木棉花的急性毒性及遗传毒性研究

目的对木棉花干粉进行急性毒性与遗传毒性研究,为评价其食用安全性提供科学依据。方法采用食品安全国家标准中的急性毒性试验、Ames试验、小鼠骨髓细胞微核试验和小鼠精子畸形试验对木棉花干粉进行研究,动物为KM小鼠,相应数据采用Wilcoxon秩和检验、t检验进行统计学分析。结果木棉花干粉雌雄性小鼠经口最大耐受剂量(MTD)8.0g/(kg·BW);Ames试验、小鼠骨髓细胞微核试验和小鼠精子畸形试验3项遗传毒性试验结果均为阴性。结论木棉花急性毒性分级属实际无毒级,在本研究剂量范围内未见明显遗传毒性作用。     

牛磺酸矿维咀嚼片的毒理学评价

目的 对牛磺酸矿维咀嚼片的食用安全性进行毒理学评价. 方法根据<保健食品检验与评价技术规范>进行小鼠经口急性毒性试验、骨髓嗜多染红细胞微核试验、精子畸形试验和Ames试验. 结果牛磺酸矿维咀嚼片急性经口毒性为无毒;小鼠骨髓嗜多染红细胞微核试验、小鼠精子畸形试验和Ames试验均为阴性. 结论牛磺酸矿维咀嚼片属实际无毒级物质,无致突变作用.     

芦荟软胶囊的遗传毒性评价

目的:探讨某品牌芦荟软胶囊的遗传毒性。方法:使用小鼠经口急性毒性试验、小鼠骨髓嗜多染红细胞微核试验、鼠伤寒沙门氏菌回复突变(Ames)试验、和小鼠精子畸形试验对芦荟软胶囊的遗传毒性进行评价。结果:芦荟软胶囊对小鼠的经口急性毒性LD50大于20 ml/kgBW(最大灌胃容量),属实际无毒物质。微核试验、Ames试验和精子畸形试验结果均为阴性。结论:在本次试验条件下,该品牌芦荟软胶囊未显示有遗传毒性作用。     

阿胶铁口服液毒理学安全性评价

[目的]对阿胶铁口服液的饮用安全性进行食品安全性毒理学评价和研究. [方法]根据<食品安全性毒性评价程序>进行小鼠经口急性毒性试验、Ames试验、小鼠骨髓嗜多染红细胞微核试验、小鼠精子畸形试验. [结果]阿胶铁口服液小鼠经口LD5021.5 g/kg.bw,属无毒级;鼠伤寒沙门菌/哺乳动物微粒体酶试验、骨髓微核试验及小鼠精子畸变试验表明该样品无致突变作用,对雄性生殖细胞无遗传毒性. [结论]阿胶铁口服液属无毒级物质,对体细胞无致诱变及突变作用.     

蜂胶软胶囊毒理学安全性研究

目的:对蜂胶软胶囊的食用安全性进行毒理学评价。方法:采用急性毒性试验、遗传毒性试验(Ames试验、小鼠骨髓微核试验、小鼠精子畸形试验)和30 d喂养试验进行评价。结果:雌雄小鼠经口MTD均大于20.0 g/kg体重,Ames试验、小鼠骨髓微核试验、小鼠精子畸形试验三项遗传毒性试验结果均为阴性。30 d喂养试验未见大鼠的生长发育、血液学、生化、脏体比及组织病理学有异常变化。结论:蜂胶软胶囊急性毒性分级属无毒级、无遗传毒性,最大无损害作用剂量大于1.5 g/kg体重,相当于人体推荐摄入量的100倍。在本实验剂量范围内,蜂胶软胶囊属安全性保健食品。     

