关节镜下非打结型与打结型缝合锚钉Bankart重建治疗复发性肩关节前向不稳

目的探讨关节镜下非打结型与打结型缝合锚钉对复发性肩关节前向不稳Bankart损伤的临床效果。方法回顾性分析2006年3月至2009年1月广州军区广州总医院收治的44例复发性肩关节脱位Bankart损伤患者的临床资料,根据关节镜下修复方式的不同分为非打结组（可吸收非打结型缝合锚钉修复,20例）和打结组（打结型缝合锚钉修复,24例）。采用美国肩肘外科医师（ASES）评分及Constant-Murley功能评分对患者术前、末次随访时肩关节功能进行评估,记录肩关节活动范围,观察并发症发生情况。结果所有患者获得随访,随访时间20～46个月,平均随访时间30个月。非打结组术前和终末随访时肩关节前屈上举角度、外展90°时外旋角度分别为（163±9）°和（170±4）°、（58±14）°和（90±6）°,术后外展90°时患侧外旋角度较健侧受限（8±6）°;术前和终末随访时ASES评分、Constant-Murley评分分别为（77.4±3.7）分和（94.3±2.6）分、（78.1±4.6）分和（93.9±3.7）分,两者比较,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。打结组术前和终末随访时肩关节前屈上举角度、外展90°时外旋角度分别为（162±8）°和（170±6）°、（61±13）°和（91±6）°,术后外展90°时患侧外旋角度较健侧受限（5±3）°;术前和终末随访时ASES评分、Constant-Murley评分分别为（75.8±2.9）分和（95.1±3.7）分、（76.2±5.9）分和（92.8±5.2）分,两者比较,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。两组间术前、术后各项指标比较,差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。患者均未出现术后再脱位,均重返伤前工作岗位。结论肩关节镜下Bankart重建手术是治疗复发性肩关节前向不稳的有效方法,非打结型和打结型缝合锚钉修复Bankart损伤疗效相似。     

肩关节镜下Bankart损伤的治疗体会

目的探讨肩关节镜下金属缝合锚钉固定治疗Bankart损伤的术后疗效及治疗体会。方法 2010年3月至2014年3月共收治38例Bankart损伤的患者,均应用全关节镜下锚定缝合技术进行Bankart修复术。其中男31例,女7例,患者手术时平均年龄29.5岁(20~39岁),其中12例患者为初次脱位,26例患者为反复多次脱位。所有患者术前均有肩关节脱位病史。术前患者采用美国肩肘外科协会评分系统(American shoulder and elbow surgeons evaluation form,ASES)肩关节评分,平均(83.7±12.8)分,Rowe评分(36.2±7.8)分,Constant-Murley评分(85.4±8.8)分。术中所有患者均采用3~4枚金属缝合锚钉进行Bankart修复术。结果 38例患者均获随访,随访时间13~40个月,平均23个月。术后肩关节前屈上举、体侧外旋及内旋活动度较术前无明显改变,外展位外旋活动度较术前明显改变,术后ASES评分平均(96.8±4.6)分,与术前相比差异具有统计学意义;术后Rowe评分平均(90.2±11.7)分,Constant-Murley评分(97.9±7.7)分,与术前比较差异有统计学意义。术后2例患者出现再次脱位,手术失败率5.3%(2/38)。结论应用全关节镜下锚定缝合技术进行Bankart修复术是治疗Bankart损伤的有效方法。合适的手术时机,充分的松解及关节囊及韧带复合体的提拉缝合、锚钉的合理分布是手术成功的保障。     

