(CAG组),各50例。FFR组对狭窄70%～90%的non-IRA行FFR检查,FFR≤0.80为PCI干预的指证;CAG组对狭窄≥70%的non-IRA仅冠脉造影指导下行PCI。比较2组PCI资料和住院期间主要并发症,均术后随访12个月,比较2组术后1个月和12个月时主要不良心血管事件(MACE)的发生率。结果:FFR组和CAG组比较,人均支架植入量[(1.5±0.5)枚∶(2.6±1.0)枚,P≤0.01]和支架植入率[84.2%∶100%,P=0.003]显著降低;2组的PCI时间、造影剂剂量、住院时间、住院费用和住院期间主要并发症均无统计学差异;术后1个月FFR组未增加MACE事件发生率[1例(2%)∶3例(6%),P=0.617];术后12个月FFR组MACE事件[2例(4.08%)∶8例(16.70%),P=0.042]显著降低。结论:对STEMI多支血管病变患者在FFR指导下non-IRA分期功能性血运重建可减少不必要的PCI干预,降低术后12个月的MACE事件发生率。     

血流储备分数指导下功能性血运重建对SAP多支病变患者的临床意义

目的探讨血流储备分数(FFR)指导下功能性血运重建对稳定型心绞痛(SAP)多支病变患者的临床意义。方法收集2014年3月至2017年3月于辽宁省金秋医院就诊的SAP患者共88例。根据患者经皮冠脉动脉支架植入(PCI)过程中是否施行FFR分为两组,其中43例在FFR指导下接受血运重建,归为FFR组,余45例患者在单纯冠状动脉造影(CAG)指导下进行血运重建归为CAG组,比较两组患者临床资料、PCI术中资料及预后情况。结果 (1)FFR组患者人均植入支架数目及植入支架患者比例显著小于CAG组差异有统计学意义(t=3.07～7.67,P <0.05);(2)随访FFR组患者心绞痛及心功能情况优于CAG组,同时FFR组主要不良心血管事件(MACE)比例显著低于CAG组,差异有统计学意义(t=5.02,P <0.05)。结论 FFR指导下的功能性血运重建减少了多支病变SAP患者支架植入数目及比例,改善此类患者的预后。     

冠状动脉造影联合血流储备分数在冠心病合并2型糖尿病病人冠状动脉介入治疗中的应用价值

目的探讨冠状动脉造影(CAG)联合血流储备分数(FFR)在冠心病合并2型糖尿病病人冠状动脉介入治疗中的临床应用价值。方法将CAG明确冠状动脉病变且单支血管狭窄75%以上的冠心病合并糖尿病病人87例(151处病变),随机分为观察组和对照组。观察组43例(76处病变)均行心肌FFR测定,且在术前FFR≤0.8病人植入药物洗脱支架;对照组44倒(75处病变)均行经皮冠状动脉介入治疗常规植入药物洗脱支架。比较两组病人一般资料、高血压及高脂血症等危险因素,支架植入数目、病变支数、住院费用及手术12个月后主要心血管不良事件(MACE)发生率和心绞痛再发生率。结果观察组支架植入数目、住院费用及住院时间明显少于对照组(P 0.05);两组病人术后12个月出现MACE、复发心绞痛发生率比较,差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论CAG联合FFR可有效减少冠心病合并2型糖尿病病人支架使用数目、住院时间和医疗费用,且术后12个月内未增加MACE发生率及心绞痛的发作。     

不同血运重建策略对老年非ST段抬高型急性冠脉综合征合并多支血管病变患者预后的影响

目的比较一次与分次经皮冠状动脉介入(PCI)治疗完全血运重建对高龄非ST段抬高型急性冠脉综合征(NSTE-ACS)合并多支血管病变(MVD)患者预后的影响。方法回顾性分析陕西省第四人民医院心血管内科2016年6月至2017年1月住院治疗的高龄NSTE-ACS合并MVD患者110例,其中男性67例,女性43例,年龄(63.1±8.5)岁。根据完全血运重建策略不同分为一次PCI组(n=48)和分次PCI组(n=62),比较两组患者PCI治疗、住院期间主要并发症和院内主要不良心血管事件(MACEs)发生率。术后对患者随访6个月,比较两组心功能、心绞痛症状改善情况和MACEs发生率。采用SPSS 19.0统计软件对数据进行分析。组间比较采用t检验或x~2检验。结果患者术前左室射血分数(LVEF)和院内全球急性冠状动脉事件注册(GRACE)评分差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。分次PCI组单次造影剂用量明显低于一次PCI组[(180.0±60.0)vs(230.0±70.0)ml,P=0.04],院内MACEs和住院期间主要并发症较一次次PCI组显著降低[1.6%(1/62)vs 10.4%(5/48),P=0.04;4.8%(3/62)vs 18.8%(9/48),P=0.02]。随访6个月结果表明分次PCI组较一次PCI组MACEs发生率降低[4.9%(3/61》)vs 17.4%(8/46),P=0.03]。结论分次PCI完全血运重建安全有效,可能是高龄NSTE-ACS合并MVD患者优先选用的介入治疗策略。     