贻贝多糖胶囊毒理学安全性研究

目的:对贻贝多糖胶囊的食用安全性进行毒理学评价。方法:采用急性毒性实验、遗传毒性实验(Ames试验、小鼠骨髓微核试验、小鼠精子畸形试验)和30 d喂养试验进行评价。结果:小鼠经口MTD均大于15.0 g/kg,Ames试验、小鼠骨髓微核试验、小鼠精子畸形试验三项遗传毒性试验结果均为阴性。30 d喂养试验未见大鼠的生长发育、血液学、生化、脏器比及组织病理学有异常变化。结论:贻贝多糖胶囊急性毒性分级属无毒级,无遗传毒性,最大无损害作用剂量大于1.6 g/kg,相当于人体推荐摄入量的120倍。在本实验剂量范围内,贻贝多糖胶囊属安全性保健食品。     

纤维堆囊菌子实体提取物的急性毒性和遗传毒性分析

[目的]研究纤维堆囊菌(So ce9882)子实体提取物的急性毒性和遗传毒性,为粘细菌新资源的开发利用提供依据。[方法]采用急性经口毒性试验、Ames试验、小鼠精子畸形试验。[结果]急性经口毒性试验表明纤维堆囊菌子实体提取物属实际无毒物质。Ames试验、小鼠骨髓嗜多染红细胞微核试验、小鼠精子畸形试验结果均为阴性。[结论]在本次实验条件下,纤维堆囊菌子实体提取物为实际无毒物质,未显示有遗传毒性作用。     

纳豆激酶胶囊毒理学安全性评价

目的评价纳豆激酶胶囊的安全性。方法依据食品安全性毒理学评价程序和方法进行急性毒性试验、遗传毒性试验(Ames试验、骨髓细胞微核试验及小鼠精子畸变试验)和30 d喂养试验。结果纳豆激酶胶囊小鼠经口MTD>8.0 g/kg.BW,属实际无毒级;Ames试验、骨髓细胞微核试验及小鼠精子畸变试验结果为阴性;30 d喂养试验各项指标检测均未观察到异常变化。结论在本实验条件下,纳豆激酶胶囊是安全的。     

Borojo果酶解浓缩粉的遗传毒理学评价研究

目的:通过动物实验,评价Borojo果酶解浓缩粉的遗传毒性。方法:采用急性毒性试验、小鼠骨髓微核试验、小鼠精子畸形试验及Ames实验对Borojo果酶解浓缩粉进行评价。结果:雌雄小鼠经口急性毒性LD50>21.5 g/kg BW,根据急性毒性分级,受试物Borojo果酶解浓缩粉属无毒级物质;小鼠骨髓微核试验、小鼠精子畸形试验结果与对照组比较均无显著性差异;Ames实验结果阴性。结论:Borojo果酶解浓缩粉属于安全性食品。     

多肽复合物的急性毒性及致突变性实验

目的目的检测该多肽复合物对小鼠的急性毒性及致突变性。方法采用急性毒性实验、遗传毒性实验(小鼠骨髓微核试验、小鼠精子畸形试验、Ames实验)对其进行检测。结果小鼠经口急性毒性LD50>21.5 g/kg.bw。属无毒级物质,且无致突变作用。结论在本实验条件下该多肽复合物的安全性是可靠的。     

郑州市某污水处理厂尾水毒性评价

目的探讨郑州市某污水处理厂进出水的急性毒性和遗传毒性。方法采集该厂进水、二级出水和三级出水,利用发光细菌毒性测试法检测进出水的急性毒性,利用蚕豆根尖微核试验检测进出水的遗传毒性。结果进水、二级出水和三级出水对发光菌的抑光率分别为(33.96±7.51)%、(14.32±7.36)%、(7.24±5.58)%,二级出水和三级出水对发光菌的抑光率低于进水(F=12.159,P=0.008)。蚕豆根尖微核细胞率分别为(12.67±2.08)‰、(6.33±1.53)‰和(2.67±0.58)‰,污染程度分别为重度污染、轻度污染和基本无污染,二级出水及三级出水蚕豆根尖微核细胞率低于进水(F=56.850,P<0.001)。结论进水经处理后急性毒性及遗传毒性显著下降,但对环境仍具有一定的生态风险性。     

