MUC1黏蛋白模拟表位的筛选和鉴定

目的从噬菌体表面展示的随机12肽库中筛选出MUC1抗原的模拟表位。方法通过生物淘洗,获得阳性噬菌体克隆,通过基因测序,推导氨基酸序列,同MUC1核心序列比较,选出2个模拟表位,进行抗原表位预测和竞争抑制实验。结果筛选到的两个模拟表位与MUC1单克隆抗体的亲和力均较强,能特异性抑制MUC1的抗原抗体结合,且包含有与某些MHCⅠ类分子较好结合的位点。结论从噬菌体12肽库中筛选出两个MUC1的模拟表位可以作为靶向MUC1肿瘤疫苗的候选肽。     

H1N1流感病毒血凝素B细胞抗原表位的鉴定

目的利用计算机模拟和ELISA阻断实验研究流感病毒血凝素(HA)B细胞抗原表位,建立病原微生物表位检测新方法。方法以2009年H1N1流感病毒裂解疫苗作为免疫原,采用常规杂交瘤融合、筛选技术制备单克隆抗体(mAb),应用ELISA、血凝抑制试验(HI)及Western blot法鉴定获得mAb的特性。以获得的mAb为工具,联合应用ELISA阻断实验和计算机模拟方法预测H1N1流感病毒的B细胞抗原表位。结果获得4株抗H1N1流感病毒HA抗原的mAb,通过ELISA阻断实验将HA的B细胞抗原表位分为两类,通过计算机模拟预测发现4株抗体能与HA上的两类表位相结合。结论计算机模拟和ELISA阻断实验的结果一致,建立了用于预测其他病原微生物表位的新方法。     

肺癌T7噬菌体文库中MUC1蛋白抗原模拟表位的筛选

目的利用噬菌体表面展示技术,从肺癌T7噬菌体展示文库中筛选MUC1蛋白抗原的模拟表位。方法以MUC1单克隆抗体为靶分子,对肺癌T7噬菌体文库进行淘洗筛选,得到的阳性克隆进行测序并推导其氨基酸序列,对得到的阳性噬菌体克隆进行鉴定。结果经3轮淘选,得到20个阳性克隆。测序获得AAPDFRP、SAPDDRP 2种氨基酸序列,对MUC1单抗的抑制率均在50%以上,与肺癌血清结合特异性较高,此2种蛋白序列可模拟MUC1蛋白抗原表位。结论通过噬菌体展示技术成功筛选到MUC1蛋白的模拟表位序列XAPDXRP(X为任意氨基酸),对肺癌的早期诊断有一定的参考价值。     

H1N1亚型流感病毒血凝素Th和B细胞表位预测及抗原性分析

目的:应用生物信息学方法预测H1N1亚型流感病毒血凝素Th和B细胞相关抗原表位,并初步分析其抗原性,为研制H1N1亚型流感病毒的表位疫苗奠定基础.方法:依据近年流感病毒流行趋势,从GenBank下载具有代表性的H1N1亚型流感病毒HA蛋白氨基酸序列.进行生物信息学综合分析预测,获得Th和B细胞相关抗原表位,并比较其保守性和特异性.通过Balb/c小鼠H1N1亚型流感病毒阳性血清与表位肽的结合试验,初步鉴定候选表位抗原性.结果:综合多项预测及空间构像模拟结果,我们获得了三条候选Th和B细胞表位,分别为HA_(73～87)、HA_(125～139)、HA_(188～205).候选表位处于H1N1亚型流感HAI蛋白序列上相对保守的区域内,且与目前流行的H1N1亚型流感病毒HA相应区域具有较好的一致性.而不同候选表位在BMB/e小鼠H1N1亚型流感病毒阳性血清反应中显示了不同抗体结合能力,预示了其成为功能表位的可能.结论:所筛选的表位具有成为H1N1亚型流感病毒HA Th和B细胞相关抗原表位的可能.此研究为深入揭示流感病毒感染与免疫机制,H1N1亚型流感功能表位认知及表位疫苗研究奠定了基础.     

