内镜下十二指肠乳头括约肌切开术后发生胆管炎的危险因素分析

目的探讨内镜下十二指肠乳头括约肌切开术(EST)术后发生胆管炎的高危因素,为临床防治提供参考。方法选取周口市中心医院2013年6月-2016年1月收治的196例行EST的患者作为研究对象,将其中31例术后发生胆管炎的患者作为感染组,其余165例作为对照组,对两组患者术后发生胆管炎的相关因素进行分析。计量资料2组间比较采用t检验;计数资料2组间比较采用χ~2检验,将有统计学意义的变量再进行多因素的非条件logistic回归分析。结果单因素分析结果显示感染组和对照组在既往胆道手术史[8(25.81%)vs 10(6.06%),χ~2=12.200,P=0.000 5]、胆总管结石的数量(2.8±0.5 vs 2.2±0.6,t=5.234,P=0.000 5)、合并胆囊结石伴胆囊炎[8(25.81%)vs 13(7.88%),χ~2=6.994,P=0.000 4]、合并肝内胆管结石[6(19.35%)vs 8(4.85%),χ~2=8.280,P=0.004 0]、手术时间[(35.6±5.8)min vs(27.1±6.2)min,t=7.072,P=0.000 4]、是否碎石[10(32.26%)vs 15(9.09%),χ~2=10.591,P=0.000 1]、术后胆道积气[12(60.00%)vs 16(21.82%),χ~2=17.940,P=0.000 2]和应用抗生素持续时间[(3.6±0.7)d vs(4.5±0.8)d,t=5.854,P=0.000 6]等方面比较差异均有统计学意义;多因素非条件的Logistic回归分析显示既往胆道手术史[比值比(OR)及95%可信区间(95%CI):1.962(1.156~3.658),P=0.024]、胆总管结石的数量[OR(95%CI):2.632(1.366~5.013),P=0.021]、合并肝内胆管结石[OR(95%CI):2.976(1.482~5.536),P=0.024]、手术时间[OR(95%CI):4.859(2.513~8.622),P=0.006]、术后胆道积气[OR(95%CI):5.326(2.633~10.524),P=0.005]是EST术后发生胆管炎的独立危险因素,其中应用抗生素持续时间[OR(95%CI):0.565(0.263~0.895),P=0.009]是其保护因素。结论对影响EST术后发生胆管炎的相关危险因素积极进行干预,对预防EST术后发生胆管炎有重要的临床意义。     

2型糖尿病患者血清胆红素水平与糖尿病足的相关性

目的 探讨2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者血清胆红素水平与糖尿病足的关系。方法 选取2009-2015年海南省第三人民医院收治的1 269例T2DM患者,根据糖尿病足的诊断标准分为糖尿病足组(578例)和非糖尿病足组(NDF组,691例),同时根据Wagner分级将糖尿病足组分为低级别组(40例,Wagner 0级或1级)、中级别组(425例,Wagner 2级或3级)、高级别组(113例,Wagner 4级或5级)。再将578例糖尿病足患者根据是否截肢分为非截肢组(446例)和截肢组(132例)。所有患者入院时检测血清总胆红素、直接胆红素(D-BIL)和间接胆红素(I-BIL)水平,以及白细胞计数、肌酐、收缩压、丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)、γ-谷氨酰转肽酶(GGT)、尿酸、总胆固醇、甘油三酯、高密度脂蛋白-胆固醇(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白-胆固醇(LDL-C)、HbA1c和血红蛋白。收集糖尿病足患者的Wagner分级和截肢手术资料。进行二元或有序多元logistic回归分析,以确定T2DM患者糖尿病足及截肢的危险因素。结果 与NDF组相比,糖尿病足组患者年龄、吸烟和饮酒患者的比例、大血管并发症患者的比例均较高(χ2=3.852~474.272,P均<0.05);白细胞计数、肌酐、收缩压水平升高(U=6.485、35.421、36.155,P均<0.05),总胆红素、D-BIL、I-BIL、ALT、AST、GGT、尿酸、总胆固醇、甘油三酯、HDL-C、LDL-C、HbA1c、血红蛋白和高脂血症患者的比例降低(U=3.145~68.119,P均<0.05)。血清I-BIL水平≥6.0 μmol/L与糖尿病足呈负相关(OR=0.751,95%CI:0.570~0.980,P<0.05)。血清总胆红素>10.0 μmol/L与Wagner评分较低有关(OR=0.506,95%CI:0.298~0.857,P<0.05),血清I-BIL≥6.0 μmol/L是Wagner评分较低的保护因素(OR=0.280, 95%CI:0.147~0.538,P<0.05)。总胆红素≥10.0 μmol/L是截肢的保护因素(OR=0.474,95%CI: 0.243~0.921,P<0.05)。结论 T2DM患者血清胆红素水平下降与糖尿病足的严重程度以及截肢事件独立相关。     