镜下缝线锚钉修复肩关节上盂唇前后向合并前后延伸损伤的疗效分析

目的 探讨镜下缝线锚钉修复肩关节上盂唇前后向(SLAP)合并前后延伸损伤的疗效.方法 对2007年3月至2009年4月肩关节镜下缝线锚钉修复的12例盂唇SLAP合并前后延伸损伤患者的资料进行回顾性分析,男7例,女5例;年龄18～40岁,平均28.7岁;均为复合多向不稳定.镜下缝线锚钉治疗肩关节盂唇SLAP Ⅴ型损伤(Bankart损伤+SLAPⅡ型损伤)7例、SLAPⅧ型损伤(SLAPⅡ型损伤合并后下方盂唇撕裂)3例及SLAPⅢ型合并前后盂唇撕裂脱位2例.术前及术后随访均采用美国肩肘外科协会(ASES)评分、视觉模拟评分(VAS)及Constant-Murley评分评定疗效.结果 所有患者术后获11～22个月(平均17个月)随访.术前及末次随访时肩关节平均前屈上举分别为163.4°±8.6°和169.7°±4 2°;外展90°外旋为58.5°±13.6°和90.3°±5.5°;术后外展90°,患侧外旋角度较健侧受限8.4°±6 2°.术前及末次随访ASES评分分别为(77.4±3.7)分和(94.3±2.6)分,VAS评分分别为(7.2±1.4)分和(1.2±0.6)分,Constant-Murley评分分别为(78.1±4.6)分和(93.9±3.7)分,以上指标比较差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).术后未发生再脱位,均重返伤前工作岗位.结论 严重SLAP合并前后延伸损伤诊断困难,镜下能明确损伤类型,及时治疗,创伤小,并发症少,功能恢复快.     

Hill-Sachs Remplissage手术治疗骨缺损性复发性肩关节前脱位

目的 探讨关节镜下Bankart重建术辅助Hill-Sachs Remplissage手术治疗存在明显骨缺损的复发性肩关节前脱位的疗效.方法 回顾性分析随访2年以上的应用关节镜下Bankart重建术辅助Hill-Sachs Remplissage手术治疗的复发性肩关节前脱位49例患者的病例资料,男42例,女7例;接受手术时年龄16.7～54.7岁,平均28.4岁.49例均为单向不稳定,合并明显的肩盂骨性损伤及巨大的Hill-Sachs损伤.术中采用金属缝合锚钉行Bankart修补,辅助后方冈下肌腱固定填充Hill-Sachs损伤.全部病例随访24～35个月,平均29.0个月,随访时采用ASES评分、Constant-Murley评分、Rowe评分进行功能评估,观察肩关节活动度变化.结果 术前及终末随访时肩关节平均前屈上举162.9°±17.1°和170.9°±7.4°(P=0.007),平均体侧外旋56.0°±17.6°和54.1°±17.1°(P=0.511);ASES评分为(84.7±11.3)分和(96.0±3.4)分(P=0.000),Constant-Murley评分为(93.3±8.7)分和(97.8±3.6)分(P=0.005),Rowe评分为(36.8±8.5)分和(89.8±12.5)分(P=0.000).终末随访时1例患者出现复发脱位,3例患者出现半脱位,失效率8.2%(4/49).此4例患者恐惧试验阳性.结论 肩关节镜下Bankart重建术辅助Hill-Sachs Remplissage手术是治疗存在明显骨缺损的复发性肩关节前脱位的有效方法之一.手术适应证的正确选择、熟练的关节镜下操作技术以及术后长期、严格的功能康复锻炼是手术成功的关键.

