6分钟步行在慢性心力衰竭患者康复治疗中的价值(英文)

目的:探讨6分钟步行在慢性心衰(CHF)患者康复治疗中的价值。方法:选择我院老年科78例CHF患者,随机分成6min步行试验(6MWT)组(在常规治疗的基础上进行6分钟步行训练,2次/d)和常规治疗组,每组39人。6周后,比较两组治疗前后6min步行距离(6MWD)、心率及左室射血分数(LVEF)。结果:6周后,两组相关指标均有所改善(P均<0.05);与常规治疗组比较,6MWT组6MWD[(307.6±39.3)m比(503.4±44.4)m]、LVEF[(45.3±17.9)%比(58.7±9.2)%]显著增加,6MWT后恢复期心率[(73.3±2.9)次/min比(65.7±2.1)次/min]显著降低(P均<0.05)。结论:6分钟步行可以显著改善患者心力衰竭症状,增强运动耐力,对患者恢复心功能有重要价值。     

体外反搏对慢性心力衰竭PCI术后的临床疗效观察

目的探讨体外反搏（EECP）对女性慢性心力衰竭（CHF）患者PCI术后的疗效及安全性。方法选择53例CHF行PCI术的绝经后女性患者,随机分为EECP组和药物治疗组。EECP组在常规药物基础上加做EECP8周,药物治疗组只进行常规药物治疗。两组患者治疗前、后均检测6min步行距离及Tei指数。结果两组6min步行距离（m）（589．00±47．17、556．00±48．17）及Tei指数（0．38±0．11、0．45±0．12）与治疗前（465．50±41．80、467．75±40．76,0．57±0．12、0．56±0．13）相比差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．01）,两组之间比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论EECP可提高女性CHF患者PCI术后的心肌缺氧能力,改善心功能,提高运动耐量,值得临床推广。     

非心脏手术中临时起搏器植入后的起搏比例对心功能的影响

目的探讨非心脏手术中临时起搏器(TPM)植入后的起搏比例对心功能的影响。方法回顾性分析2012年6月至2017年6月宝鸡市中心医院心血管内科非心脏手术中植入TPM患者200例,依据右心室起搏比例分为高搏组128例和低搏组72例,比较2组患者并发症、术前和术后1 d心率(HR)、心脏指数(CI)、左心室射血分数(LVEF)、肌酸激酶同工酶MB(CKMB)、肌钙蛋白T(Tn T)、氨基末端脑钠肽前体(NT-pro BNP)以及房颤发生率。采用SPSS 22.0统计软件对数据进行分析。组间比较采用t检验、方差分析、χ2检验或Z检验。结果高搏组和低搏组患者手术并发症发生率分别为4.69%(6/128)和6.94%(5/72),差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。高搏组患者术后1 d相比术前HR、CI和LVEF水平降低,CKMB、Tn T和NT-pro BNP水平升高,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。高搏组患者术后1 d相比低搏组患者HR[(62.47±6.51)vs(69.43±7.24)beats/min]、CI[(2.45±0.30)vs(3.86±0.42)L/(min·m~2)]和LVEF[(35.12±3.55)%vs(39.94±4.11)%]水平降低,CKMB[(46.87±5.43)vs(38.32±4.16)U/L]、Tn T[(86.45±9.05)vs(68.02±7.36)ng/L]和NT-pro BNP[(275.12±30.24)vs(228.31±29.57)ng/L]水平升高,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。高搏组新发房颤发生率为7.81%(10/128),低搏组无新发房颤发生,差异有统计学意义(χ2=4.391,P=0.045)。结论非心脏手术中植入TPM后≤50%起搏比例可有效保持患者心功能稳定,有利于避免术后新发房颤的发生。     

