直接经皮冠状动脉介入治疗急性ST段抬高型前壁心肌梗死左室功能的分析

目的:观察急性ST段抬高型前壁心肌梗死(STEMI)直接经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)前向心肌梗死溶栓试验血流3级(TIMI 3级)患者左室功能的状况.方法:分析112例STEMI直接PCI患者的临床和影像资料,112例中心功能不全的患者52例(心功能不全组),心功能正常的患者60例(心功能正常组),资料数据采用logistic回归分析.结果:与心功能正常组相比,心功能不全组PCI后第1天和第2周,室壁运动减弱,左室射血分数(LVEF)和心排血指数(CI)降低,左室舒张末期直径(LVED)、左室舒张末期容积(LVEDV)和左室收缩末期容积 (LVESV)增加(P<0.01);与PCI术后第1天相比,术后第2周LVEF和CI增加,室壁运动改善(P<0.01).与心功能KillipⅡ级的患者相比,心功能Killip Ⅲ～Ⅳ级的患者LVEF和CI降低,室壁运动减弱,LVED,LVEDV和LVESV增加(P<0.05).相关分析显示,梗死前心绞痛、心肌灌注显影血流分级和室壁运动积分是前壁STEMI直接PCI前向血流TIMI 3级心功能不全的相关因素(P=0.04).结论:前壁STEMI直接PCI前向血流TIMI 3级,微循环功能障碍的患者收缩和舒张功能降低,左室扩张,其LVEF的提高可能是通过左室扩张来代偿的.     

急性ST段抬高心肌梗死直接经皮冠状动脉介入术冠状动脉无复流现象对预后的影响

目的研究急诊经皮冠状动脉介入(PCI)治疗冠状动脉(冠脉)中无复流现象的临床意义.方法自2000年1月至2004年1月,回顾性分析我院336例急性ST段抬高心肌梗死(STEMI)直接PCI患者的临床和影像资料.急诊PCI支架置入即刻,在无影响血流的血栓、栓塞、夹层、痉挛情况下,冠脉造影前向血流≤TIMI2级为无复流,TIMI 3级为正常血流.冠脉无复流患者42例,利用Excel随机函数表,由其余294例急诊PCI冠脉前向血流恢复正常的患者中随机抽取45例,为正常血流组.随访6个月,观察有无心脏性猝死和非致命性心脏事件.结果无复流组发生充血性心衰、恶性心律失常、再发心绞痛、心脏性猝死高于冠脉血流正常组,无复流组6个月后左室射血分数显著低于冠脉血流正常组.结论无复流患者的心肌损害严重,梗死或濒临坏死的心肌范围广泛,强烈提示AMI预后不良.     

急诊经皮冠状动脉介入治疗冠状动脉造影无复流的相关因素

目的　探讨急诊经皮冠状动脉介入治疗 (percutaneouscoronaryinterventions,PCI)冠状动脉(冠脉 )造影无复流现象的相关因素。方法　自 1999年 1月至 2 0 0 2年 10月 ,回顾性分析 4 97例急诊PCI病人的临床和冠脉造影资料 ,冠脉造影无复流病人 5 8例 ,由其余的 4 39例急诊PCI冠脉前向血流TIMI 3级的病人中随机抽取 6 0例 ,为正常血流组。运用Logistic回归分析无复流的相关因素。结果　无复流的发生率为 12 6 %。单因素分析表明 :糖尿病、症状开始到再灌注的时间、梗死前心绞痛、Kil lip心功能分级、Q波计数、室壁运动积分差异有显著性。而多因素Logistic回归分析表明 :症状开始到再灌注的时间、梗死前心绞痛、Killip心功能分级、Q波计数是无复流的相关因素。结论　大面积心肌坏死、严重的心肌损害、心功能不全和症状开始到再灌注的时间长 ,可能会促使无复流的形成 ;梗死前心绞痛可能减少无复流的发生。而冠心病的危险因素与无复流没有相关性。     

急诊PCI后冠脉造影无复流患者左室功能变化的临床意义

急诊冠脉介入治疗(PCI)是急性心肌梗死(AMI)患者的再灌注治疗方法,85%的患者可恢复正常冠脉前向血流,少数心肌濒临坏死或严重缺血者则未完全恢复血流,即无复流.无复流预示心肌再灌注不良和心功能不全,这些患者的心血管事件发生率及病死率增加[1].2001年1月至2003年3月,我们对急诊PCI后冠脉造影无复流和正常血流患者进行了心功能指标检测,以探讨急诊PCI后冠脉造影无复流患者左室功能变化的临床意义.     