Abstract：

Objective The purpose of our study was to report the results of using arthroscopic Remplissage and Bankart repair in patients who had an engaging Hill-Sachs lesion with significant glenoid bone loss. Methods We retrospectively reviewed 49 consecutive patients who underwent arthroscopic Remplissage and Bankart repair for anterior shoulder instability with a mean duration of follow-up of 29.0 months (24-35 months). At the time of surgery the mean age of 42 men and 7 women was 28.4 years. All patients were diagnosed as recurrent anterior shoulder dislocation with a bony lesion of glenoid and an engaging HillSachs lesion. An arthroscopic Remplissage and Bankart repair using metal anchor was performed in all cases.ASES score, Constant-Murley score and Rowe score were used to evaluate the stability and the function of the shoulder. Results Patients' active forward elevation significantly(P=0.007) improved from 162.9°±17.1°preoperatively to 170.9°±7.4° at final follow-up. The external rotation was 56.0°±17.6° before the surgery compared with the 54.1°±17.1° postoperatively(P=0.511 ). The ASES score, Constant-Murley score and Rowe score was 84.7±11.3, 93.3±8.7 and 36.8±8.5 preoperatively compared with 96.0±3.4, 97.8±3.6 and 89.8±12.5 postoperatively. Significant difference could be found with regard to ASES score (P=0.000), ConstantMurley score (P=0.005) and Rowe score (P=0.000). One redislocation happened and a subluxation was noticed in three patients (8.3%). Conclusion Arthroscopic Remplissage combined with Bankart repair can achieve satisfactory for recurrent anterior shoulder dislocation accompany with engaging Hill-Sachs lesion.     

肩关节脱位合并肩袖与Bankart损伤的诊治

目的 探讨关节镜下修复肩关节前脱位合并肩袖与Bankart损伤的疗效.方法 1999年9月至2007年7月收治16例肩关节脱位合并肩袖与Bankart损伤患者,男14例,女2例;左肩6例,右肩10例.交通伤8例,运动伤4例,牵拉伤4例.受伤至手术时间平均4.5个月(1.5～11.0个月).肩关节x线片显示肩盂撕脱骨折3例.16例患者肩关节核磁共振造影显示肩袖与Bankart损伤.关节镜探查发现肩袖于肱骨大结节处撕脱伴肩袖挛缩12例.采用关节镜下松解、缝合锚钉和骨锚钉同定缝合9例;因肩袖挛缩明显,进行关节镜与小切口辅助下肩袖缝合固定术3例;肩衲组织因牵拉松弛抬肩无力,采用等离子刀皱缩和肩袖缝合紧缩术4例.Bankart损伤采用关节镜下可吸收Bankart钉固定3例,钛合金缝合锚钉固定3例,关节镜下直接缝合修补盂唇3例,骨锚钉加会属锚钉固定7例.结果 16例患者术后获平均16.5个月(7～34个月)随访.肩关节稳定,肩外展和上举功能恢复正常12例,术后肩关节外展、抬举活动轻度受限2例,前伸活动疼痛2例.金属锚钉拔出再手术2例.采用美国加州洛杉矶大学UCLA肩关节功能评分:术前平均(21.5±5.5)分;术后平均(32.4±5.6)分,优12例,良4例.结论 肩关节脱位合并肩袖与Bankart损伤核磁共振造影有助于诊断;肩袖挛缩者应进行充分松解,无张力缝合固定有利于肩袖愈合;异体骨锚钉修复肩袖与Bankart损伤,生物固定、费用低廉,具有重要的价值.     

复发性肩关节前脱位的关节镜治疗

目的 探讨肩关节镜下Bankart重建手术治疗复发性肩关节前脱位的疗效、适应证和手术要点.方法 随访40例应用肩关节镜下Bankart重建进行治疗的复发性肩关节前脱位患者,随访时间为24～58个月,平均35.9个月;年龄15～54岁,平均27.8岁.40例均为单方向性不稳定.术前平均脱位次数为14.1次(2～90次),其中28例发生于主力侧.术中采用金属缝合锚(Mini-Revo)进行Bankart重建.随访内容包括ASKS评分、Constant-Murley评分、VAS不稳定评分及ROWE评分进行功能评估.结果 40例患者术前和终末随访时肩关节前屈上举平均为[(157.5±20.6)°,x ±s.下同]和(170.0±6.7)°,体侧外旋平均为(58.5±18.9)°和(55.9±15.0)°,ASES评分平均为(82.7±16.7)和(97.2±6.9),VAS不稳定评分平均为(6.2±1.6)和(1.3±1.4),Constant-Murley评分平均为(80.5 ±11.1)和(98.1±3.1),Rowe评分平均为(30.4±8.7)和(92.8±15.2).除体侧外旋术前和术后差异无统计学意义外,其余各项结果差异均有统计学意义.终末随访时有1例患者曾出现肩关节半脱位.随访时发现残存恐惧试验阳性3例(占7.5%).所有患者均恢复术前工作,29例(占70.7%)恢复到第一次脱位前的运动水平.结论 肩关节镜下Bankart重建手术是治疗复发性肩关节前脱位的有效方法之一.适当的病例选择、术者的关节镜下操作技术水平及术后长期而严格的功能康复锻炼是手术成功的关键.     