辽宁省部分农村地区大棚作业农民肺个人影响因素分析及预防

目的了解辽宁省部分农村地区大棚作业农民肺的个人影响因素,提供其有效的预防措施。方法采用统一调查方案、步骤和问卷,于2006年8月~2009年6月在沈阳市、新民市、朝阳市及锦州市等4个地区的郊区对5 420例从事塑料大棚作业的农民进行流行病学调查及肺功能检测,采用logistic回归模型对22个有关个人特征的变量进行单因素及多因素分析。结果 5个大棚作业农民肺个人危险性因素按大小顺序排列为：儿时患肺炎病史（P=0.026,OR=18.718）、每日大棚工作结束后不洗脸（P=0.000,OR=5.694）、洗澡频率低（〉10 d/次）（P=0.012,OR=3.369）、年龄〉60岁（P=0.000,OR=2.744）及受教育程度低（小学及以下）（P=0.009,OR=2.393）。6个大棚作业农民肺个人保护性因素按大小顺序排列为：每次进棚时间间隔〉0.5 h[P=0.000,OR=0.021,OR（95%CI）=0.010~0.044]、无儿时咳嗽史[P=0.004,OR=0.021,OR（95%CI）=0.009~0.048]、每次大棚工作结束后不洗头[P=0.000,OR=0.038,OR（95%CI）=0.008~0.177]、儿童时期不经常出入大棚或不在大棚生活[P=0.001,OR=0.063,OR（95%CI）=0.013~0.301]、无过敏史[P=0.000,OR=0.092,OR（95%CI）=0.034~0.252]及不在大棚内居住[P=0.007,OR=0.403,OR（95%CI）=0.209~0.778]。结论采取科学的工作生活方式及积极地自我保护等一级预防措施,可有效减少大棚作业农民肺的发生。     

低镁血症与老年急性心力衰竭90天不良预后的相关性

目的探讨低镁血症和老年急性心力衰竭(AHF)患者90 d不良预后的相关性。方法入选2013年1月至2016年12月北京医院急诊科AHF患者150例,根据入院后90 d内是否发生终点事件分为预后不良组56例和非预后不良组94例,随访90 d终点事件为患者全因死亡或再次因AHF入院,分析影响患者预后的危险因素。应用SPSS 19.0统计软件对数据进行处理。组间比较采用t检验、Mann-Whitney U检验或χ~2检验。单因素和多因素logistic回归分析筛选影响预后的危险因素。结果 90 d内终点事件发生率37.3%(56/150),其中因AHF再入院31.3%(47/150),死亡发生率6%(9/150)。预后不良组血镁水平明显低于非预后不良组[(0.70±0.05)vs(0.80±0.09)μmol/L],差异有统计学意义(P=0.000)。多因素logistic回归分析结果表明血镁水平降低[OR=30.631,95%CI 5.943~157.881;P=0.000]、呼吸频率增快[OR=1.354,95%CI 1.112~1.648;P=0.003]、临床床旁分级重型[OR=3.316,95%CI 1.169~9.403;P=0.024]、N末端脑钠肽前体(NT-pro BNP)水平升高[OR=3.960,95%CI 1.318~11.892;P=0.014]为影响AHF患者90 d预后的独立危险因素。结论低镁血症是老年AHF患者90 d不良预后的危险因素,其价值值得临床医师重视。     

