Healthcare-associated infections in Finnish acute care hospitals: a national prevalence survey, 2005

The objectives of the first national prevalence survey on healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) in Finland were to assess the extent of HAI, distribution of HAI types, causative organisms, prevalence of predisposing factors and use of antimicrobial agents. The voluntary survey was performed during February-March 2005 in 30 hospitals, including tertiary and secondary care hospitals and 10 (25%) other acute care hospitals in the country. The overall prevalence of HAI was 8.5% (703/8234). Surgical site infection was the most common HAI (29%), followed by urinary tract infection (19%) and primary bloodstream infection or clinical sepsis (17%). HAI prevalence was higher in males, among intensive care and surgical patients, and increased with age and severity of underlying illness. The most common causative organisms, identified in 56% (398/703) of patients with HAIs, were Escherichia coli (13%), Staphylococcus aureus (10%) and Enterococcus faecalis (9%). HAIs caused by multi-resistant microbes were rare (N = 6). A total of 122 patients were treated in contact isolation due to the carriage of multi-resistant microbes. At the time of the survey, 19% of patients had a urinary catheter, 6% central venous line and 1% were ventilated. Antimicrobial treatment was given to 39% of patients. These results can be used for prioritising infection control measures and planning more detailed incidence surveillance of HAI. The survey was a useful tool to increase the awareness of HAI in participating hospitals and to train infection control staff in diagnosing HAIs.     

Surveillance of healthcare-associated infections in Indonesian hospitals

A cross-sectional surveillance of healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) and exposure to risk factors was undertaken in two Indonesian teaching hospitals (Hospitals A and B). Patients from internal medicine, surgery, obstetrics and gynaecology, paediatrics, a class department and intensive care were included. Patient demographics, antibiotic use, culture results, presence of HAI [phlebitis, surgical site infection (SSI), urinary tract infection (UTI) and septicaemia] and risk factors were recorded. To check for interobserver variation, a validation study was performed in Hospital B. In Hospitals A and B, 1,334 and 888 patients were included, respectively. Exposure to invasive devices and surgery was 59%. In Hospital A, 2.8% of all patients had phlebitis, 1.7% had SSI, 0.9% had UTI and 0.8% had septicaemia. In Hospital B, 3.8% had phlebitis, 1.8% had SSI, 1.1% had UTI and 0.8% had septicaemia. In the validation study, the prevalence as recorded by the first team was 2.6% phlebitis, 1.8% SSI, 0.9% UTI and no septicaemia, and that recorded by the second team was 2.2% phlebitis, 2.6% SSI, 3.5% UTI and 0.9% septicaemia. This study is the first to report on HAI in Indonesia. Prevalence rates are comparable to those in other countries. The reliability of the surveillance was insufficient as a considerable difference in prevalence rates was found in the validation study. The surveillance method used is a feasible tool for hospitals in countries with limited healthcare resources to estimate their level of HAI and make improvements in infection control. Efficiency can be improved by restricting the surveillance to include only those patients with invasive procedures. This can help to detect 90% of all infections while screening only 60% of patients.     

Results from the Scottish National HAI Prevalence Survey

A national point prevalence survey was undertaken over the period of one calendar year in Scotland from October 2005 to October 2006. The prevalence of healthcare-associated infection (HAI) was 9.5% in acute hospitals and 7.3% in non-acute hospitals. The highest prevalence of HAI in acute hospital inpatients was found in the following specialties: care of the elderly (11.9%), surgery (11.2%), medicine (9.6%) and orthopaedics (9.2%). The lowest prevalence was found in obstetrics (0.9%). The most common types of HAI in acute hospital inpatients were: urinary tract infections (17.9% of all HAI), surgical site infections (15.9%) and gastrointestinal infections (15.4%). In non-acute hospitals one in ten inpatients in two specialties (combined) - medicine (11.4%) and care of the elderly (7.8%) - was found to have HAI, and one in 20 inpatients in psychiatry (5.0%) had HAI. In non-acute hospital patients, urinary tract infections were frequent (28.1% of all HAI) and similarly skin and soft tissue infection (26.8% of all HAI). When combined, these two HAI types affected 4% of all the inpatients in non-acute hospitals. This is the first survey of its kind in Scotland and describes the burden of HAI at a national level.     