应用噬菌体表面展示技术筛选流感病毒H3N2抗原模拟表位

目的 筛选特异性流感病毒H3N2抗原模拟表位,为开展新的流感病毒疫苗研究探索新的途径.方法 应用噬菌体表面展示技术,以抗-H3N2的单克隆抗体作为固相筛选分子,对人工合成的噬菌体随机肽库进行5轮"吸附-洗脱-扩增"的筛选过程,在第5轮筛选后,随机挑取48个克隆,经噬菌体酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)鉴定并进行交叉反应实验以及竞争抑制性实验,最后对所选克隆进行DNA序列分析,以确定H3N2抗原的模拟表位.结果 经噬菌体富集后,从随机筛选的48个克隆中得到21个阳性克隆,经ELISA鉴定及交叉反应实验、竞争抑制性实验后,确定氨基酸序列XTXPYXX为H3N2的模拟表位.结论 用噬菌体7肽库筛选得到H3N2的模拟表位,为开展用流感病毒模拟表位探索新的防治方法研究奠定了基础.     

人源抗HIV-1 gp120趋化蛋白受体结合位点Fab单克隆抗体基因的获得

目的：筛选人源抗HIV－1 gp120趋化蛋白受体结合位点噬菌体Fab单克隆抗体基因。方法：根据HIV－1 gp120趋化蛋白受体结合位点的氨基酸序列合成23肽，并以此为固相抗原从HIV－1噬菌体Fab抗体库筛选阳性克隆，并进行鉴定及序列测定。结果：获得了1株抗HIV－1 gp120趋化蛋白受体结合位点的人源Fab抗体克隆，具有较高的亲和力、特异性和抑制率，序列测定及分析显示该抗体属IgG I亚类，κ型，重、轻链可变区分别属VhⅢ和VκⅢ基因家族。结论：成功地获得了人源抗HIV－1 gp120趋化蛋白受体结合位点噬菌体Fab单克隆抗体基因。     

唐山市甲型H1N1流感病毒血凝素基因序列分析

目的 分析2010—2016年唐山市甲型H1N1流感病毒血凝素(hemagglutinin,HA)基因序列进化特征.方法 选取唐山市3家哨点医院流感样病例分离到的24株甲型H1N1病毒,通过RT-PCR和测序方法获得HA基因的全长序列,运用分子生物学软件和统计学软件对序列进行拼接、比对和分析.结果 同源进化分析显示,24株甲型H1N1流感病毒HA基因与疫苗株A/California/7/2009的核苷酸和氨基酸的同源性分别为97.0%~99.0%和97.0%~98.5%.进化分析显示,2010—2016年唐山地区流行的甲型H1N1流感病毒属于1、7、6三个基因分支,其中6分支毒株分为6C、6B、6B.1和6B.2亚支.氨基酸位点分析显示,不同毒株与疫苗株比较存在8~16处氨基酸位点改变,其中7个变异涉及3个抗原表位:H138Q/Y和S203T突变位于Ca区,N125S、K153E、S162N、K163T/Q突变位于Sa区,S185T突变位于Sb区同时也位于受体结合部位;2015—2016流行季6B.1分支毒株抗原位点S162N突变增加了新的潜在糖基化位点.结论 与疫苗株比较,随着时间推移唐山地区甲型H1N1流感病毒发生了抗原漂变,未来仍应关注6B分支流行株的变化.     