主动脉夹层发病相关危险因素分析

目的分析主动脉夹层(AD)发病相关危险因素的流行病学特点,以指导临床诊治。方法选择2017年1月~2019年6月我中心收治因胸痛就诊入院的患者733例,根据最终诊断,将确诊AD患者328作为病例组,非AD患者405例作为对照组,回顾性分析比较2组患者一般资料、既往病史和实验室指标,多因素logistic回归分析AD的影响因素。结果与对照组比较,病例组高血压、动脉粥样硬化、马方综合征、白塞病、主动脉瓣二叶畸形、大动脉炎、吸烟、饮酒比例、TC、TG、LDL-C水平明显升高,载脂蛋白A-Ⅰ和HDL-C水平明显降低(P<0.05,P<0.01)。logistic回归分析显示,高血压(OR=5.334,95%CI:3.757~7.574,P=0.000)、马方综合征(OR=4.681,95%CI:2.893~7.576,P=0.000)、主动脉瓣二叶畸形(OR=2.365,95%CI:1.476~3.812,P=0.000)、吸烟(OR=1.908,95%CI:1.164~3.126,P=0.010),载脂蛋白A-Ⅰ(OR=0.524,95%CI:0.320~0.859,P=0.010)和HDL-C(OR=0.187,95%CI:0.132~0.266,P=0.000)是AD的影响因素。结论高血压、马方综合征、主动脉瓣二叶畸形、吸烟是AD的独立危险因素,载脂蛋白A-Ⅰ和HDL-C是AD发病的独立保护因素。     

围术期缺血性脑卒中的危险因素研究

目的探讨围术期缺血性脑卒中的危险因素,为脑卒中的预防提供依据。方法选择2005年1月~2011年12月在我院神经内科行非心脏和非血管外科手术,经MRI确诊为围术期缺血性脑卒中患者54例(病例组),同期随机选择围术期未发生脑卒中患者162例(对照组),采用13配对病例研究设计,收集2组患者的临床资料,分别行单因素、多因素logistic回归分析。结果病例组术中血压下降比例明显高于对照组(33.3%vs 19.8%,P=0.038),高血压、糖尿病、心脏病、慢性肾脏病、脑血管病、心房颤动、白细胞计数、肌酐水平明显低于对照组[22.2%vs37.0%,P=0.047;14.8%vs 29.6%,P=0.032;18.5%vs 32.1%,P=0.025;11.1%vs 33.3%,P=0.001;20.4%vs 32.7%,P=0.000;22.2%vs 37.7%,P=0.046;(10.67±4.92)×109/L vs(14.39±6.18)×109/L,P=0.042;(78.92±2.87)μmol/L vs(108.00±3.21)μmol/L,P=0.002]。logistic回归分析表明,术中血压下降(OR=9.594,95%CI:3.338~27.575,P=0.000)、高血压(OR=9.219,95%CI:2.945~28.856,P=0.000)、慢性肾脏病(OR=6.096,95%CI:1.782~20.858,P=0.004)、脑血管病(OR=3.870,95%CI:1.008~14.860,P=0.049)、心房颤动(OR=3.225,95%CI:1.128~9.219,P=0.029)为围术期缺血性脑卒中的危险因素。结论术中血压下降、高血压、慢性肾脏病、脑血管病、心房颤动可能为非心脏和非血管外科手术围术期缺血性脑卒中独立预测因素。     