关节镜下Bankart修复术治疗肩关节复发性前脱位:手术效果及复发危险因素分析

目的 探讨关节镜下Bankart修复术(缝合锚钉技术)治疗肩关节复发性前脱位的临床效果,并对术后复发不稳的可能危险因素进行分析.方法 2002年3月至2010年3月连续收治肩关节复发性前脱位患者259例,均采用关节镜下缝合锚钉技术进行Bankart修复手术,其中188例患者获得随访.患者手术时平均年龄25.3岁(13～58岁);其中男性143例、女性45例;运动员50名、非运动员138名.随访时采用美国肩肘关节外科协会评分系统(ASES)肩关节评分、Rowe评分以及患者满意度评价手术效果.术前肩关节ASES评分平均72.6分,Rowe评分平均33.4分.对于肩关节术后不稳的复发率、关节活动范围以及术后复发不稳的危险因素进行评估.结果 188例患者术后平均随访38.6个月(12～110个月).术后肩关节ASES评分平均91.9分,与术前比较差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.001);术后Rowe评分平均81.9分,与术前比较差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.001).患者手术满意度调查显示,满意152例、基本满意16例、不满意20例,满意率为89.4%.术后有24例患者复发脱位,总体复发率为12.8%;运动员患者复发率为28.0%,非运动员复发率为7.2%.术后患者平均肩关节外展外旋为75.2°,与术前比较无明显丧失(P＞0.05).关节镜Bankart修复术后复发不稳与患者年龄及是否为运动员明显相关(P＜0.05);而与术前病程长短、锚钉类型、锚钉数目、骨性Bankart损伤、合并肩关节上盂唇撕裂损伤、合并后或下方盂唇损伤、合并肩袖撕裂、关节松弛以及肩袖间隙闭合等因素无明显相关(P＞0.05).结论 关节镜下采用缝合锚钉进行Bankart修复术是治疗肩关节复发性前脱位的有效方法,临床效果比较满意.年轻患者(≤20岁)和运动员患者是术后肩关节复发不稳的高危因素,必要时选择切开手术.

Abstract：

Objective To evaluate retrospectively the results of arthroscopic Bankart repair using suture anchors for recurrent anterior shoulder dislocation with a minimum 1-year follow-up and to assess risk factors for recurrence.Methods From March 2002 to March 2010,259 patients with recurrent anterior shoulder dislocation underwent arthroscopic Bankart repair with suture anchors.And 188 patients(50 athletes,138 nonathletes)were available for follow-up.The mean age at the time of surgery was 25.3 years (range,13-58 years).The mean follow-up was 38.6 months(range,12-110 months).All of the 188 patients were evaluated preoperatively and postoperatively with the American Shoulder and Elbow Society (ASES)shoulder score and Rowe score system.The rate of recurrent instability,range of motion,and risk factors for postoperative recurrence were evaluated.The ASES score was 72.6 preoperatively,and Rowe score was 33.4.Results The ASES scores improved significantly to 91.9 postoperatively(P＜0.001).The Rowe scores improved to 81.9 postoperatively(P＜0.001).And 152 patients were greatly satisfied with the results,16 satisfied and 20 unsatisfied.The satisfactory rate was 89.4%.24 patients(12.8%)suffered a recurrence after surgery,14 athletes and 10 nonathletes.The recurrence rates were 28.0% in the athlete group and 7.2% in the nonathlete group.On average there was no significant loss of external rotation postoperatively(average,75.2° preoperatively and 67.2° postoperatively).Patients under age 20,and athlete patients were associated with recurrence(P＜ 0.05).Other factors including length of time until surgery,type of anchors,number of anchors,presence of bony Bankart lesion,presence of a superior labrum,anterior and posterior tear,presence of posterior or inferior labrum lesion,presence of rotator cuff tear,ligamentous laxity and rotator interval closure did not influence the recurrence rate(P＞0.05).Conclusions Arthroscopic Bankart repair is a good option for the treatment of recurrent anterior shoulder dislocation.Identification of risk factors for recurrence allows for consideration of open stabilization.In the series,patients under age 20 and athlete patients are the most important risk factors for recurrence.     