辐射羊膜的遗传毒性研究

[目的]研究辐射羊膜的遗传毒性。[方法]采用Ames试验、小鼠骨髓微核试验和CHL细胞染色体畸变试验综合评价辐射羊膜的遗传毒性。以辐射羊膜的浸提液进行试验,最高剂量均采用6cm^2/ml。[结果]三项试验均为阴性结果。[结论]辐射羊膜无遗传毒性。     

某种黄芪丹参胶囊的毒理学安全性评价

[目的]了解某品牌黄芪丹参胶囊作为保健食品长期食用的安全性。[方法]2011年1月,依照《保健食品检验与评价技术规范》(2003年版)对某品牌黄芪丹参胶囊采用小鼠急性经口毒性试验、遗传毒性试验(Ames试验、小鼠骨髓微核试验、小鼠精子畸形试验)和30d喂养试验进行检测评价。[结果]按照2.5、5.0、10.0g/kg.bw经口给小鼠某品牌黄芪丹参液,3项遗传毒性试验结果均为阴性;30d喂养试验结果,各实验组大鼠生长发育良好,体重增重、食物利用率、脏器系数、血常规、血液生化指标均在本实验室值正常范围内;病理组织学检查,实验组各脏器未见异常改变。[结论]某品牌黄芪丹参胶囊急性毒性分级属无毒级,无遗传毒性,按推荐量食用是安全的。     

Embryotoxic and genotoxic potential of sewage system biofilm and river sediment in the catchment area of a sewage treatment plant in Switzerland

In the present study an embryo toxicity test with zebrafish and the comet assay with primary cells isolated from the embryos were combined to assess the toxicity of native biofilms from the sewage system of the sewage treatment plant (STP) Mittleres Wynental and native sediments from the river Wyna (Switzerland). The aim of the study was to evaluate the applicability of the test system to investigate biofilms and to rank the results of the biofilm and sediment sampling sites with regard to embryotoxic and genotoxic effects.We demonstrated that the zebrafish embryo toxicity test in combination with the comet assay with embryo primary cells is a tool that can basically be applied for investigating the bioavailable toxic potential of native biofilms. By ranking the results for embryo toxicity and genotoxicity, we found clear differences in the toxic potential of the biofilm from different sewage system sections. Significant genotoxicity was determined in all biofilm samples and the sediments revealed a lower genotoxic potential upstream of the STP discharge compared to samples downstream and directly at the discharge. Temporal variability from samplings in autumn and spring were found for two of the five biofilm and for one of the three sediment samples.Based on the results of our study we suggest that ecotoxicological bioassays (such as the embryo toxicity test and comet assay with zebrafish) using biofilm can be a useful tool to assess (waste) water quality.     

灵黄口服液的毒理学安全性评价

目的：了解灵黄口服液的安全性。方法：小鼠急性经口毒性试验，Ames试验，小鼠骨髓嗜多染红细胞微核试验，雄性小鼠精子畸形分析，小鼠睾丸生殖细胞染色体畸变分析，大鼠传统致畸试验等，大鼠90天喂养试验。结果：该口服液急性经口毒性为无毒，在四项遗传毒性试验中均为阴性结果，在传统致畸试验中未见大鼠发育毒性和胚胎毒性，在90天喂养试验中也无异常发现。结论：灵黄口服液安全无毒。     

无患子皂苷遗传毒性的研究

目的：评价无患子皂苷的急性毒性和遗传毒性,为无患子皂苷的日常应用提供毒理学依据。方法通过急性经口毒性试验、哺乳动物红细胞微核试验、细菌回复突变试验和体外哺乳动物细胞染色体畸变试验,检测无患子皂苷对原核生物和真核生物在基因水平和染色体水平的诱变性。结果无患子皂苷的雌雄小鼠急性经口毒性LD50均为4640 mg/kg,可见流涎和黏液便等中毒体征。小鼠骨髓细胞微核试验各剂量组与阴性对照组比较,差异均无统计学意义（ P〉0.05）;Ames试验在加或不加S9各剂量组及菌株条件下的回变菌落数均未超过自发回变菌落数（阴性对照）的2倍以上,未观察到剂量-效应关系;染色体畸变试验无患子皂苷对CHL的IC50为75μg/mL,各剂量组与阴性对照组比较,差异均无统计学意义（ P〉0.05）。在上述各试验中,阳性对照组与阴性对照组比较,差异均有统计学意义（ P〈0.01）。结论在本实验条件下,无患子皂苷不具有遗传毒性。     