479例炎症性肠病患者复发相关危险因素临床分析

背景:炎症性肠病(IBD)是一组易反复发作的慢性非特异性肠道炎症性疾病,预后和复发预测对控制病情具有重要意义。目的:分析IBD患者的复发特征以及影响复发的临床因素。方法:收集2004年1月-2014年6月明确诊断的住院IBD患者479例,其中溃疡性结肠炎(UC)301例,克罗恩病(CD)178例,按是否复发分为两组,对可能影响IBD复发的各项临床特征行单因素和多因素分析。结果:UC组复发率为52.49%,CD组为77.53%。Logistic逐步回归分析显示,发病年龄轻(40岁,OR=0.825,95%CI:0.777~0.876,P=0.000)、病程长(OR=1.186,95%CI:1.089~1.291,P=0.000)和广泛结肠炎(OR=16.993,95%CI:2.670~108.170,P=0.003)是UC复发的独立危险因素;发病年龄轻(40岁,OR=0.944,95%CI:0.915~0.974,P=0.000)和服药依从性差(OR=31.074,95%CI:10.456~92.343,P=0.000)是CD复发的独立危险因素。结论:参考上述复发相关危险因素对复发早期识别、早期积极干预、坚持维持治疗,同时加强健康宣教以改善服药依从性,可能对降低IBD临床复发率具有积极意义。     

抗血小板治疗后血小板高反应性与急性非心源性脑梗死早期神经功能恶化的关系

目的探讨抗血小板治疗后血小板高反应性(HTPR)与急性非心源性脑梗死早期神经功能恶化(END)的关系。方法入选急性非心源性脑梗死患者215例,根据入院72h内神经功能有无恶化分为END组55例和非END组160例。全部患者入院当日开始口服阿司匹林300 mg后6~24h空腹取血,检测血脂及糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)等,并以二磷酸腺苷为诱导剂测定血小板聚集功能(PAGT),比较2组HTPR发生率,采用多因素logistic回归分析END的独立危险因素,采用ROC曲线评估PAGT对END的预测价值。结果 END组LDL[(3.23±0.75)mmol/L vs(3.02±0.63)mmol/L]、HbA1c[(6.75±0.65)%vs(6.70±0.54)%]明显高于非END组(P0.01)。END组HTPR发生率明显高于非END组,差异有统计学意义(63.34%vs 43.75%,P=0.011),多因素logistic回归分析显示,LDL、HbA1c和HTPR是急性非心源性脑梗死患者END的独立危险因素(OR=9.023,95%CI:3.085~26.387,P=0.000,OR=11.344,95%CI:3.882~33.152,P=0.000,OR=34.364,95%CI:4.422~267.029,P=0.001,),PAGT判断急性非心源性脑梗死END的ROC曲线下面积为0.864(95%CI:0.806~0.922,P=0.000)。结论 HTPR与急性非心源性脑梗死END密切相关。     

老年高危非致残性缺血性脑血管病患者复发的临床特点分析

目的探讨老年高危非致残性缺血性脑血管病事件复发的临床特点。方法回顾性分析2014年12月~2016年9月在北京市丰台区南苑医院神经内科住院的老年高危非致残性缺血性脑血管病事件患者262例,12例资料不完整,进入最终数据分析250例,根据患者3个月复发情况分为复发组34例,对照组216例。收集2组一般临床资料、实验室检查结果。logistic回归分析复发终点事件发生的相关危险因素。结果复发组男性、冠心病、起病形式波动进展、颅内动脉狭窄、多发病灶、尿酸水平明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05,P0.01)。logistic回归分析显示,男性、冠心病、起病形式波动进展、影像多发病灶与老年高危非致残性缺血性脑血管病患者复发相关(OR=6.449,95%CI:0.064~0.703,P=0.011;OR=4.085,95%CI:0.144~0.971,P=0.043;OR=20.101,95%CI:2.424~9.595,P=0.000;OR=9.126,95%CI:1.720~12.742,P=0.003)。结论男性、冠心病、起病形式波动进展、多发病灶的老年高危非致残性缺血性脑血管病事件患者复发风险高。     