左西孟旦联合重组人脑钠肽治疗陈旧性心肌梗死后心力衰竭的短期疗效

目的观察左西孟旦联合重组人脑钠肽(rh-BNP)治疗陈旧性心肌梗死后心力衰竭的疗效及安全性。方法入选2012年12月~2014年6月解放军总医院CCU的陈旧性心肌梗死后心力衰竭患者共60例,其中男性39例,女性21例,年龄49~78岁,平均年龄(68.2±13.1)岁。所有入选者随机分为对照组和联合治疗组,每组各30例。两组均给予基础治疗,对照组加用左西孟旦,联合治疗组加用左西孟旦和rh-BNP。以脉搏指数连续心输出量(Pi CCO)监测血流动力学指标:心输出量(CO)、心脏指数(CI)、胸腔内血容积指数(ITBVI)、血管外肺水指数(EVLWI)。所有患者分别于治疗前及治疗7 d后测定左室射血分数(LVEF)、左室舒张末期内径(LVEDD)及脑钠肽(BNP)水平,进行6分钟步行试验(6MWT)评估心功能,观察用药期间的不良反应发生率。结果两组治疗72 h后的CO、CI水平较治疗前明显提高,而ITBVI、EVLWI明显降低,差异有统计学意义(P均0.05)。联合治疗组CO、CI、ITBVI、EVLWI明显优于对照组,分别为[(4.43±0.36)L/min vs.(3.44±0.13)L/min]、[(4.57±0.64)L/min·m~2 vs.(3.45±0.24)L/min·m~2]、[(0.72±0.08)L·m~2 vs.(0.96±0.07)L·m~2]、[(5.70±0.32)ml/kg vs.(7.39±0.76)ml/kg],差异有统计学意义(P均0.05)。联合治疗组的每日液体出入量明显多于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。两组治疗7 d后的LVEF、6MWD水平较治疗前明显增加,而LVEDD、BNP水平明显降低,差异有统计学意义(P均0.05)。与对照组治疗后比较,联合治疗组LVEF、6MWD增加,LVEDD、BNP降低,数值为[(36.71±3.24)%vs.(39.51±3.19)%]、[(236.75±58.39)m vs.(267.94±42.13)m]、[(54.3±2.4)mm vs.(51.6±3.8)mm]、BNP[(2936.81±1052.47)pg/ml vs.(2438.65±824.2)pg/ml],差异有统计学意义(P均0.05)。两组不良反应发生率无统计学差异(P0.05)。结论左西孟旦联合rh-BNP改善陈旧性心肌梗死后心力衰竭患者血流动力学和心功能优于单独应用左西孟旦,且安全性较好。     

运动康复治疗对慢性稳定性心力衰竭患者运动耐力、心肺功能及生活质量的影响

目的:探讨运动康复治疗对慢性稳定性心力衰竭(心衰)患者运动耐力、心肺功能和生活质量的影响。方法:入选的96例纽约心脏协会(NYHA)心功能Ⅱ~Ⅲ级、左心室射血分数(LVEF)40%的慢性稳定性心衰患者在药物治疗基础上,随机分为运动康复组(n=46)和对照组(n=50)。运动康复组采用踏车运动康复,训练强度为基线水平症状限制性心肺运动试验测得的峰值氧耗量(peak VO2)50%~80%;每周运动3次,每次25~40 min。在基线及12周随访结束时通过心肺运动试验测peak VO2、二氧化碳通气当量斜率(VE/VCO2 slop)、无氧阈氧耗量(VO2 AT)、最大运动功率和最大运动时间;超声心动图检查左心房内径(LAD)、左心室舒张末期内径(LVEDD)、心脏指数(CI)、LVEF;测6 min步行距离;检测血浆N末端B型利钠肽原(NT-pro BNP);通过明尼苏达心衰生活质量问卷表(MLWHFQ)评估生活质量。对上述指标进行组内及组间比较。结果:运动康复组患者通过12周的规律有氧运动训练,与基线水平比较,peak VO2[(19.8±2.7)ml/(min·kg)vs(17.4±2.1)ml/(min·kg)]、VO2 AT[(11.6±2.5)ml/(min·kg)vs(9.5±1.8)ml/(min·kg)]、最大运动功率[(120±20)W vs(102±21)W]、最大运动时间[(8.2±1.7)min vs(6.4±1.5)min]、CI[(2.2±0.5)L/(min·m2)vs(1.9±0.4)L/(min·m2)]、LVEF[(42±5)%vs(35±4)%]和6 min步行距离[(406±58)m vs(345±79)m]均增加(P均0.05),VE/VCO2 slop[(31.7±4.6)vs(34.2±5.8)]、LAD[(38.6±5.5)mm vs(41.5±3.6)mm]、LVEDD[(58.4±6.3)mm vs(62.9±5.4)mm]、NT-pro BNP[(235±69)ng/ml vs(387±57)ng/ml]和MLWHFQ总评分[(30.8±12.0)分vs(42.3±8.5)分]下降(P均0.05);运动康复组与对照组比较,上述指标之间的差异也均有统计学意义(P均0.05)。而对照组随访12周后,上述指标与基线水平比较,差异无统计学意义(P均0.05)。结论:运动康复治疗能安全、有效地改善慢性稳定性心衰患者的运动耐力、心肺功能和生活质量。     

