Amino-acid levels in subretinal and vitreous fluid of patients with retinal detachment

PURPOSE: To compare the concentration of amino acids in subretinal and vitreous fluid of patients with primary rhegmatogenous retinal detachment to that of control vitreous. METHODS: This prospective, observational study measured amino-acid levels in subretinal fluid of patients undergoing scleral buckle placement (n=20) and vitreous fluid in patients undergoing pars plana vitrectomy (n=5) for primary retinal detachment. Vitreous fluid from patients undergoing vitrectomy for macular hole (n=7) or epiretinal membrane (n=3) served as a control. Subretinal fluid and control vitreous were analysed using high-pressure liquid chromatography. Retinal detachment vitreous was analysed using capillary electrophoresis-laser-induced fluorescence. RESULTS: Mean levels of glutamate (27.0+/-1.7 microM), aspartate (4.1+/-4.0 microM), and glycine (44.1+/-31.0 microM) in subretinal fluid and glutamate (13.4+/-11.9 microM) in the vitreous were significantly elevated in retinal detachment compared to control vitreous. A significant, positive association was observed between levels of aspartate and glutamate in subretinal fluid (Spearman's correlation coefficient: 0.74, P<0.01). Mean arginine levels did not differ significantly between subretinal fluid and control vitreous. Levels of alanine, tyrosine, valine, isoleucine, leucine, and phenylalanine were significantly lower in subretinal fluid compared to control vitreous (all P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Glutamate levels in subretinal fluid and vitreous of patients with primary retinal detachment is significantly elevated in comparison to control vitreous. This finding lends further support to the hypothesis that elevated glutamate levels may result from ischaemia of the outer retina secondary to retinal detachment.     

Increased levels of soluble syndecan-1 in the subretinal fluid and the vitreous of eyes with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment

PURPOSE: To investigate whether rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) alters intraocular soluble syndecan-1 levels. METHODS: In all, 39 samples of subretinal fluid (SRF) and 10 samples of vitreous fluid from RRD patients were collected. Using ELISA, soluble syndecan-1 levels were detected, and potential correlations between syndecan-1 levels with clinical parameters were analyzed. RESULTS: Soluble syndecan-1 in the vitreous fluid (2.577+/-0.578 ng/ml) and in the SRF (1.499+/-0.184 ng/ml) from eyes with RRD enhanced significantly compared to that of the controls (0.224+/-0.095 ng/ml) (p<0.0001 and p=0.006). An increase in the syndecan-1 concentrations in SRF samples correlated with a longer duration of retinal detachment (r=0.716, p<0.0001) and a younger age (r= -0.341, p=0.017). CONCLUSIONS: RRD was found to be associated with a significant increase of soluble syndecan-1 in the vitreous fluid and SRF. In SRF, an enhanced soluble syndecan-1 concentration correlated positively with the duration of retinal detachment and inversely with the age of patients.     

Adipokine levels in subretinal fluid from patients with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment

Adipokines have recently emerged as a novel group of mediators with important roles in inflammatory and immune responses and in the process of wound healing. This study investigated the involvement of several adipokines in the future development of proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) following reattachment surgery for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD). A multiplex immunoassay was used to measure 6 different adipokines in 75 subretinal fluid samples collected during reattachment surgery for primary RRD. Twenty-one patients who developed a redetachment due to postoperative PVR after scleral buckling surgery (PVR group) were compared with age-, sex-, and storage-time-matched RRD samples from 54 patients with an uncomplicated postoperative course (RRD group). Levels of adiponectin (P?=?0.006), cathepsin S (P?=?0.001), and leptin (P?=?0.041) were significantly elevated in the PVR group as compared to the RRD group. Levels of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP)-1 were significantly lower in the PVR group than in the RRD group (P?=?0.044). After correction for diabetes, body mass index (BMI), macular involvement, and preoperative PVR, the association between postoperative PVR development and adiponectin, cathepsin S, and TIMP-1 remained statistically significant (P?相似文献   