糖尿病足患者发生抑郁危险因素的Meta分析

目的 分析糖尿病足患者抑郁情绪发生的危险因素。方法 检索中国知网、维普、万方、中国生物医学文献服务系统、PubMed、Web of Science、EMbase、Cochrane Library数据库中关于糖尿病足患者发生抑郁情绪危险因素的相关文献,检索时间为建库以来至2023年2月。通过EndNote X20软件对初步检索文献进行查重、按照纳入与排除标准筛选文献,采用RevMan5.4软件进行数据分析。结果 共纳入7篇文献,13个相关因素进行Meta分析。糖尿病足病程[OR=2.28,95%CI(1.41～3.67)]、合并糖尿病肾病[OR=4.50,95%CI(1.90～10.69)]、合并微血管并发症[OR=2.20,95%CI(1.46～3.34)]、Wagner分级[OR=2.13,95%CI(1.33～3.44)]、截肢/趾史或风险[OR=2.41,95%CI(1.60～3.64)]是糖尿病足发生抑郁的影响因素（P<0.05）。结论 糖尿病足病程长、合并糖尿病肾病、合并微血管并发症、Wagner分级高、有截肢/趾史或风险是糖尿病足患者合并抑郁情绪的危险因素。     

胰岛素瘤的解剖分布特点分析

目的胰岛素瘤是最常见的胰腺神经内分泌肿瘤，因其临床表现多样，导致诊断困难。影像学诊断尤其是超声内镜(EUS)在胰岛素瘤的诊断中起着重要作用，拥有较高的敏感性和特异性。本研究拟通过明确胰岛素瘤的解剖分布特点，以期有助于提高影像学的诊断准确率和降低漏诊率，尤其是在教育和培训实践中对于EUS的学习者更具有指导价值。 方法回顾性分析解放军总医院第一医学中心病案资料数据库1993年1月至2019年11月经外科手术、病理确诊为胰岛素瘤的患者的临床资料，检索方法采取搜索术后病理诊断为"胰岛素瘤"的病例，通过查阅病例的方法，提取出胰岛素瘤的大小和解剖分布等数据，进一步分析其特点。 结果共检索到确诊为胰岛素瘤的患者116例，其中，男45例、女71例，年龄13～76岁，平均年龄(44.4±14.85)岁。胰岛素瘤单发110例(94.8%)、多发6例(5.2%)。位置分布：头颈部46例(39.7%)，单发45例、多发1例；体尾部68例(58.6%)，单发65例、多发3例；全胰腺多发2例(1.7%)。病变大小特点：最大径0.4～3.4 cm，平均大小(1.53±0.58)cm。≤1 cm 29例、>1 cm而≤1.5 cm41例、>1.5 cm而≤2.0 cm28例，≤3 cm 15例，>3 cm 3例。年龄与肿瘤的大小相关，≤44岁患者肿瘤平均大小为(1.36±0.51)cm、>44岁患者肿瘤平均大小为(1.70±0.60)cm，P<0.05。头颈部的肿瘤大于体尾部的肿瘤，头颈部肿瘤平均大小(1.66±0.63)cm，体尾部(1.42±0.52)cm，P<0.05。 结论胰岛素瘤在胰腺体尾部较头颈部更好发；绝大多数单发，但可以全胰腺多发；多数小于1.5 cm，肿瘤的大小与患者年龄和肿瘤的解剖分布相关。     

Pathogenesis of carcinoma of the papilla of Vater

Most adenomas and carcinomas of the small intestine and extrahepatic bile ducts arise in the region of the papilla of Vater. In familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) it is the main location for carcinomas after proctocolectomy. In many cases symptoms due to stenosis lead to diagnosis at an early tumor stage. In about 80%, curative intended resection is possible. Operability is the most relevant prognostic factor. Most ampullary carcinomas resp. carcinomas of the papilla of Vater develop from adenomatous or flat dysplastic precursor lesions. They can be sited in the ampulloduodenal part of the papilla of Vater, which is lined by intestinal mucosa. They also can develop in deeper parts of the ampulla, which are lined by pancreaticobiliary duct mucosa. Intestinal-type adenocarcinoma and pancreaticobiliary-type adenocarcinoma represent the main histological types of ampullary carcinoma. Furthermore, there exist unusual types and undifferentiated carcinomas. Many carcinomas of intestinal type express the immunohistochemical marker profile of intestinal mucosa (keratin 7?, keratin 20+, MUC2+). Carcinomas of pancreaticobiliary type usually show the immunohistochemical profile of pancreaticobiliary duct mucosa (keratin 7+, keratin 20?, MUC2?). Even poorly differentiated carcinomas, as well as unusual histological types, may conserve the marker profile of the mucosa they developed from. These findings underline the concept of histogenetically different carcinomas of the papilla of Vater which develop either from intestinal- or from pancreaticobiliary-type mucosa of the papilla of Vater. Molecular alterations in ampullary carcinomas are similar to those of colorectal as well as pancreatic carcinomas, although they appear at different frequencies. In future studies, molecular alterations in ampullary carcinomas should be correlated closely with the different histologic tumor types. Consequently, the histologic classification should reflect the histogenesis of ampullary tumors from the two different types of papillary mucosa.     