冠状动脉造影联合血流储备分数在2型糖尿病女性冠心病患者介入治疗中的应用价值

目的探讨冠状动脉造影(CAG)联合血流储备分数(FFR)在2型糖尿病女性冠心病患者介入治疗中的临床应用价值。方法选取2014年1月至2015年7月在航天中心医院接受CAG检查、证实至少有1处冠状动脉狭窄70%、拟置入支架治疗的女性患者60例,均确诊为2型糖尿病,随机分为观察组28例和对照组32例。观察组共42处病变均应用压力导丝行心肌FFR测定,仅在FFR≤0.80的病变中置入药物洗脱支架(DES);对照组共51处病变常规置入DES。比较两组患者冠心病危险因素情况、置入支架数,手术后12个月主要不良心血管事件(MACE,包括全因死亡、非致死性心肌梗死、再次血运重建及因心脏原因再入院)发生率及心绞痛再发率。结果观察组28例患者,FFR≤0.80的有12例患者18处病变共置入DES 19枚;对照组32例患者51处病变共置入DES48枚。观察组平均住院费用[(2.43±1.02)万元比(5.54±2.11)万元,P=0.005]、平均置入支架数[(0.68±0.64)枚比(1.49±0.88),P=0.032]、平均手术时间[(58.4±18.1)min比(68.4±21.2)min,P=0.041]及平均对比剂用量[(148.8±32.0)ml比(197.9±45.4)ml,P=0.028]均少于对照组,差异均有统计学意义。随访12个月,观察组再发心绞痛4例(14.3%),MACE事件2例(7.1%);对照组再发心绞痛4例(12.5%),MACE事件3例(9.3%),两组再发心绞痛和MACE的发生率比较,差异均无统计学意义(均P0.05)。结论 2型糖尿病女性冠心病患者介入治疗中联合应用CAG和FFR监测,可减少术中支架置入数量及对比剂用量,且并不增加近期不良心血管事件的发生率。     

血流储备分数与冠状动脉造影指导的治疗对急性冠状动脉综合征患者冠状动脉中度狭窄病变预后的影响

目的分析血流储备分数(FFR)与冠状动脉造影(CAG)指导的治疗对非ST段抬高急性冠状动脉综合征(NSTEACS)患者冠状动脉中度狭窄病变临床预后的影响。方法回顾性分析2014年7月1日至2015年7月30日在北京安贞医院行CAG显示为冠状动脉中度狭窄病变且行FFR检查的NSTEACS患者,共142例(FFR组),与同时期仅行CAG的NSTEACS冠状动脉中度狭窄患者以1∶2进行匹配,后者共284例(CAG组)。分析随访期间主要不良心血管事件(MACE,包括心原性死亡、靶血管血运重建、非致死性心肌梗死)发生情况。结果 FFR组行经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)的患者比例(36.6%比46.8%,P=0.037)、住院费用[(3.24±1.62)万元比(4.16±3.23)万元,P=0.033]、非致死性心肌梗死发生率(2.2%比4.5%,P=0.040)及靶血管血运重建率(5.9%比11.7%,P=0.046)均低于CAG组,差异均有统计学意义;而两组患者总MACE发生率及心原性死亡率比较,差异均无统计学意义(均P0.05)。结论在NSTEACS患者中,FFR结合CAG指导的治疗可减少支架置入比例和住院费用,并可改善该类患者的临床预后。     

冠脉造影术、FFR技术及FD-OCT评估的冠脉临界病变患者预后的比较

目的:比较冠脉造影术(CAG)、CAG联合冠状动脉血流储备分数检测技术(FFR)、CAG联合频域光学相干断层扫描技术(FD-OCT)诊断冠脉临界病变无需植入支架患者,以探讨三种检查方法对预后的影响。方法:采用三种检测方案筛选冠状动脉临界病变无需植入支架患者,分为:CAG组(45例,只采用CAG检测),CAG+FFR组(45例,CAG联合FFR检测),CAG+FD-OCT组(45例,CAG联合FD-OCT技术检查),三组均按稳定型冠心病二级预防治疗半年,观察三组患者心绞痛的发生率(恶化的心绞痛),心肌梗死发生率、靶血管血运重建率并进行比较。结果:与CAG组比较,CAG+FFR组和CAG+FD-OCT组心绞痛率(33.3%比4.4%、6.7%)、心肌梗死率(20.0%比4.4%、2.2%)、靶血管血运重建率(26.6%比6.7%、2.2%)均明显降低(P0.05或0.01),CAG+FFR组和CAG+FD-OCT组间无显著差异(P均0.05)。结论:相比单纯采用冠脉造影,冠脉造影联合冠状动脉血流储备分数检测技术或频域光学相干断层扫描技术能更有效地评估心脏血供情况,改善临界病变患者的预后。     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.