2012年全国医院感染现患率与横断面抗菌药物使用率调查报告

目的调查不同规模医院的医院感染（HAI）及社区感染（CAI）现患情况。方法按照全国医院感染监测网的统一部署,采用横断面调查方法,调查2012年参加调查的各医院住院患者的日HAI和CAI现患率、抗菌药物使用情况及病原学送检率。结果共调查1 313 家不同规模医院,786 028例住院患者,发现25 273例医院感染病例,HAI现患率为3.22%;177 009例CAI病例,CAI现患率为22.52%。301 770例患者使用抗菌药物,抗菌药物使用率为38.39%,治疗用药患者中40.16%送标本做细菌培养检测。床位数＜300、300～599、600～899、≥900的不同规模医院HAI现患率和病原送检率呈“阶梯式”升高(HAI现患率分别为2.11%、2.52%、3.49%、3.91%;病原学送检率分别为23.43%、33.97%、45.38%、49.05%,差异有统计学意义)。CAI现患率和抗菌药物使用率则呈“阶梯式”降低（CAI现患率依次为28.99%、25.43%、21.97%、18.72%;抗菌药物使用率依次为46.58%、41.14%、37.23%、34.64%,差异有统计学意义）。HAI现患率居前5位的科室分别是综合重症监护室（ICU,27.76%）、血液科（10.13%）、烧伤科（9.64%）、神经外科（9.00%）、儿科新生儿组（5.34%）。HAI病例共分离病原体12 447株,居前5位者分别为铜绿假单胞菌（1 825株）、大肠埃希菌（1 750株）、肺炎克雷伯菌（1 437株）、鲍曼不动杆菌（1 321株）、金黄色葡萄球菌（1 112株）。结论HAI现患率在下降,ICU 的HAI现患率最高;革兰阴性细菌仍是HAI主要病原体;与以往相比,抗菌药物使用率明显降低,病原学送检率明显增高。     

A monthly systematic bacteriological report improves accuracy of identification of hospital-acquired infections in an ICU

A prospective cohort study with retrospective validation was initiated in order to assess whether a monthly bacteriological report improves the accuracy in detecting hospital-acquired infections (HAI). The setting was a 14-bed medical intensive care unit (ICU) in a 821 bed French university affiliated hospital. One thousand, six hundred and two patients were admitted during the two-year study period, the mean age was 58+/-19 years, the mean Simplified Acute Physiology Score 2 (SAPS 2) was 34+/-21, and ICU mortality was 14%. The microbiology laboratory sent monthly bacteriological reports of urine samples and central venous catheter (CVC) tips back to the intensive-care unit physician in charge of the HAI surveillance programme. This enabled a comparison to be made between prospectively and retrospectively diagnosed hospital-acquired urinary tract infections (HAUTI) and CVC-related infections (HACVCI), HAUTI were prospectively identified in 51 cases (incidence density=10.03/1,000 days) and 23 more cases were found after receiving the monthly bacteriological report (final HAUTI incidence density=14.6/1,000 days, P<0.05). HACVCI were prospectively recognized in 13 cases (incidence density=4/1,000 days) and eight more cases were discovered (final HACVCI incidence density=6.52/1,000 days,P >0.1). All retrospectively diagnosed HAI occurred during the last 48 h of the patients' ICU stay. We conclude that the routine HAI surveillance programme is reliable, except for the last 48 h in the ICU. The monthly bacteriological report improved the accuracy of the HAI reporting rate.     