特异结合人禽流感病毒H5N1的scFv分子性能鉴定

目的 从人源化噬菌体抗体库(human single fold scFv libraries I+J)中筛选到能高亲和性、特异结合人禽流感病毒H5N1的单链抗体,为建立H5N1快速筛查试剂和人源化治疗单抗奠定基础.方法 以H5N1病毒的血凝素(hemagglutitin,HA)蛋白和核蛋白(nucleoprotein,NP)为目的 蛋白,对上述单抗噬菌体文库以亲和性为原理进行筛选,经过3轮筛选富集后,随机挑选了96个噬菌体克隆扩增培养,ELISA法挑选能特异性、高亲和性结合目的 蛋白的噬菌体克隆,并换用HB2151宿主菌对阳性单链抗体克隆进行可溶性表达,ELISA法鉴定可溶性单链抗体的结合活性,PCR扩增阳性克隆的轻、重链基因片段,并对阳性单链抗体分子测序和序列分析.结果 经过3轮筛选,分别从96个噬菌体克隆中挑选到了两株能特异结合NP蛋白、3株能特异结合HA蛋白的单链抗体,PCR扩增都得到了长为300、302和935 bp的轻链、重链和轻链-连接片段-重链的基因片段,测序结果分析发现上述5条单链抗体片段在轻链的47、49、50、51、53、54、56、96、97、98和99位的氨基酸组成不同,而特异结合NP蛋白的单链在重链区域氨基酸组成完全相同,而特异结合HA蛋白的单链在重链的44、47、85、86、87、88和89位氨基酸组成不同.结论 从噬菌体抗体库中筛选到的特异结合HA和NP蛋白的单链抗体片段,可为进一步研发H5N1快速筛选试剂和人源性治疗抗体奠定基础,也可为鉴定HA和NP蛋白中的抗原决定簇提供结构信息.     

H1亚型流感病毒HA蛋白单克隆抗体的制备及部分特性鉴定

目的:制备针对H1亚型流感病毒HA蛋白的单克隆抗体(mAb),并分析其反应特性。方法:分别以2009年甲型H1N1、季节性A1流感病毒裂解疫苗为免疫原,常规法免疫、融合、克隆化,获得各抗原特异性mAb。应用ELISA、HI试验和Western blot等技术研究mAb的反应性和特异性。结果:获得稳定分泌抗H1亚型流感病毒HA蛋白的杂交瘤细胞97株。其中株特异性mAb39株,29株具有HI活性;亚型特异性mAb7株,5株具有HI活性;2009年流行株与季节性A1、A3流行株共同抗原的mAb16株,9株具有HI活性;针对流感病毒共同抗原mAb35株,22株具有HI活性。结论:两种疫苗均具有较好的免疫原性和免疫保护活性,这些mAb的获得为流感病毒株特异、亚型特异性诊断试剂盒及流感病毒通用诊断试剂盒的制备提供了实验资料,为进一步研究H1N1流感病毒HA的抗原表位奠定了基础。     

噬菌体展示文库及其应用

近十几年来 ,噬菌体展示技术得到了迅速的发展。通过展示随机肽库可用来筛选与特殊靶分子相结合的配基 ;模拟非蛋白的配基 ;也可用作确定抗体表位的工具。展示蛋白 ;或其功能结构域的文库为我们提供了分析结构与功能关系的体系 ,并能产生具有改变结合位点或新的催化活性的蛋白。展示短的抗原决定簇的融合噬菌体为开发新的疫苗提供了基础 ,而表达抗体片段的文库则提供了一种产生单克隆抗体的方法。     

噬菌体随机肽库分析HIV-1 p24抗原表位

目的：利用噬菌体随机肽库分析抗HIV－1核心区抗原p24单抗体在抗原上的识别位点。方法：用抗HIV－1 p24单抗2C7和3H10作为筛选分子，对噬菌体肽库进行生物洗（biopanning)，并通过DN测序、ELISA效价测定等对所获得的噬菌休克隆进行鉴定，最后对合成的7肽位点通过间接ELISA及免疫抑制试验进行血清学分析。结果：序列分析结果表明，单抗2C7和3H10在HIV－1 p24上的抗原识别表位的保守序列分别为DHPXPXX和XXXXKAF。分别合成这2个7肽氨基酸序列P－C1（DHPSPWG）和P－H3（SPWLKAFGGS），并分析其免疫学结合特性，结果表明与P－H3相比，单抗2C7的抗原识别表位P－C1的固相结合特性较好，固相P－C1检测血样，13份抗HIV阳性本中，12份为阳性（检出率为92．3％），19份抗HIV阴性样本中，仅1份为假阳性结果（特异性为94．7％），与P－C1相比，单抗3H10的抗原表位P－H3的固相结合能力极差，但液相结合活性较好，血样与P－H3的抑制试验表明，13份抗HIV阳性样本中12份样本对P－H3的抑制率大于60％（12／13），而9份抗HIV阴性样本中仅1份对P－H3的抑制率大于50％，结论：用抗HIV－1 p24单抗筛选噬菌体随机肽库，获得单抗在p24抗原上的识别表位的氨基酸序列，血清学结果表明这2个抗原表位存在于p24自然抗原上，在抗HIV－1的感染检测中具有潜在的应用价值。     