运动训练对老年冠心病慢性心力衰竭患者心功能及预后的影响

目的:探讨康复运动训练对老年冠心病慢性心力衰竭(CHF)患者心功能和预后的影响。方法:82例老年冠心病CHF患者被随机均分为常规治疗组(接受CHF常规治疗)和运动康复组(在常规治疗基础上接受运动康复训练)。比较两组治疗前后每搏量(SV)、左室射血分数(LVEF)、6min步行距离(6MWD)及NYHA心功能分级的变化,随访12月,比较两组因CHF再次住院率和心源性死亡率。结果:治疗前两组SV、LVEF、6MWD及心功能分级差异无显著性(P0.05)。与治疗前比较,治疗后两组SV、LVEF和6MWD均显著增加,NYHA心功能分级均显著降低,P均0.01。与常规治疗组比较,治疗后运动康复组SV[(50.8±5.9)ml比(58.6±6.2)ml],LVEF[(44.9±6.7)%比(50.2±7.2)%]和6MWD[(139.7±18.9)m比(175.2±21.4)m]显著增加,NYHA心功能分级[(2.1±0.5)级比(1.7±0.6)级]显著降低,P均0.01。随访12个月期间,运动康复组因CHF再住院率显著低于常规治疗组(9.8%比26.8%),P0.05。结论:运动康复训练可改善老年冠心病慢性心力衰竭患者的心脏功能,提高运动耐力,改善预后,有临床推广应用价值。     

重组人脑利钠肽联合芪苈强心胶囊治疗老年急性心肌梗死合并心力衰竭的临床价值

目的 分析重组人脑利钠肽(rhBNP)联合芪苈强心治疗老年急性心肌梗死(AMI)合并心力衰竭(HF)的临床疗效。方法 收集2020年1月～2021年5月在晋城大医院心血管内科接受治疗的AMI合并HF患者102例,随机分为对照组45例(rhBNP治疗)和观察组57例(rhBNP联合芪苈强心胶囊治疗)。比较2组治疗前后血清生化指标,包括N末端B型钠尿肽前体(NT-proBNP)、肌酸激酶同工酶(CK-MB)和肌钙蛋白I(cTnI),血流动力学指标(外周血管阻力指数、心排血指数和每搏量指数)和心功能指标,包括心率、左心室舒张末期内径(LVEDD)、左心室收缩末期内径(LVESD)和LVEF,治疗后6 min步行距离和临床疗效。结果 观察组治疗后NT-proBNP、CK-MB和cTnI水平、外周血管阻力指数明显低于对照组,心排血指数和每搏量指数水平明显高于对照组(P<0.05,P<0.01);观察组治疗后心率[(72.3±5.1)次/min vs(86.9±5.2)次/min]、LVEDD[(44.8±7.5)mm vs(50.7±6.2)mm]和LVESD[(35.2±3.9)m...     