Wide range of point prevalences of healthcare-associated infections in Western Greece

The purpose of this study was to estimate the prevalence of healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) in the region of Western Greece and its relationship with possible predisposing factors. Two 1-day prevalence studies were performed in all hospitals of the region. The average HAI prevalence was 2·9% (range 0-6·8%) in the hospitals and 0-22·7% between different medical wards. Overall, 90% of HAI patients had predisposing factors. The most frequently isolated microorganism was Escherichia coli (14·3%). The study revealed a relatively low overall point prevalence of HAI, but remarkable discrepancies between the hospitals and wards. This may be due to the presence of confounding medical conditions and/or underreporting of HAIs from certain hospital wards. Local point-prevalence surveys may increase the awareness of HAIs in hospital staff and contribute to the establishment of effective infection control.     

Prevalance of and risk factors for hospital-acquired infections in Slovenia-results of the first national survey, 2001

A one-day survey was conducted in all (19) Slovenian acute-care hospitals in October 2001 to estimate the prevalence of all types of hospital-acquired infections (HAIs) and to identify predominant micro-organisms and risk factors. Among 6695 patients surveyed, the prevalence of patients with at least one HAI was 4.6%. The prevalence of urinary tract infections was highest (1.2%), followed by pneumonia (1.0%), surgical wound infection (0.7%), and bloodstream infection (0.3%). In intensive care units (ICUs) the prevalence of patients with at least one HAI was 26.9% and the ratio of episodes of HAI per number of patients was 33.3%. One or more pathogens were identified in 55.8% of HAIs episodes. Among these, the most frequently single isolated micro-organisms were Staphylococcus aureus (18.2%) and Escherichia coli (10.2%). Risk factors for HAI included central intravascular catheter (adjusted odds ratio (OR) 3.2; 95% confidence intervals (CI) 2.1-4.9), peripheral intravascular catheter (adjusted OR 1.7; 95% CI 1.2-2.4), urinary catheter (adjuster OR 2.4; 95% CI 1.6-3.4), and hospitalization in ICUs (adjusted OR 2.5; 95% CI 1.4-4.3). The results provide the first national estimates for Slovenia.     

Prevalence of nosocomial infections in Italy: result from the Lombardy survey in 2000

A one-day survey was carried out in 88 out of 113 public hospitals in Lombardy to obtain prevalence rates of hospital-acquired infections (HAIs) by hospital departments and to identify the pathogens more frequently involved. In total 18667 patients were surveyed, representing 72% of the average daily total of occupied beds in public hospitals in Lombardy. The overall prevalence of HAI was 4.9%. The highest prevalence was observed in intensive care units and in spinal units. The prevalence of bloodstream infections was 0.6%; pneumonia 1.1%; urinary tract infections 1.6% and gastrointestinal infections 0.4%. In surgical patients the prevalence of surgical site infections was 2.7%. The most frequently isolated pathogen from all sites of infections was Escherichia coli (16.8%), followed by Staphylococcus aureus (15.0%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (13.2%) and Candida spp. (8.7%). Methicillin-resistant S. aureus accounted for 23% of all isolated S. aureus. The results provide baseline data for rational priorities in allocation of resources, for further studies and for infection control activities.     

A three-year survey of nosocomial and community-acquired infections, antibiotic treatment and re-hospitalization in a Norwegian health region

In Norway, hospital-acquired infections (HAI) were analysed by repeated point prevalence studies (four each year) performed simultaneously at 14 hospitals in a health region (860,000 inhabitants) during the period 1996-1998. The study included 3200 beds and 121,000 discharged patients each year, and was initiated by and co-ordinated from the regional university hospital; Ullev?l University Hospital (UHH). An overall prevalence rate of HAI of 6.5% (interhospital variation 1.4-11.7%) was found for the 32,248 patients studied. The rate of HAI was reduced from 7.7% in 1996 to 5. 9% in 1998. Smaller hospitals (<200 beds) generally had lower rates of HAI, community acquired infections (CAI), postoperative infections and use of antibacterial agents, than the large regional hospital (1200 beds). HAI was reduced in non-operated patients from 5.8% in 1996 to 4.4% in 1998 and in operated patients from 13.2% in 1996 to 10.5% in 1998. The risk of developing HAI was twice as high after surgery. From 1996 to 1998 there was a reduction in: urinary tract infections from 2.4% to 1.7%, lower respiratory tract infections from 1.5% to 0.8% and postoperative wound infections from 5.7% to 4.3%, while septicaemia (from 0.5% to 0.4%) remained unchanged. Re-hospitalization because of HAI was registered in 0.6% (interhospital variation 0.3-1.1%) of patients. The CAI rate in hospitals increased from 8.3% in 1996 to 10.8% in 1998. Approximately 16% (variation:14.4-20.6%) of the patients had an infection. The total use of antibacterial agents was 19.2% in 1996, 16.6% in 1997 and 17.8% in 1998 (variation: 14.9-23%).     