The subretinal fluid in retinal detachment

Following retinal detachment, subretinal fluid (SRF) fills the neoformed space. Subsequently subretinal and preretinal strands of proliferative tissue begin to form. We have collected the subretinal fluid withdrawn during retinal detachment surgery. We have studied subretinal fluid cytologically to evaluate the number and the type of cells present in the fluid, and by means of transmission electron microscopy. The first cell type to be present in the fluid represented degenerated aspects of pigmented epithelial cells (PECs). Successively, other cell types appeared in the fluid as nerve cells (rods, cones and glial cells), macrophages and well preserved pigmented epithelial cells.Abbreviations PECs pigmented epithelial cells - SRF subretinal fluid     

Correlation of matrix metalloproteinase levels with the grade of proliferative vitreoretinopathy in the subretinal fluid and vitreous during rhegmatogenous retinal detachment

Purpose: We investigated the activity of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)‐2 and ‐9 and their latent pro‐forms (proMMP‐2, ‐9), and protein levels of MMP‐1, ‐3, ‐8 and tissue inhibitor of MMPs (TIMP)‐1 in the subretinal fluid (SRF) and vitreous of patients with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD). Potential correlations with proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) grade were determined. Methods: Thirty‐seven SRF and 32 vitreous samples from RRD patients and nine vitreous samples from human organ donors (controls), were collected and assayed for MMP‐1, ‐3, ‐8/TIMP‐1 levels using enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and for proMMP‐2, ‐9, MMP‐2, ‐9 activity employing gelatine zymography. Results: ProMMP‐2, ‐9, MMP‐1, ‐3, ‐9, TIMP‐1 were significantly higher in the SRF and vitreous of RRD patients compared to the vitreous of organ donors. MMP‐8 levels were higher in RRD patients’ SRF. Regarding PVR grade, MMPs and TIMP‐1 were differentially present in SRF and vitreous. PVR grade correlated significantly with the levels of MMP‐2 in SRF, while proMMP‐2, MMP‐1, ‐2, ‐3, ‐8, ‐9 and TIMP‐1 levels correlated with PVR grade in the vitreous. Conclusion: MMP/TIMP‐1 levels are elevated in SRF and vitreous during RRD. Significant correlations between PVR grade and MMP‐2 in SRF and proMMP‐2, MMP‐1, ‐2, ‐3, ‐8, ‐9 and TIMP‐1 levels in vitreous were revealed. Investigation of MMP activity in vitreous may provide more valid conclusions compared to SRF pertaining to the role of the MMPs during RRD. The observations of the present study suggest a possible role for MMPs and TIMP‐1 in PVR pathophysiology.     

视网膜脱离患者血清及视网膜下积液蛋白质结构分析

目的探讨视网膜脱离患者血清及视网膜下积液（ＳＲＦ）蛋白质结构改变。方法首次用ＦＴＲａｍａｎ和ＦＴＩＲ光谱及利用相关峰积分的半定量方法对视网膜脱离患者血清及ＳＲＦ的蛋白质结构变化进行研究。结果发现患者血清与健康人血清的两种光谱非常相似，他们均有酰胺Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅲ，但患者ＳＲＦ的芳香族基团的谱峰明显高于血清。结论视网膜脱离患者ＳＲＦ的芳香族结构明显改变，可能引起视网膜脱离，ＳＲＦ来源也可能是多方面     

Shifting subretinal fluid in rhegmatogenous retinal detachment.

In a consecutive series of 470 cases of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment 25 (5%) were found to have shifting subretinal fluid (SRF) at the preoperative examination. The study showed that the association between SRF and rhegmatogenous retinal detachment is unusual but not rare. Shifting SRF was most often associated with aphakic and longstanding retinal detachment, and found in cases in which the retinal holes were small.     