Demonstration of the mechanism of action of biguanides

Summary Palmitic acid oxidation in rat diaphragm homogenate is depressed by biguanide concentrations that are still incapable of inhibiting oxidative phosphorylation. Glucose oxidation is not directly effected by the same biguanide concentrations: however, the inhibitory effect of palmitic acid on glucose oxidation is partly removed by biguanides. Inhibition of fatty acid oxidation, which accounts for most of the metabolic effects caused by these drugs, can be regarded as the fundamental mechanism of action of biguanides. There is some evidence suggesting that these drugs might interact with carnitine, thus preventing long-chain fatty acids from being transported across the mitochondrial membrane to the site of oxidation. Traduzione a cura degli AA.     

Lack of correlation of degree of villous atrophy with severity of clinical presentation of coeliac disease

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Both the clinical presentation and the degree of mucosal damage in coeliac disease vary greatly. In view of conflicting information as to whether the mode of presentation correlates with the degree of villous atrophy, we reviewed a large cohort of patients with coeliac disease. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We correlated mode of presentation (classical, diarrhoea predominant or atypical/silent) with histology of duodenal biopsies and examined their trends over time. RESULTS: The cohort consisted of 499 adults, mean age 44.1 years, 68% females. The majority had silent coeliac disease (56%) and total villous atrophy (65%). There was no correlation of mode of presentation with the degree of villous atrophy (p=0.25). Sixty-eight percent of females and 58% of males had a severe villous atrophy (p=0.052). There was a significant trend over time for a greater proportion of patients presenting as atypical/silent coeliac disease and having partial villous atrophy, though the majority still had total villous atrophy. CONCLUSIONS: Among our patients the degree of villous atrophy in duodenal biopsies did not correlate with the mode of presentation, indicating that factors other than the degree of villous atrophy must account for diarrhoea in coeliac disease.     

氯硝柳胺悬浮剂的毒性评价

目的评价氯硝柳胺悬浮剂的毒性，为现场大规模应用灭螺提供依据。方法按照中华人民共和国国家标准GB 15670-1995《农药登记毒理学试验方法》和鱼类毒性试验方法进行。结果经口、经皮肤的LDso雌、雄性大鼠均>5 000 mg/kg，经呼吸道的LCso雌、雄性大鼠均>5 000mg/m3，该药经口、经皮肤、经呼吸道毒性均属微毒类药物；兔眼用药后，观察期内无不良反应，对眼无刺激性；皮肤用药后对皮肤无刺激性。与氯硝柳胺原药、氯硝柳胺乙醇胺盐原药和氯硝柳胺乙醇胺盐可湿性粉剂相比，氯硝柳胺悬浮剂对鱼急性毒性最低。结论氯硝柳胺悬浮剂属微毒类药物，对鱼的毒性低于其乙醇胺盐可湿性粉剂，适合于现场应用。     

血吸虫童虫生长发育及其机制的研究进展

血吸虫童虫是宿主免疫系统攻击的重要靶标,包括皮肤型、肺型和肝门型童虫。宿主分子对童虫生长发育具有重要作用。童虫生长发育机制包括免疫调节、信号转导、性别发育及凋亡等。肌动蛋白、组织蛋白酶、烯醇化酶和葡萄糖基转移酶等分子为血吸虫童虫生长发育的重要分子。本文对血吸虫童虫生长发育及其机制的研究进展做一综述。     