创伤性复发性肩关节前脱位全关节镜下与切开术式治疗的临床疗效对比

[目的]比较关节镜和开放两种手术方式治疗创伤性复发性肩关节前脱位的临床疗效。[方法]自2012年5月~2014年2月,对84例确诊为肩关节前下盂唇损伤(Bankart损伤)导致的复发性肩关节前脱位的患者进行分组随机对照研究。其中关节镜手术组42例,开放手术组42例,关节镜手术组采用关节镜下带线锚钉Bankart修复术,开放手术组则行MontgomeryJobe切开术式置入带线锚钉进行治疗。术后按标准进行肩关节康复训练。并按Bigliani肩关节评分系统、Rowe肩关节评分系统和视觉模拟评分(visual analogue scale,VAS)进行评估,并比较两组间差异。[结果]术后1例患者失访,其余83例获得了13~33个月(平均25.5个月)随访。其中术后1年时Bigliani评分为关节镜手术组(6.5±0.7)分和开放手术组(4.4±1.9)分,组间比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);Rowe评分为关节镜手术组(75.7±1.7)分和开放手术组(54.4±2.1)分,组间比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。另外,关节镜手术在减轻肩关节疼痛(VAS评分,P0.05)和增加肩关节活动范围(ROM)(P0.05)方面明显优于开放手术组。[结论]关节镜Bankart修复术治疗创伤性复发性肩关节前脱位临床疗效明显优于开放Bankart修复术,关节镜手术在减轻术后疼痛和增加肩关节ROM方面效果更好。     

关节镜下GⅡ锚钉固定治疗肩关节Bankart损伤

目的探讨关节镜下GⅡ锚钉固定治疗肩关节Bankart损伤的疗效。方法对3例肩关节不同类型Bankart损伤的患者行关节镜下GⅡ锚钉固定、缝合关节囊重建撕裂的盂唇。术后按常规康复治疗。结果 3例均获随访,时间分别为9、11、8个月,无复发脱位。UCLA评分由术前23.4、21.8、24.7分提高至术后32.8、32.5、40.2分,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）。结论关节镜下GⅡ锚钉固定治疗肩关节Bankart损伤切口小,愈合快,疗效好。     

关节镜下后盂唇关节囊折叠缝合治疗肩关节复发性后半脱位

目的探讨关节镜下后盂唇关节囊折叠缝合治疗肩关节复发性后半脱位的近期疗效。方法回顾性分析2015年1月至2018年12月,采用缝合锚技术行关节镜下后盂唇关节囊折叠缝合治疗16例肩关节复发性后半脱位患者资料,男12例,女4例;年龄18～37岁,平均22岁;11例为后盂唇全层撕裂(其中2例合并上盂唇自前向后的撕脱,7例合并后关节囊松弛),5例为后盂唇部分撕裂(均合并后关节囊松弛)。术后肩关节外展30°使用支具固定6周,防止肩关节内旋;术后2～3个月全范围主、被动活动,术后6个月恢复正常运动。使用美国肩肘外科协会(American Society of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery, ASES)评分和加州大学洛杉矶分校(University of California at Los Angeles, UCLA)最终结果评分评价肩关节功能,使用ASES评分中的不稳定评分评价肩关节稳定性。结果 16例患者均获得随访,随访时间平均19个月(范围,12～36个月)。ASES肩关节不稳定评分由术前(7.6±1.6)分降低到术后12个月(2.0±1.2)分;ASES评分由术前的(4...     