内蒙古地区医院感染现患率调查分析

目的了解内蒙古地区医院感染现状,为制定医院感染管理措施提供依据。方法采用横断面调查方法,依据全国医院感染监测网2018年医院感染现患率调查要求,内蒙古地区所有三级、二级综合医院和专科医院自愿参加调查,自主选取调查日期填写统一调查表。结果 2018年内蒙古地区共有169所医院参加现患率调查,调查患者61 469例,1 016例(1 100例次)发生医院感染,医院感染现患率为1.65%,例次现患率为1.79%。≥900张床位医院的医院感染现患率较高,为2.60%。医院感染现患率位于前三位的科室为综合ICU(12.70%)、血液病科(6.55%)、儿科新生儿组(5.98%)。医院感染部位主要为下呼吸道(44.82%)、泌尿道(16.82%)、上呼吸道(10.82%)等。抗菌药物使用率为28.04%,不同规模医院的抗菌药物使用率比较,差异有统计学意义(χ2=650.353,P0.001)。治疗性使用抗菌药物患者病原学送检率为36.08%。规模越大的医院的治疗用药病原学送检率越高,差异有统计学意义(χ2=449.309,P0.001)。治疗使用抗菌药物位于前3位的科室为儿科非新生儿组1 821例(98.11%)、呼吸科2 463例(97.62%)和肾病科334(96.53%);预防使用抗菌药物较多的科室为产科484例(82.59%)、妇科395例(66.72%)和骨科1 106例(64.68%)。共检出医院感染病原体457株,其中革兰阴性菌325株(71.12%)、革兰阳性菌82株(17.94%)、真菌30株(6.57%)。医院感染主要病原体为肺炎克雷伯菌(82株)、大肠埃希菌(81株)、铜绿假单胞菌(76株)等。结论本次现患率调查结果较全国及其他地区低。医院感染管理部门可针对重点科室、主要感染部位采取有效的感染预防与控制措施,提高规模较小医院的治疗性使用抗菌药物病原学送检率。     

Device-associated nosocomial infection rates in intensive care units in Greece.

Site-specific, risk-adjusted incidence rates of intensive care unit (ICU)-acquired infections were obtained through standardized surveillance in 8 ICUs in Greece. High rates were observed for central line-associated bloodstream infection (12.1 infections per 1,000 device-days) and ventilator-associated pneumonia (12.5 infections per 1,000 device-days). Gram-negative microorganisms accounted for 60.4% of the isolates recovered, and Acinetobacter species were predominant. To reduce infection rates in Greek ICUs, comprehensive infection control programs are required.     