复发性视网膜脱离视网膜下液丙二醛水平

目的　探讨视网膜冷凝复位术与组织氧自由基水平的关系。方法　对 2 1例复发性视网膜脱离患者的视网膜下液 (SRF)内丙二醛含量进行测定。结果　复发性视网膜脱离患者的 SRF中丙二醛水平为 1.78± 0 .6 5 mm ol/L ;高于同期原发性视网膜脱离患者的 SRF;二者 SRF丙二醛水平均显著低于自身血清。结论　视网膜冷凝复位术可造成组织周围氧自由基的增加 ,对视网膜细胞的功能可产生一定程度的危害     

Immunoglobulins in paired specimens of vitreous and subretinal fluids from patients with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment.

Evidence suggests that there is a net movement of fluid through the retinal break in eyes with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment, this net movement being directed from the vitreous humour into the subretinal space. However, it remains uncertain how much fluid exchange occurs in both directions across such breaks. The concentration ratios of IgG/IgM or IgA/IgM, derived from assay of immunoglobulins in vitreous humour, subretinal fluid, and serum from a group of 19 such patients, suggest a lack of free, two-directional, fluid movement across the retinal break. Furthermore the IgG/IgM ratios for the two intraocular fluids were significantly greater than that of serum, this suggesting that these intraocular fluids are formed, at least in part, by a selective transduction of serum.     

An analysis of subretinal fluid in bullous retinal detachment

A patient with bilateral bullous retinal detachment underwent drainage of the subretinal fluid. The analysis of the subretinal fluid revealed a high protein concentration--17.4 g/dl OD, 27.5 g/dl OS--which was 3-5 times higher than that of the patient's serum. The protein fractionations of the subretinal fluid were almost the same as those of the serum. These findings may well explain the shifting fluid and support the theory that bullous retinal detachment is caused by the breakdown of retinal pigment epithelial function as a barrier between the choroid and retina.     

Correlation between vitreous pigment granules and retinal breaks in eyes with acute posterior vitreous detachment

The authors prospectively studied 106 consecutive phakic eyes with acute posterior vitreous detachment to determine the correlation between anterior vitreous pigment granules and retinal breaks. Pigment granules were identified in 15 eyes (14.1%), all of which had either a flap or an operculated retinal break. A retinal tear was found in only one eye without pigment granules (P = 0.000). Other factors demonstrating a statistically significant association with retinal breaks included grossly visible preretinal or vitreous blood (P = 0.039) and male gender (P = 0.000). In the absence of other ocular pathology, the presence of vitreous pigment granules identifies a very high-risk group of acute posterior vitreous detachment patients.     

Endoscopy-guided subretinal fluid drainage in vitrectomy for retinal detachment

PURPOSE: To study the usefulness of endoscopy-guided subretinal fluid drainage in pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD). PARTICIPANTS/METHODS: A prospective non-comparative study of a small number of RRD cases. The study involved examining 10 eyes of 10 patients with RRD that received PPV. Two eyes had hazy corneas, which hindered the observation by surgical microscopy. Fluid-gas exchange was performed and then subretinal fluid was drained through a primary retinal break guided by an endoscope. No drainage retinotomy was made. Each clinical feature was studied and the surgical outcome and complications were evaluated. RESULTS: All eyes had retinal reattachment by a single operation. No serious complication related to surgery was experienced. CONCLUSIONS: Endoscopy-guided subretinal fluid drainage is the safe and effective procedure in PPV for RRD.     

孔源性视网膜脱离视网膜下液中CTGF和TGF-β1的质量浓度测定

目的测定结缔组织生长因子(CTGF)和转化生长因子β1(TGF-β1)在视网膜下液(SRF)中的质量浓度,并观察其对增生性玻璃体视网膜病变(PVR)形成的影响。方法用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)测定33例孔源性视网膜脱离患者SRF中的CTGF和TGF-β1的质量浓度。结果孔源性视网膜脱离患者SRF中含有CTGF和TGF-β1;其质量浓度随患者眼部病情的加重而增加;CTGF和TGF-β1质量浓度在SRF中呈正相关关系。结论CTGF和TGF-β1在PVR的发生发展过程中起了一定的作用,且CTGF质量浓度的增加可能是TGF-β1质量浓度增加的一种后续反应。