药品检验中几个疑难问题的解决

该文就药品检验中遇到的晶型问题、引湿性问题、放置时间问题、装量差异操作问题、分层问题、过滤材料的吸附问题等，指出了注意要点及解决方法。针对问题加以分析，指出问题的症结和解决的方法，有效地保证了实验结果准确。     

胶囊内镜检查存在的问题及对策

胶囊内镜的应用虽然很好地解决了小肠疾病诊断的问题,但在临床应用中也给患者和临床医生带来了一些问题,本文重点分析了胶囊内镜检查中存在的问题,并对检查中适应证掌握、检查不全、胶囊滞留等问题提出了相关对策。     

当前部分中成药质量问题原因分析

目的回顾性分析中成药的质量问题。方法通过日常监督抽验发现问题。结果分析了出现问题的原因和提出了改进措施。结论应加强对中成药的管理。     

观点

网络空间中的政策问题建构信息技术正通过网络塑造一个似乎与自然和社会并列的虚拟世界。在这一世界之中,信息流动突破了所有界限,实现了社会的再度脱域化,以至于物理空间距离不再成为政策问题建构权获取的障碍。这一方面使社会问题能够瞬间到达每一个网络终端,在得到广泛关注的条件下转化为政策问题;另一方面,在从社会问题向政策问题转化的过程中,人们的意愿表达从网络的任何节点开始,可以自由地进入政策问题建构过程。由此,政策问题不再是既往的地方性问题。     

DNA序列中弱信号基序查找算法比较与分析

在DNA序列中查找基序是生物信息学中一个重要的计算问题,人们针对这一计算问题提出了多种模型和算法.由于DNA序列数据的复杂性,在其中有许多是比强信号基序更难提取的弱信号基序.而目前植入(ι,d)基序问题(PMP)和扩展植入(ι,d)基序问题(EMP)是较适合模拟弱信号基序查找的问题模型.本文归纳分析了基序查找的基本方法、策略和基序模型,指出了各种策略和模型的优势与不足.在此基础上对现有的基于植入基序查找问题模型的主要弱信号基序查找算法进行了分析和实验评估,为选择计算方法查找弱基序信号提供了参考,并讨论了该方向上尚未解决的问题和发展趋势.     

“一药多名”问题的研究及解决方案

本文论逆了"一药多名"问题的现状,探究了"一药多名"问题产生的根源,以及与药品名称相关的药事法律法规及其发展历程,提出了解决这一问题的方案.     

生物医药的安全性及其对策

生物医药行业是新兴的高科技产业,同时也是一个风险行业,生物医药的安全性问题日益受到人们的重视。在一些生物医药的安全性出现了问题之后,医药界和公众开始认识到,生物医药的安全性十分复杂且不同于传统药物。世界各发达国家均在积极开展生物医药安全方面的研究。本文总结了各种生物医药安全性问题,讨论了重点生物药安全性问题的对策,并就我国的生物医药安全问题提出了对策建议。     

规划的形式表示技术研究

智能规划是人工智能研究领域中的一个富有挑战性的课题.同时,智能规划问题具有广泛的实际应用背景.而自动规划问题面临的首要问题是规划问题的形式表示问题.本文系统地分析了情景演算,STRIPS,PDDL,HTN等各种规划形式表示技术,比较了各种形式表示技术的优缺点,并指出了进一步研究设计高效智能规划系统的方向.     

药品监管执法中存在的问题及应对措施

该文分析了药品监管执法中存在的问题,并针对问题提出了相应的应对措施。     

基于疑问句句型识别的问题理解研究

问题理解是问答系统中的一个关键步骤.问题理解的过程包括疑问词分类、问句分词及词性标注、疑问句句型识别、问题分类及问题中心的识别等.提出了对疑问句句型的识别方法,即通过对疑问句的短语句法树的分析,得到疑问句的句型结构,通过计算句型结构与句型模式之间的相似度来识别句子的句型.结合疑问句的语法分析,通过识别疑问句的句型实现了问题理解.实验结果表明,该方法提高了问题理解的准确度.     

基于文献研究视角的基本药物可及性问题研究

本文通过文献分析的方法对基本药物可及性中存在的问题进行论证,并运用统计学方法找出这些问题中需要优先解决的问题。结果显示基本药物可及性存在的诸多问题,覆盖了从基本药物的遴选到使用的整个过程。在这些问题中,最需要优先解决的是企业不生产或少生产基本药物的问题,其次是医师不优先使用基本药物的问题,然后是基本药物配送环节的不合理加价问题。     