124例耐多药结核分枝杆菌基因突变特征分析

目的对临床分离的耐多药结核分枝杆菌相关基因的突变特征进行分析。方法对124例耐多药结核分枝杆菌以及50株敏感株的耐药相关基因(包括异烟肼inh A、kat G、oxyR-ahp C间隔区以及利福平rpo B)进行序列测定,分析其基因突变情况。结果异烟肼耐药inh A基因突变率为14.5%;kat G基因突变率为70.2%(87/124),主要位于315位;oxyR-ahp C间隔区突变率为15.3%;inh A、kat G两种基因同时突变率75.0%,三种基因同时突变率为89.5%。利福平rpo B基因突变的检出率高达95.2%,突变主要发生在531、526、516位点。结论我省耐多药菌异烟肼耐药相关基因最常见突变为kat G 315、inh A C-T(-15)、axyR-ahp C间隔区(-10)C-T,利福平为rpo B531、526、516。结合MDR-TB耐药相关基因的特征分析,可以建立一种快速、准确、特异的适合于我省的检测结核菌耐多药性的新方法。     

Assessment of quality of life of parents of children with juvenile chronic arthritis

The aim of the study was to assess the quality of life (QOL) and the psychological status of parents of children with juvenile chronic arthritis (JCA). The QOL, anxiety and depression of the parents of 28 children with JCA were evaluated and compared to those of the parents of 28 healthy children. Mothers of JCA children and mothers of healthy children reported similar QOL. The reported anxiety and depression levels were similar for mothers and fathers in both groups. The parents of children with pauciarticular-type JCA reported lower QOL and higher levels of anxiety and depression than the parents of children with other types, namely polyarticular and systemic JCA. These findings may be explained by the fact that the pauciarticular patients had shorter disease duration and were less frequently seen in the outpatient clinic. The QOL of mothers of children with JCA was found to be slightly impaired in the group of children with pauciarticular JCA. Future larger studies are needed to confirm these results, as the number of subjects in the three groups was rather low. Received: 26 September 2001 / Accepted: 8 February 2002     

Numerical Simulation of the Effect of Rate of Change of Glucose on Measurement Error of Continuous Glucose Monitors

Background

A 5-day in-patient study designed to assess the accuracy of the FreeStyle Navigator® Continuous Glucose Monitoring System revealed that the level of accuracy of the continuous sensor measurements was dependent on the rate of glucose change. When the absolute rate of change was less than 1 mg•dl⁻¹•min⁻¹ (75% of the time), the median absolute relative difference (ARD) was 8.5%, with 85% of all points falling within the A zone of the Clarke error grid. When the absolute rate of change was greater than 2 mg•dl⁻¹•min⁻¹ (8% of the time), the median ARD was 17.5%, with 59% of all points falling within the Clarke A zone.

Method

Numerical simulations were performed to investigate effects of the rate of change of glucose on sensor measurement error. This approach enabled physiologically relevant distributions of glucose values to be reordered to explore the effect of different glucose rate-of-change distributions on apparent sensor accuracy.

Results

The physiological lag between blood and interstitial fluid glucose levels is sufficient to account for the observed difference in sensor accuracy between periods of stable glucose and periods of rapidly changing glucose.

Conclusions

The role of physiological lag on the apparent decrease in sensor accuracy at high glucose rates of change has implications for clinical study design, regulatory review of continuous glucose sensors, and development of performance standards for this new technology. This work demonstrates the difficulty in comparing accuracy measures between different clinical studies and highlights the need for studies to include both relevant glucose distributions and relevant glucose rate-of-change distributions.     

治疗高血压药物的经济学评价

重视高血压治疗中的经济学评价,对利用我国有限的卫生资源来遏制高血压对人民群众的危害有着重要的现实意义。药物经济学对于药物治疗的成本和治疗的结果给予同样的关注。因为治疗高血压的费用,不仅涉及药物价格,还包括患者的危险水平,降压疗效和对临床终点事件的影响,以及治疗的依从性和安全性。因此药物经济学更强调整体成本和价-效比。低危病人,若非药价低廉,治疗的价-效比不够理想。而在高危的患者,价-效比越小越经济而不是药费越便宜越好。