Identification of toxic products of anthracene photomodification in simulated sunlight

Currently, the evidence of a rapid photomodification of anthracene under sunlight resulting in enhanced toxicity exists; however, the chemical causes of toxicity are still unknown. The present study aimed at filling this gap by irradiation of an anthracene suspension with simulated sunlight and subsequent effect-directed fractionation and analysis of toxic products with respect to the inhibition of bacterial energy metabolism of Vibrio fischeri, reproduction of the green algae Scenedesmus vacuolatus, and genotoxicity in the umuC test. Algal toxicity of anthracene was hardly modified by irradiation prior to testing and distributed over all fractions with emphasis on the fractions containing anthracene-9,10-dione and a photometabolite suggested to be 10-hydroxyanthrone. Bacterial toxicity and genotoxicity in contrast emerged only when anthracene was irradiated. Anthracene-1,4-dione, a so-far-unknown trace photometabolite, was identified as a very potent toxicant dominating the toxicity of photomodified anthracene to V. fischeri. In genotoxic fractions, 1-hydroxyanthracene-9,10-dione and 1,4-dihydroxyanthracene-9,10-dione were identified and confirmed as genotoxicants. The results stress the potential of effect-directed analysis approaches in contrast to mere chemical analysis in studies aiming at toxicologically relevant photomodified substances.     

生物人工血管的生物相容性研究

目的：考察一种新型的生物人工血管的生物相容性。方法：依据G B/T16886医疗器械生物学评价标准规定的细胞毒性、急性毒性试验、皮内刺激试验、致敏试验、溶血试验、亚慢性毒性试验、植入试验和遗传毒性试验方法评价生物人工血管的生物相容性,以验证其安全性和有效性。结果：显示生物人工血管无急性毒性、无皮内刺激作用、无致敏作用,溶血率不大于5%;细胞毒性为0级;皮下植入后1周、4周、12周和26周样品的炎症反应和纤维囊形成与对照无明显差别;遗传毒性采用鼠伤寒沙门氏菌回复突变试验（Ames试验）、体外哺乳动物细胞染色体畸变试验、哺乳动物细胞体外基因突变试验均为阴性,说明生物人工血管无遗传毒性。结论：生物人工血管具有良好的生物相容性,没有观察到不良反应,符合临床使用要求。     

Influence of alkylphenols and trace elements in toxic, genotoxic, and endocrine disruption activity of wastewater treatment plants

Toxicity and endocrine interference of influent and effluent waters from domestic and industrial wastewater treatment plants were determined. In addition, chemical analyses were performed to detect the presence of 17beta-estradiol, 17alpha-ethinyl estradiol, nonylphenol, 4-octylphenol, and p-t-octylphenol as well as lead, copper, and cadmium in these matrices. The results showed that despite low acute toxic potential, most of the samples tested showed both genotoxicity and endocrine interference. Furthermore, to establish whether the observed effects were caused by the alkylphenols and the heavy metals detected, toxic, genotoxic, and endocrine interference tests also were performed on pure chemicals. The acute toxicity was measured on the crustacean Daphnia magna. The estrogenic activity was determined by using the yeast estrogen screen with Saccharomyces cerevisiae RMY326, whereas the SOS Chromotest and Ames test detected the genotoxicity on Escherichia coli PQ37 and Salmonella typhimurium TA98 and TA100, respectively. The results showed that the toxicity found in the matrices did not match the values found for pure chemicals, but a clear correlation was found between alkylphenols and genotoxicity. Both heavy metals and alkylphenols took part in the endocrine interference activity.