新活素治疗顽固性心力衰竭临床疗效观察

目的观察新活素对顽固性心力衰竭的临床治疗疗效。方法入选2009年4月~2013年6月在陕西省宝鸡市第六人民医院入院治疗的顽固性心力衰竭患者72例,根据患者入组顺序分为观察组(n=36)和对照组(n=36),观察比较两组患者用药前及用药后72 h血压、血清氨基末端脑钠肽前体(NT-pro BNP)水平、左室射血分数(LVEF)、心率、左室舒张末期内径(LVEDd)变化以及药物的不良反应。结果观察组用药72 h后改善顽固性心力衰竭的有效率明显高于对照组(86.1%vs.52.8%,P0.05)。与治疗前相比,治疗后两组心率均明显下降,观察组[(84.7±4.3)次/min vs.(80.8±2.7)次/min,P0.05];对照组[(85.5±3.0)次/min vs.(80.6±1.8)次/min]。治疗后观察组[(2843.4±611.3)ng/L vs.(1675.5±446.8)ng/L,P0.05]与对照组[(2782.0±688.3)ng/L vs.(1955.1±404.4)ng/L]NT-pro BNP水平均明显下降(P0.05),观察组下降大于对照组(P0.05)。治疗后观察组[(37.6±7.9)%vs.(49.8±7.9)%]与对照组[(36.9±10.2)%vs.(45.0±9.0)%]LVEF均明显增加(P0.05),且观察组LEVF升高大于对照组(P0.05)。两组在低血压发生率上无统计学差异(P0.05)。结论新活素治疗顽固性心力衰竭具有较好的疗效,能明显改善患者的血流动力学参数,且无明显不良反应。     

NT-proBNP目标导向治疗慢性心力衰竭患者近期预后及对心功能的影响

目的探讨血浆N末端脑钠肽前体(NT-proBNP)为目标导向治疗慢性心力衰竭(CHF)患者近期预后和对患者心功能的影响。方法选取2017年2月至2019年2月于西安交通大学医学院第一附属医院收治的CHF患者96例,随机分为对照组和观察组各48例,对照组根据患者症状和体征用药,观察组则根据动态监测NT-pro BNP水平指导用药。对比两组患者的临床疗效、治疗前和治疗3个月后的心功能[左室射血功能(LVEF)、左室收缩末期内径(LVESD)、心排血量(CO)、心脏每搏输出量(SV)、6 min步行距离(6MWD)、心脏指数(CI)]、血浆NT-proBNP水平,记录患者出院后3个月内再入院率和病死率。结果观察组患者治疗总有效率较对照组显著提高(87.50%vs. 75.00%,P0.05)。治疗3个月后,观察组患者的LVEF、CO、SV、6MWS和CI水平均较对照组显著提高(P0.05),LVESD水平较对照组显著降低(P0.05)。治疗3个月后,两组患者血浆NT-pro BNP水平均较治疗前降低,且观察组显著低于对照组(P0.05)。观察组患者出院后3个月内再入院率和病死率均显著低于对照组[(8.33%vs. 18.75%)、(0 vs. 6.25%),P0.05]。结论对CHF患者的血浆NT-proBNP水平进行动态监测,并根据监测结果指导用药,可显著提高近期疗效,改善患者心功能,降低血浆NT-pro BNP水平,减少再入院率和病死率。     

老年慢性心力衰竭患者血清半乳糖凝集素3、B型脑钠肽水平变化及意义

目的:探讨老年慢性心力衰竭患者(CHF)血清半乳糖凝集素3(Gal-3)、B型脑钠肽(BNP)的水平变化及其对CHF的辅助诊断价值。方法:90例老年CHF患者为CHF组,按照性别、年龄配伍原则,选择同期心功能正常的90例老年人作为对照组,回顾性分析2组血清Gal-3、BNP水平变化,并对CHF组血清Gal-3与BNP水平进行相关性分析及心功能分层分析。结果:CHF组治疗前BNP Gal-3显著高于对照组[(878.5±87.3 vs 72.8±15.2)pg/m L、(30.3±5.9 vs 6.2±1.5)ng/m L,均P0.01],治疗14 d后观察组血清BNP、Gal-3水平显著下降,但仍明显高于对照组[(204.3±42.9 vs 72.8±15.2)pg/m L、(9.3±2.1 vs 6.2±1.5)ng/m,均P0.01]。治疗前不同心功能分级组患者血清BNP、Gal-3水平差异有统计学意义(均P0.05),伴随NYHA心功能分级提高,BNP、Gal-3水平逐渐提高,BNP与Gal-3水平呈显著正相关(均P0.01),二者对CHF诊断效能分别为0.832(95%CI 0.761~0.903)、0.835(95%CI 0.767~0.903)。结论:老年CHF患者血清BNP与Gal-3水平均显著升高,二者与心功能分级呈同向变化,对CHF均具有较高的辅助诊断价值。     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.