盐酸替罗非班在急性心肌梗死患者急诊冠状动脉介入治疗围术期的应用

目的观察血小板糖蛋白(glycoprotein,GP)Ⅱb/Ⅲa受体拮抗剂盐酸替罗非班在急性心肌梗死(AMI)患者急诊冠状动脉(冠脉)介入治疗(PCI)围术期的疗效及安全性。方法AMI患者经急诊冠脉造影示TIMI 0~1级,预计行PCI者90例按就诊顺序分为替罗非班组(n=45)和对照组(n=45)。替罗非班组PCI术前开始应用盐酸替罗非班,持续泵入至术后36~48 h。对照组同常规PCI。观察两组冠脉复流3、0 d再梗死及死亡情况,并监测术前、术后血小板活化度。结果替罗非班组急诊PCI术后无慢复流、无复流现象发生,TIMI 3级血流发生率100%;对照组急诊PCI术后TIMI 0~2级,即无复流及慢复流发生率11.10%(5/45),TIMI 3级血流发生率88.90%(40/45),两组比较差异有统计学意义。观察30 d盐酸替罗非班组无再梗死及死亡;对照组再梗死及死亡发生率6.66%(3/45),两组比较差异有统计学意义。盐酸替罗非班可明显降低血小板活化度,不增加出血并发症。结论在AMI急诊PCI围术期应用盐酸替罗非班既可开通冠脉,又可改善冠脉血流,减少术后再梗死,达到真正意义上挽救心肌的目的。     

女性急性心肌梗死患者急诊冠状动脉介入术后无复流发生的危险因素分析

目的探讨女性急性心肌梗死患者在接受急诊PCI术后出现冠状动脉无复流的相关危险因素。方法选择在复旦大学附属中山医院因急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死(STEMI)接受急诊PCI的女性患者178例,其中无复流组40例(TIMI 0~2级),正常血流组138例(TIMI 3级)。比较2组患者临床特点、心脏超声、冠状动脉造影结果。结果无复流组术后LVEF明显低于正常血流组[(50.4±9.4)%vs(55.0±9.7)%,P=0.016],院内病死率明显高于正常血流组(12.5%vs 3.6%,P=0.032)。无复流组糖尿病、血管近段病变、多支病变和病变血管数明显高于正常血流组,术后收缩压水平明显低于正常血流组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。多因素logistic回归分析显示,血管近段病变(OR=2.177,95%CI:1.025~4.622,P=0.043)和病变血管数(OR=1.750,95%CI:1.085~2.821,P=0.022)是急诊PCI术后无复流发生的独立相关因素。结论急性心肌梗死急诊PCI术后发生无复流患者的预后较差。血管近段病变、病变血管数可能是女性患者发生无复流的独立预测因素。     

替罗非班在老年人急诊经皮冠状动脉介入治疗中预防无复流的临床观察

目的观察老年人急诊PCI术中冠状动脉内注射替罗非班对术后无复流的影响。方法选择急性心肌梗死行急诊PCI患者163例,随机分为替罗非班组(83例)和对照组(80例)。替罗非班组在导丝通过病变后经导管冠状动脉内注射替罗非班10μg/kg,之后予替罗非班0.15μg/(kg·min)持续静脉滴注24 h。对照组给予常规治疗。观察2组患者TIMI、心肌灌注分级(TMPG),入院后30 d LVEF和左心室舒张末内径,心血管事件及出血并发症。结果替罗非班组TIMI血流3级和TMPG 2～3级比例较对照组明显升高,TIMI血流0～2级和TMPG 0～1级比例较对照组明显降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。替罗非班组LVEF较对照组明显改善,主要心血管事件较对照组明显降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论急诊PCI术中冠状动脉内注射替罗非班减少无复流,改善心肌灌注和心功能,且不增加心血管事件和并发症。     