浦东新区医疗机构连续2年医院感染现患率调查分析

目的了解浦东新区医疗机构的医院感染现患情况。方法选取浦东新区的10所医疗机构作为监测点医院,各监测医院分别于2013年11月和2014年11月中的某一日作为调查日开展医院感染横断面调查。比较不同级别医院医院感染现患情况。 结果2013、2014年医院感染现患率分别为4.04%、3.75%,差异无统计学意义（χ2=0.709,P=0.400）。 一、二、三级医院现患率2013年分别为：0.66%、3.32%、4.60%,2014年分别为：0、3.52%、4.01%,每年不同级别医院现患率比较差异均有统计学意义（均P＜0.05）。医院感染现患率较高的科室为神经外科、血液科、重症监护病房（ICU）和老年科。各科室两年现患率比较,ICU现患率上升明显,由10.09%上升至18.78%（χ2=3.921,P=0.048）,老年科下降明显,由10.07%下降至5.02%（χ2=5.698,P=0.017）。医院感染部位主要为下呼吸道（36.72%）、上呼吸道（9.96%）和泌尿道（12.89%）。2013年检出病原菌172株,2014年检出177株,以G-菌为主（占60.74%）,其次为G+菌（占26.37%）和真菌（占12.89%）。两次调查相比,医院感染病原菌构成比较差异无统计学意义（χ2=5.819,P=0.830）。结论浦东新区各级医疗机构中三级医院医院感染现患率最高;ICU现患率上升比较明显;感染部位以下呼吸道为主;感染病原菌以G-菌为主。     

武汉地区住院患者医院感染与社区感染现患率调查

目的了解武汉地区住院患者医院感染与社区感染现况,为医院感染的预防与控制提供依据。方法便利抽取武汉市33所医院,采用床旁调查和病例调查相结合的方法对住院患者进行调查,应用SPSS 16.0软件进行数据分析。结果调查住院患者36 222例,医院感染1 116例,医院感染现患率3.08%,社区感染6 968例,社区感染现患率19.24%。医院床位数≥900张者医院感染现患率最高(3.40%),医院床位数300张者社区感染现患率最高(43.70%)。医院感染现患率最高的科室为综合ICU(32.88%),社区感染现患率最高的科室为呼吸科(78.34%)。医院感染病例共检出病原体699株,主要为铜绿假单胞菌(18.03%)、鲍曼不动杆菌(16.31%)和金黄色葡萄球菌(12.88%),社区感染病例共检出病原体1 149株,主要为大肠埃希菌(14.45%)、铜绿假单胞菌(11.23%)和支原体(10.01%)。医院感染和社区感染主要部位均为下呼吸道,分别为48.24%和45.15%。结论该地区医院感染与社区感染呈现不同的特点,应根据重点科室、重点部位有针对性地采取措施,有效减少医院感染的发生。     

Comparison of effectiveness and required time of two surveillance methods in intensive care patients

The intensive care unit (ICU) standardized protocol of the NNIS (National Nosocomial Infections Surveillance) system is a surveillance method of hospital acquired infections (HAI), which provides device-associated infection rates. The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness and the required time for data collection and analysis of a selective surveillance method (SSM) derived from the NNIS ICU surveillance protocol, and to compare its data with that of a reference surveillance method (RSM). The sensitivity, specificity and the positive predictive value (PPV) of the RSM were 87.5, 100 and 100%, respectively. The sensitivity, specificity and the PPV of the SSM were 59.4 97.6 and 79.2%, respectively. Considering device-related infections only (ventilator-related pneumonia, catheter-related urinary tract infections, central line-related sepsis), the sensitivities of the RSM and the SSM were 80.9 and 90.5%, respectively. The SSM required only one third of the time of the RSM (1.1 h and 3.4 h per 10 beds per week with the SSM and the RSM, respectively). We conclude that the SSM has a very high sensitivity for detecting device associated infections, but is not sensitive enough for surveying all types of HAI.     