全关节镜下手术治疗骨性Bankart损伤的术后疗效分析

目的 探讨肩关节镜下金属缝合锚钉固定治疗骨性Bankart损伤的术后疗效.方法 2004年5月至2008年5月共收治45例存在肩关节骨性Bankart损伤的患者,均应用全关节镜下复位,金属缝合锚钉固定术治疗.其中男性40例,女性5例.手术时平均年龄27.6岁(16.5～50.1岁),平均随访时间29.7个月(24.8～...     

关节镜下双袢固定自体髂骨修复合并严重骨缺损的Bankart损伤临床疗效分析

目的 探讨关节镜下双袢固定自体髂骨修复合并严重骨缺损的Bankart损伤患者肩关节临床功能改善及肩胛盂骨缺损修复情况.方法 回顾性分析2015年7月至2018年7月在南方医科大学第三附属医院运动医学科采用关节镜下双袢固定自体髂骨植骨术治疗的17例合并严重骨缺损的Bankart损伤患者.在术前和术后使用美国肩肘外科协会(...     

Arthroscopic anterior stabilization of the shoulder: two to six-year follow-up

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to evaluate prospectively the surgical outcomes of arthroscopic repair of anterior capsulolabral lesions with use of suture anchors in a large series of patients who were followed for two to six years. METHODS: We evaluated the results of arthroscopic Bankart repair with use of suture anchors and nonabsorbable sutures in 167 patients with traumatic recurrent anterior instability of the shoulder. The mean age at the time of the operation was twenty-five years. Preoperatively and at the time of follow-up (at a mean of forty-four months), the patients were assessed with three objective outcome measurement tools (the Rowe score, the University of California at Los Angeles [UCLA] shoulder rating scale, and the American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons [ASES] score) and two subjective measurement tools (pain and function visual analog scales). The recurrence rate, range of motion, and risk factors for postoperative recurrence were evaluated. RESULTS: All shoulder scores improved after surgery (p < 0.001). According to the Rowe scale, 130 patients (78%) had an excellent score; twenty-nine (17%), a good score; six (4%), a fair score; and two (1%), a poor score. Overall, the rate of postoperative recurrence of instability was 4% (one dislocation, two subluxations, and four positive results on the anterior apprehension test). Postoperative recurrence was related to an osseous defect of >30% of the entire glenoid circumference. In the patients with recurrent postoperative instability, the episodes were less frequent than they had been preoperatively and shoulder function was related to activity level. A revision arthroscopic Bankart repair stabilized three of the four shoulders in which it was performed. One hundred and fifty-two patients (91%) returned to >/=90% of their preinjury activity level. The mean loss of external rotation (and standard deviation) was 2.0 degrees +/- 4.0 degrees. CONCLUSIONS: We found that, in contrast to previous reports on the results of arthroscopic repair, arthroscopic capsulolabral repair with use of suture anchors can provide satisfactory outcomes in terms of recurrence rate, activity, and range of motion.     

Arthroscopic Repair of Combined Bankart and SLAP Lesions: Operative Techniques and Clinical Results

Background

To evaluate the clinical results and operation technique of arthroscopic repair of combined Bankart and superior labrum anterior to posterior (SLAP) lesions, all of which had an anterior-inferior Bankart lesion that continued superiorly to include separation of the biceps anchor in the patients presenting recurrent shoulder dislocations.

Methods

From May 2003 to January 2006, we reviewed 15 cases with combined Bankart and SLAP lesions among 62 patients with recurrent shoulder dislocations who underwent arthroscopic repair. The average age at surgery was 24.2 years (range, 16 to 38 years), with an average follow-up period of 15 months (range, 13 to 28 months). During the operation, we repaired the unstable SLAP lesion first with absorbable suture anchors and then also repaired Bankart lesion from the inferior to superior fashion. We analyzed the preoperative and postoperative results by visual analogue scale (VAS) for pain, the range of motion, American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeon (ASES) and Rowe shoulder scoring systems. We compared the results with the isolated Bankart lesion.