医药保健品的发展现状与对策

本文分析了医药保健品的发展现状与存在问题，并针对存在的问题，结合发展前景提出了相应的开发思路与对策。     

药物分析课堂教学中科学思维方法的培养

药物分析课程是严谨、复杂的知识体系,也是解决复杂问题的方法性学科。在教学中既要传授专业知识,又要培养学生解决问题的能力。充分挖掘药物分析课程的理论内涵,在课堂教学中引入科学思维方法,引导学生建立以解决实际问题为导向的思维方法、思维习惯,提高课堂教学效果。     

Exploring the self-reported sexual problems and concerns of drug-dependent males and females in modified, therapeutic community treatment

The importance of sexual trauma and sexual problems in the treatment of chemically dependent persons has long been recognized by clinicians working with this population. This study was undertaken to describe the degree of self-reported sexual problems and concerns for 163 males admitted into a Philadelphia- or New York City-based modified therapeutic community (TC) program and 100 females admitted to the same New York City program. Results indicated that the majority of men and women identified some sexual problems and concerns shortly after being admitted, with females in the New York City sample endorsing sexual problems more often than males in the Philadelphia or New York City samples. These findings are considered in view of the fact that these clients' sexual problems were usually not addressed on their Master Treatment Plans. The implications of addressing or not addressing these sexual problems are considered.     

Planning the prevention of alcohol and other drug-related problems among women

The aim of this paper is to report on the findings from a survey of key respondents with regard to the prevention of alcohol and other drug problems among women. The findings suggest that key respondents were concerned about the problems related to legal substances, alcohol, nicotine, minor tranquillisers, over-the-counter medication and major psychotropic medication. The problems described by these respondents included both physical and psychological health problems. The implications of these findings for prevention activity are discussed.     

Gender and Direction of Effect of Alcohol Problems and Internalizing Symptoms in a Longitudinal Sample of College Students

Background: Alcohol problems and internalizing symptoms are consistently found to be associated but how they relate to each other is unclear. Objective: The present study aimed to address limitations in the literature of comorbidity of alcohol problems and internalizing symptoms by investigating the direction of effect between the phenotypes and possible gender differences in college students. Method: We utilized data from a large longitudinal study of college students from the United States (N = 2607). Three waves of questionnaire-based data were collected over the first two years of college (in 2011–2013). Cross-lagged models were applied to examine the possible direction of effect of internalizing symptoms and alcohol problems. Possible effects of gender were investigated using multigroup modeling. Results: There were significant correlations between alcohol problems and internalizing symptoms. A direction of effect was found between alcohol problems and internalizing symptoms but differed between genders. A unidirectional relationship varying with age was identified for males where alcohol problems initially predicted internalizing symptoms followed by internalizing symptoms predicting alcohol problems. For females, a unidirectional relationship existed wherein alcohol problems predicted internalizing symptoms. Conclusions/Importance: We conclude that the relationship between alcohol problems and internalizing symptoms is complex and differ between genders. In males, both phenotypes are predictive of each other, while in females the relationship is driven by alcohol problems. Importantly, our study examines a population-based sample, revealing that the observed relationships between alcohol problems and internalizing symptoms are not limited to individuals with clinically diagnosed mental health or substance use problems.     

The role of dispositional mindfulness in mitigating the impact of stress and impulsivity on alcohol-related problems

Excessive alcohol use and alcohol-related problems are common concerns on college campuses across the United States. Among a sample of college students (N?=?125), in this study we examined two primary hypotheses: (1) the relationship between dispositional mindfulness and alcohol-related problems would be explained, in part, by reduced impulsivity and (2) dispositional mindfulness would serve as a potential protective factor in mitigating the relationship between the risk factor stressful life events and the outcome of alcohol-related problems. As expected, impulsivity mediated the relationship between mindfulness and alcohol-related problems; however, unexpectedly, mindfulness did not moderate the relationship between stressful life events and alcohol-related problems. The implications and limitations of these findings, as well as recommendations for future research, are discussed.     

The role of family influences in development and risk

Various influences in the family environment contribute to children of alcoholics' (COAs') risk of developing alcoholism and other mental health problems. These risk factors include alcohol-specific influences, which selectively predict alcohol problems, and alcohol-nonspecific influences, which predict a variety of mental health problems. Alcohol-specific family influences include modeling of parental drinking behavior, development of alcohol expectancies, and the family's ethnic background. Parental psychopathology, the family's socioeconomic status, and general family psychopathology are examples of alcohol-nonspecific risk factors, which increase the COA's risk of behavior disorders as well as of alcoholism. The families of COA's who are at highest risk for alcoholism and other mental health problems are characterized by the aggregation of numerous alcohol-specific and alcohol-nonspecific risk factors.     

Basic principles of superfund litigation

Many legal aspects of the 1980 Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act, known as CERCLA, pose problems for industry and the general public. The legal issues are developing and many of the numerous problems will require future resolution in the courts. A plea is made for a cooperative effort by lawyers, regulators, and courts to analyze and solve these problems from a proper perspective.