Identification of epitopes in the nucleocapsid protein of Nipah virus using a linear phage-displayed random peptide library

A random peptide library of heptamers displayed on the surface of M13 bacteriophage was used to identify specific epitopes of antibodies in pooled sera of swine naturally infected by Nipah virus. The selected heptapeptides were aligned with protein sequences of Nipah virus and several putative epitopes were identified within the nucleocapsid protein. A total of 41 of 60 (68%) selected phage clones had inserts resembling a region with the sequence SNRTQGE, located at the C-terminal end (amino acids 503-509) of the nucleocapsid protein. The binding of antibodies in the swine and human antisera to the phage clone was inhibited by a synthetic peptide corresponding to this region. Epitopes identified by phage display are consistent with the predicted antigenic sites for the Nipah virus nucleocapsid protein. The selected phage clone used as a coating antigen discriminated swine and human Nipah virus sera-positive from sera-negative samples exhibiting characteristics, which might be attractive for diagnostic tests.     

抗H5N1禽流感病毒VHH抗体库的构建

目的:构建抗H5N1禽流感病毒的小羊驼免疫噬菌体重链可变区抗体库(VHH型抗体库),为抗H5N1的VHH抗体筛选奠定基础。方法:利用H5N1灭活疫苗免疫小羊驼,一定免疫时间后测定小羊驼外周血清中抗体中和活性,分离其外周淋巴细胞,利用RT-PCR方法得到VHH抗体片段。通过优化连接和电转化方法,将足量VHH片段与pCANTAB5E连接后电转入大肠杆菌TG1,获得VHH抗体基因库;检测基因库库容以及多样性,并采用血凝抑制试验对噬菌体抗体库进行初步功能性鉴定。结果:利用H5N1灭活疫苗免疫小羊驼四次后,其外周血清中抗体血清抑制效价可达1∶2 560,构建的VHH抗体基因库库容可达3×108,随机挑选14个抗体基因克隆进行测序鉴定,结果显示均为独立克隆,表明所建抗体库多样性好。上述基因库经辅助噬菌体拯救后,得到抗H5N1的噬菌体VHH型抗体初级库,对初级库进行血凝抑制试验,结果呈阳性,表明初级库中存在具有潜在中和活性的抗H5N1抗体。结论:结果表明,已成功构建抗H5N1禽流感病毒的小羊驼免疫噬菌体重链抗体库,为进一步筛选抗H5N1禽流感的重链抗体打下良好基础,并为H5N1的早期临床诊断和治疗提供新的手段。     

The antigenic structure of the influenza B virus hemagglutinin: operational and topological mapping with monoclonal antibodies

We have probed the antigenic structure of the influenza B virus hemagglutinin (HA) with monoclonal antibodies specific for the HA of influenza B virus, B/Oregon/5/80. Seventeen laboratory-selected antigenic variants of this virus were analyzed by hemagglutination-inhibition (HI) assays or ELISA and an operational antigenic map was constructed. In addition, the monoclonal antibodies were tested in a competitive binding assay to construct a topological map of the antigenic sites. In contrast to the influenza A virus HA, only a single immunodominant antigenic site composed of several overlapping clusters of epitopes was defined by the HI-positive antibodies. Three variants could be distinguished from the parental virus with polyclonal antisera by HI and infectivity reduction assays suggesting that changes in this antigenic site may be sufficient to provide an epidemiological advantage to influenza B viruses in nature. In addition, two nonoverlapping epitopes of unknown biological significance were identified in the competitive binding analysis by two monoclonal antibodies with no HI activity and little or no neutralizing activity. We previously identified single amino acid substitutions in the HAs of the antigenic variants used in this study (M. T. Berton, C. W. Naeve, and R. G. Webster (1984), J. Virol. 52, 919-927). These changes occurred in regions of the molecule which, by amino acid sequence alignment, appeared to correspond to proposed antigenic sites A and B on the H3 HA of influenza A virus. Correlation with the antigenic map established in this report, however, demonstrates that the amino acid residues actually contribute to a single antigenic site on the influenza B virus HA and suggests significant differences in the antigenic structures of the influenza A and B virus HAs.     