Results

VAS for pain was decreased from preoperative 4.9 to postoperative 1.9. Mean ASES and Rowe shoulder scores were improved from preoperative 56.4 and 33.7 to postoperative 91.8 and 94.1, respectively. There were no specific complication and no significant limitation of motion more than 10 degree at final follow-up. We found the range of motions after the arthroscopic repair in combined lesions were gained more slowly than in patients with isolated Bankart lesions.

Conclusions

In recurrent dislocation of the shoulder with combined Bankart and SLAP lesion, arthroscopic repair using absorbable suture anchors produced favorable clinical results. Although it has technical difficulty, the concomitant unstable SLAP lesion should be repaired in a manner that stabilizes the glenohumeral joint, as the Bankart lesion can be repaired if the unstable SLAP lesion is repaired first.     

Open repair of Bankart lesions using suture anchors in hard workers

The surgical techniques applied to recurrent anterior dislocation of the shoulder, especially in hard working patients, must reconstruct a stable shoulder joint with a good range of motion, which will not re-dislocate, so the patients can return to their hardworking duties. The aim of this study was to evaluate the results of open Bankart repairs with suture anchors, in high-demand sportsmen and hard workers with recurrent anterior shoulder dislocation. Thirty shoulders of 29 patients were included in the study. All patients were active hard workers. A modified deltopectoral incision was used and Mitek GII Suture Anchors were implanted with 7-10 mm intervals into the bone-cartilage zone of the glenoid rim. Average follow-up time was 30 months (range, 22-38). Postoperative results were analysed according to the Rowe Scoring System. We obtained good and excellent results in 93.3% of cases. The open Bankart repair using suture anchors appeared in this study as a reliable technique for hard workers or physically high-demand patients.     

Risk factors for recurrence of shoulder instability after arthroscopic Bankart repair

BACKGROUND: The higher failure rates reported with arthroscopic stabilization of traumatic, recurrent anterior shoulder instability compared with open stabilization remain a concern. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the outcomes of arthroscopic Bankart repairs with the use of suture anchors and to identify risk factors related to postoperative recurrence of shoulder instability. METHODS: Ninety-one consecutive patients underwent arthroscopic stabilization for recurrent anterior traumatic shoulder instability. The mean age (and standard deviation) at the time of surgery was 26.4 +/- 5.4 years. Seventy-one patients were male. Seventy-nine patients were involved in sports (forty, in high-risk sports). Capsulolabral reattachment and capsule retensioning was performed with use of absorbable suture anchors (mean, 4.3 anchors; range, two to seven anchors). All patients were prospectively followed, and, at the time of the last review, the patients were examined and assessed functionally by independent observers. RESULTS: At a mean follow-up of thirty-six months, fourteen patients (15.3%) experienced recurrent instability: six sustained a frank dislocation and eight reported a subluxation. The mean delay to recurrence was 17.6 months. The risk of postoperative recurrence was significantly related to the presence of a bone defect, either on the glenoid side (a glenoid compression-fracture; p = 0.01) or on the humeral side (a large Hill-Sachs lesion; p = 0.05). By contrast, a glenoid separation-fracture was not associated with postoperative recurrent dislocation or subluxation. Recurrence of instability was significantly higher in patients with inferior shoulder hyperlaxity (p = 0.03) and/or anterior shoulder hyperlaxity (p = 0.01). On multivariate analysis, the presence of glenoid bone loss and inferior hyperlaxity led to a 75% recurrence rate (p < 0.001). Lastly, the number of suture-anchors was critical: patients who had three anchors or fewer were at higher risk for recurrent instability (p = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS: In the treatment of traumatic recurrent anterior shoulder instability, patients with bone loss or with shoulder hyperlaxity are at risk for recurrent instability after arthroscopic Bankart repair. At least four anchor points should be used to obtain secure shoulder stabilization.