2014年贵州省医疗机构住院患者医院感染和社区感染现患率调查

目的了解贵州省医疗机构住院患者医院感染与社区感染现状,以及抗菌药物使用情况。方法2014年9月对贵州省174所二级及二级以上医疗机构住院患者感染情况进行横断面调查。结果共调查68 419例住院患者,实查率为99.65%。发生医院感染1 581例、1 684例次,医院感染现患率为2.31％、例次现患率为2.46％,发生社区感染18 571例、19 191例次,社区感染现患率为27.14％、例次现患率为 28.05％;医院感染和社区感染现患率最高的科室分别为综合ICU、儿科非新生儿组。医院感染部位和社区感染部位比较差异有统计学意义（χ2=17 325.44,P＜0.01）;医院感染和社区感染的病原菌均以大肠埃希菌为主。调查日抗菌药物使用率为39.82%,使用率最高的为综合ICU（80.47%）和儿科（76.67%）。用药目的以治疗用药为主［18 386例（67.48%）］,联合用药以单一用药为主［21 672例（79.55%）］。治疗使用抗菌药物者病原菌培养送检率为31.76%。结论此次调查有助于了解贵州省医院感染和社区感染高发科室、高发部位,以及治疗使用抗菌药物患者病原学送检情况,为进一步的预防与控制医院感染提供依据。     

ICU导管相关性感染目标性监测分析

目的了解某院重症监护病房(ICU)医院感染发生情况,尤其是导管相关性感染基线数据,为干预措施的制定提供参考。方法采用前瞻性调查方法对2010年6月-2011年12月入住ICU患者的医院感染发生情况进行目标性监测,并对侵入性操作使用率与相关医院感染发生率进行分析。结果调查期间共监测2741例ICU患者,发生感染198例、307例次,感染率为7.22%、例次感染率为11.20%;同期ICU住院总日数9666d,日感染率为20.48‰,例次日感染率为31.76‰;经ASIS调整后的日感染率为6.86‰,日感染例次率为10.64‰;导尿管、中心静脉插管及呼吸机的使用率分别为96.39%、58.66%和50.77%,使用导管所致相关泌尿道、血流感染和呼吸机相关性肺炎分别为3.11‰、5.47‰和20.58‰。结论 ICU医院感染发病率和导管相关性感染率较高,必须制定相应感染控制预防措施,使其相应的感染得到有效控制。     

2014年广州地区某儿童医院医院感染现患率

目的了解某儿童专科医院2014年医院感染现患情况。方法采用横断面调查的方法,调查广州某儿童医院2014年9月17日所有住院患者医院感染现患情况。结果共调查997例住院患者,发现医院感染30例、32例次,医院感染现患率3.01%、例次现患率3.21%。感染部位主要为上呼吸道（11例次,占34.38%）;感染高发科室以重症监护病房（ICU,3.99%）和儿内科（3.60%）较高;医院感染患者病原学送检率为93.33%,共检出病原体24株,其中病毒、真菌各6株（各占25.00%）,细菌11株（45.83%）,衣原体1株（4.17%）,细菌主要为金黄色葡萄球菌和表皮葡萄球菌（各3株,各占27.27%）。调查当日抗菌药物使用者451例,使用率为45.24%,其中以治疗用药为主（67.41%）,预防用药和治疗+预防用药的比率分别为19.73%和12.86%;82.26%为单一用药,使用治疗性抗菌药物者（含治疗+预防用药）细菌培养送检率82.60%。结论儿童专科医院需加强重点科室、重点部位的医院感染管理,合理规范使用抗菌药物,保障患者安全。     

2014年全国医院感染横断面调查报告

目的掌握全国医院感染现患情况,建立医院感染相关指标体系。方法采用横断面调查方法,床旁调查和病历调查相结合,全国医院感染监测网医院及其他自愿参加调查的医院按照统一的调查方案进行调查,调查其医院感染现患情况。结果1 766所医院的资料进入统计,共调查患者1 008 584例,发生医院感染26 972例,医院感染现患率为2.67%,抗菌药物使用率为35.01%。不同床位数医院医院感染现患率、抗菌药物使用率比较,差异均有统计学意义（χ2值分别为1 599.21、3 458.40,均P＜0.01）。医院感染部位主要为下呼吸道（47.53%）、泌尿道（11.56%）和手术部位（10.41%）。共分离病原体13 784株,居前5位的病原体为铜绿假单胞菌、大肠埃希菌、肺炎克雷伯菌、鲍曼不动杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌。Ⅰ类手术患者手术部位感染现患率为1.01%;Ⅰ类切口手术患者预防性抗菌药物使用率为27.99%,不同床位数医院Ⅰ类切口手术患者预防性抗菌药物使用率比较,差异有统计学意义（χ2=400.34,P＜0.01）;治疗使用抗菌药物细菌培养送检率为45.89%,不同床位数医院细菌培养送检率比较,差异有统计学意义（χ2=9 189.90,P＜0.01）。≥900张床位的医院医院感染现患率最高（3.36%）,抗菌药物使用率最低（32.35%）,细菌培养送检率最高（56.03%）。结论此次横断面调查多维度指标显示我国医院感染管理取得显著成效;同时,计算出各指标的百分位数分布,便于各单位进行医院感染相关工作的自我评价。     