主动脉内球囊反搏术联合血栓抽吸治疗大面积ST段抬高型急性心肌梗死患者的疗效

目的评价主动脉内气囊反搏术(IABP)联合血栓抽吸对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入(PCI)治疗的急性大面积ST段抬高型心肌梗死(STEMI)患者临床预后的影响。方法发病12 h内的急性大面积STEMI患者120例随机分为试验组和对照组各60例,均给予规范的药物治疗并急诊冠脉造影,试验组应用IABP联合冠脉内血栓抽吸,对照组单纯血栓抽吸后行PCI术。评价梗死相关血管PCI术后冠脉血流(TIMI)分级,心肌组织灌注(TMP)分级、无复流或慢血流发生率、IABP并发症及术后4 w心功能、主要不良心脏事件的发生情况。结果试验组PCI术后TIMI 3级血流发生率、TMP明显高于对照组;慢血流、无复流发生率明显低于对照组;术后4 w左心室射血分数(LVEF)明显高于对照组,左心室舒张末期内径、主要不良心脏事件的发生率小于对照组(均<0.05)。结论急性大面积STEMI患者急诊PCI前应用IABP联合血栓抽吸能改善梗死相关血管的急性心肌梗死溶栓(TIMI)血流,增加冠脉灌注,改善心功能,减少主要不良心脏事件的发生率,临床应用安全有效。     

老年急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后无复流的危险因素分析

【】目的：探讨老年急性心肌梗死患者急诊经皮冠状动脉介入(PCI)术后出现无复流的相关危险因素。方法：302例行急诊PCI术的老年急性心肌梗死患者根据PCI术后TIMI血流分级分为无复流组和正常血流组,比较两组患者临床基线资料,造影结果及手术相关资料的差异,应用logistic逐步回归分析老年急诊PCI术后出现无复流的影响因素。结果：老年急诊PCI术后无复流发生率为24.8%(75/302),两组患者间的症状至PCI时间,既往糖尿病人数,术前心功能Killip分级,术前收缩压,术前TIMI血流≤1级人数,病变长度,球囊扩张次数,高血栓负荷人数比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。logistic多元逐步回归分析显示：症状至PCI时间>6h(OR=2.119,P=0.018),高血栓负荷(OR=1.941,P=0.022),术前TIMI血流≤1级(OR=1.718,P=0.009),球囊扩张次数(OR=1.071,P=0.015)是老年急诊PCI术后发生无复流的独立危险因素。结论：可根据老年急性心肌梗死患者临床、造影及手术时的情况来预测急诊PCI术后是否发生无复流现象。     

红细胞体积分布宽度与血小板比值与STEMI行直接PCI患者心肌灌注水平相关性的研究

目的:探讨红细胞体积分布宽度(RDW)、血小板计数比值(PRP)与急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死(STEMI)行直接经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)患者心肌灌注水平的相关性。方法:选取108例STEMI并接受急诊PCI治疗的患者,根据术后TIMI心肌灌注分级,分为无复流组和正常血流组;比较2组患者的一般临床资料、术前血常规、心肌损伤标志物、术后即刻和30 d左室射血分数(LVEF)。结果:无复流组的平均年龄明显高于正常血流组(均P0.05),无复流组的RDW、中性粒细胞百分比、RDW与血小板计数(PLT)比值、血浆B型钠尿肽(BNP)、高敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)以及D-dimer明显高于正常血流组(均P0.05);无复流组PCI术后基线和PCI术后30 d的LVEF均明显低于正常血流组(P0.05);多因素Logistic回归分析显示,RDW与PLT的比值(RPR)可作为提示STEMI患者行直接PCI术后无复流现象发生的独立预测指标(OR=8.306,95%CI=1.492~46.245,P=0.016)。结论:RPR可作为提示患者发生无复流的预测指标,应引起重视。     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.