Inhibition of fusion activity of influenza A haemagglutinin mediated by HA2-specific monoclonal antibodies

Summary.  The effect of seven monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) specific to the light chain (HA2) of influenza A haemagglutinin (HA) on its fusion activity was investigated. These MAbs, which are non-virus neutralizing, defined four distinct antigenic sites on HA2 glycopolypeptide and the corresponding epitopes were attributed to the sequence stretches on HA2. The accessibility of all seven HA2 epitopes significantly increased after trypsin cleavage and pH 5 treatment of the HA (X-31). The influence of anti-HA2 MAbs on the fusion process was followed by cell–cell fusion of CHO cells expressing precursor HA, virus-liposome fusion assay, and haemolysis mediated by virus. MAb CF2, which bound directly to the fusion peptide 1–35 of HA2, was positive in all three fusion-inhibition assays and was the only one inhibiting the polykaryon formation of CHO-X-31 cells. Two other MAbs belonging to the same antigenic site but not binding directly to the fusion peptide inhibited virus to liposome fusion (EB12) or inhibited haemolysis (BB8). Moreover, MAb IIF4 binding to distinct antigenic site within 125–175 HA2 inhibited haemolysis, too. Thus, fusion activity of HA may be inhibited by anti-HA2 MAbs, mainly those binding to or near the fusion peptide. These antibodies represent useful probes for studies of influenza virus to cell membrane fusion. Received June 24, 2002; accepted October 2, 2002     

用噬菌体肽库筛选IBDV单克隆抗体的模拟表位

目的:筛选法氏囊病毒(IBDV)单克隆抗体所针对的模拟抗原表位。方法:以纯化的3株IBDV单克隆抗体为靶分子用噬菌体12肽库筛选相应抗原模拟表位;应用间接和竞争ELISA鉴定所筛选的阳性样品;最后对与抗体高亲和结合的噬菌体进行测序分析。结果:经过四轮淘洗,随机挑取30个克隆经间接ELISA鉴定,发现其中22个克隆结合活性较高。进一步应用竞争ELISA,获得14个噬菌体克隆,其抑制率高达50%以上。对这些噬菌体进行DNA测序,并分析比对了IBDV相应序列,确定了3个抗原模拟表位。结论:通过噬菌体随机肽库成功筛选出3个IBDV模拟表位,为进一步研究IBDV抗原性质奠定了基础。     

骆驼重组SpaA-N单域抗体的制备与性质研究

目的:获得特异识别SpaA-N的单域抗体。方法:用His-SpaA-N重组抗原从新疆双峰驼单域抗体噬菌体展示文库中,筛选SpaA-N的结合子。经测序后亚克隆至pET30a并在E.coli BL21高表达,用镍离子亲和层析柱纯化。ELISA分析重组单域抗体的热稳定性,Western blot检测结合特异性。结果:经His-SpaA-N筛选富集后,筛选得到2个目的克隆。构建至pET30a,PCR和酶切鉴定目的基因大小与预计相符。SDS-PAGE显示,Mr 29 000和23 000有特异性目的条带。ELISA检测显示,抗SpaA-N的VHH对SpaA-N重组蛋白具有很好的结合活性;VHH热变性后,经室温复性均可以恢复其抗原结合活性。Western blot显示,重组VHH在Mr 66 000处可以识别丹毒丝菌中存在的表面蛋白。结论:获得了具有热稳定性和特异结合SpaA-N的单域抗体,为进一步研究spaA抗原在丹毒丝菌感染免疫中的作用提供了基础。     