2014年新疆132所医院医院感染横断面流行病学调查

目的了解新疆地区不同级别医院医院感染及社区感染现状。方法采用床旁调查与病历调查相结合的方法对2014年3月20日新疆二级及以上医院住院患者感染、抗菌药物使用情况及病原学监测信息进行横断面调查。结果实际调查132所医院66 208例住院患者,医院感染现患率1.83%,医院感染例次现患率2.02%;社区感染现患率24.53%,社区感染例次现患率24.83%。三级医院的医院感染现患率(2.58%)高于二级医院(1.44%),而社区感染现患率(17.84%)低于二级医院(28.01%),差异均有统计学意义(均P0.001)。科室分布中重症监护病房(ICU)医院感染现患率(14.91%)最高,社区感染中儿科组感染率较高。呼吸道、手术部位和泌尿道为医院感染常见部位。抗菌药物使用率为31.27%,二级医院抗菌药物使用率(35.95%,15 642例)高于三级医院(22.32%,5 064例),三级医院治疗性使用抗菌药物病原菌送检率(59.40%,2 224例)高于二级医院(53.59%,6 436例),差异均有统计学意义(χ2值分别为1 288.974、38.964,均P0.001)。医院感染病原菌以革兰阴性杆菌为主,前3位依次为大肠埃希菌、肺炎克雷伯菌、鲍曼不动杆菌。结论横断面调查结果能较好地反映新疆不同级别医院的感染现状,提示需加强感染目标微生物的监测与抗菌药物合理使用的管理和评价,关注重点人群及重点部位感染风险管理。     

河北省253所医院住院患者医院感染与社区感染现患率比较

目的了解河北省医院住院患者医院感染与社区感染现状。方法选取2015年8月17—28日期间的某一日为调查日,统一制定调查表,调查河北省二级及以上综合医院住院患者医院感染与社区感染的现患情况,并对感染病原菌进行分析比较。结果共调查253所医院,调查65 065例患者,医院感染现患率为2.89%,社区感染现患率为16.84%。医院感染部位居前3位的依次为呼吸道(61.32%)、泌尿道(12.49%)与手术部位(9.83%),社区感染部位居前3位的依次为呼吸道(56.70%)、泌尿道(10.89%)与胃肠道(8.35%)。医院感染与社区感染感染部位分布差异有统计学意义(P0.01)。医院感染与社区感染前5位病原菌种类相同,排列顺序不同,医院感染病原菌以铜绿假单胞菌为主,占22.69%,社区感染病原菌以大肠埃希菌为主,占23.79%,医院感染与社区感染检出病原菌分布差异有统计学意义(P0.01)。医院感染与社区感染在呼吸道、胃肠道、泌尿道、腹腔内组织感染中病原菌种类差异均有统计学意义(均P0.05)。产超广谱β-内酰胺酶/耐碳青霉烯类肺炎克雷伯菌、耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌医院感染与社区感染菌株的检出率比较,差异均有统计学意义(均P0.001)。结论医院感染与社区感染在感染发病率、感染部位分布、病原菌构成及多重耐药菌检出等方面均有差异,应在加强医院感染监控的同时,关注社区感染病原体的耐药性监测,为临床合理用药提供科学依据。