人源性噬菌体抗体库的构建及抗amylin抗体的初步筛选

目的:构建人源性噬菌体抗体库,从中筛选胰淀素(amylin)单克隆抗体(mAb),测定其特异性及抗原结合活性。方法:从正常健康人的外周血淋巴细胞中提取总RNA,用RT-PCR方法扩增人免疫球蛋白Fd段和轻链基因,构建噬菌体抗体库。酶切和PCR鉴定后,阳性克隆进行DNA测序分析。用人amylin抗原对抗体库进行筛选富集,将得到的阳性克隆进行Phage-ELISA鉴定,结果进行统计学分析。结果:最终构建的抗体库库容约为0.8×108,酶切鉴定显示有插入片段,抗体库重组率为70%。阳性克隆进行DNA测序证实所获基因为人免疫球蛋白可变区基因。以amylin抗原进行3轮筛选,抗体库得到特异性富集。阳性克隆进行Phage-ELISA检测证实有良好的抗胰淀素抗原的特异性。结论:成功构建了一个人源性噬菌体抗体库,为从中获得人源抗amylin的mAb奠定了实验基础。     

Reverse engineering the antigenic architecture of the haemagglutinin from influenza H5N1 clade 1 and 2.2 viruses with fine epitope mapping using monoclonal antibodies

The induction of neutralising antibodies to the viral surface glycoprotein, haemagglutinin (HA) is considered the cornerstone of current seasonal and pandemic influenza vaccines. Mapping of neutralising epitopes using monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) helps define mechanisms of antigenic drift, neutralising escape and facilitates pre-pandemic vaccine design. In the present study we reverse engineered the antigenic structure of the HAs of two highly pathogenic H5N1 vaccine strains representative of currently circulating clade 1 and 2.2 H5N1 viruses. The HA sequence of the A/Vietnam/1194/04 clade 1 virus was progressively mutated into the HA sequence of the clade 2.2 virus, A/Bar-headed Goose/Qinghai/1A/05. Fine mapping of clade-specific neutralising epitopes was performed by examining the cross-reactivity of mAbs raised against the native HA of each parent virus. The reactivity across all clade specific mAbs centred around a constellation of mutations at positions 140, 145, 171 and 172, all of which are proximal to the receptor binding site on the membrane distal globular head of the HA. Overlapping cross-reactivity of these antigenic sites suggests that these amino acid positions relate to the antigenic evolution of the H5 clade 1 and 2.2 viruses. This finding may prove useful for the design of vaccines with broader neutralising cross-reactivity against the different H5 HA sublineages currently in circulation. These findings provide important information about the amino acid changes involved in the cross-clade evolution of H5N1 viruses and their potential for human to human transmission; and facilitates a greater understanding of the pandemic potential of H5N1 isolates.     

Anti-β2-glycoprotein I paratopes and β2-glycoprotein I epitopes characterization using random peptide libraries

Abstract

Studies concerning interactions between anti-β2-glycoprotein I antibodies (anti-β2GPI) and β2-glycoprotein I (β2GPI) suggest relevance of charge interactions and hydrogen bonds. However, paratope of diagnostically and clinically relevant anti-β2GPI and epitope characteristics of β2GPI, still remain unclear. The aim of our study was to determine paratope characteristics of various anti-β2GPI antibodies and epitope characteristics of β2GPI using phage display. Monoclonal IgG anti-β2GPI, purified polyclonal high avidity and low avidity IgG anti-β2GPI derived from plasma of APS patients were used to screen phage display libraries. The affinity and competition ability of selected clones were evaluated. Various heptapeptides presenting putative paratopes of anti-β2GPI and specific heptapeptides presenting putative epitopes of β2GPI were determined. Epitope presenting peptides bind to the respective anti-β2GPI and consequently interrupt antibody–antigen interaction. The amino acid composition of selected peptides confirmed the importance of hydrogen bonds and charge interactions in the binding of anti-β2GPI to the antigen. Epitopes recognized by high avidity anti-β2GPI predominately contain hydrogen bond forming side chains, while in low avidity anti-β2GPI epitope the charged side chains prevail. The alignment of selected sequences to three-dimensional antigen structure revealed that polyclonal high avidity anti-β2GPI recognize native epitopes that are accessible regardless of β2GPI's conformation whereas the epitope recognized by low avidity anti-β2GPI is cryptic and cannot be accessed when β2GPI takes the closed plasma conformation.