鼻内窥镜手术的中鼻甲处理

目的探讨鼻内窥镜手术中鼻甲部分切除和保留中鼻甲与预后的关系。方法４０例双侧慢性鼻窦炎鼻息肉患者,在鼻内窥镜手术中１侧切除部分中鼻甲,另侧保留中鼻甲,观察术后鼻腔清理时间、粘连情况和手术前后嗅觉变化。结果①术后鼻腔清理时间,中鼻甲部分切除侧（平均７．１ｄ）与中鼻甲保留侧（平均９．４ｄ）差异有高度显著性（ｔ＝３８４,Ｐ＜００１）;②中鼻甲保留侧术后发生鼻腔粘连１２例,中鼻甲部分切除侧无１例发生粘连;③中鼻甲部分切除侧嗅觉改善与中鼻甲保留侧差异无显著性,４０例中未见嗅觉下降者。结论鼻内窥镜手术中切除部分中鼻甲的优点：①缩短术后清理时间,促使术腔尽快干燥与上皮化;②防止术后粘连。     

鼻内窥镜鼻窦手术中中鼻甲的处理方法和意义

中鼻甲在鼻腔生理功能方面发挥重要作用，又是鼻内窥镜鼻窦手术中极重要的解剖参考标志，所以强调术中保留中鼻甲。但中鼻甲自身解剖结构异常或存有病变，却可导致鼻腔鼻窦功能障碍，并有可能成为鼻窦炎的发源地。本文综合了1213例接受鼻内窥镜鼻窦手术的慢性鼻窦炎、鼻息肉患者中975例CT扫描和鼻内窥镜检查结果，并总结了鼻内窥镜鼻窦手术中和术后随访的体会，归纳提出中鼻甲与上颌骨额突（钩突附着缘）及鼻中隔的解剖结构关系MFS分型及鼻内窥镜鼻窦手术中中鼻甲的处理方法。手术原则和方法主要采用矢状切除中鼻甲外侧部分，并对其进行矫形的方式，重建MFS解剖结构关系。本文讨论了鼻内窥镜鼻窦手术中中鼻甲处理的必要性，并强调指出在去除病变的基础上保留中鼻甲及其功能作用是鼻内窥镜鼻窦手术中一项重要内容。     

中鼻甲的处理方式与鼻内窥镜手术

目的：探讨中鼻甲的处理方式与鼻内窥镜手术的关系。方法：对１９９５～１９９７年手术并随访６个月以上的１６９例完整资料，按照ＦＥＳＳ－９５广州标准对保留中鼻甲（Ⅰ型和Ⅱ型一期６１例）和部分切除中鼻甲（Ⅱ型二、三期和Ⅲ型１０８例）两组病人进行分析。结果：１６９例（２８０侧）中，治愈２０８侧（７４．３％）；好转５０侧（１７．９％）；无效２２侧（７．９％）。结论：对不同分期的慢性鼻窦炎、鼻息肉患者进行鼻内窥镜手术时，合理地处理中鼻甲是保证疗效的重要因素。     

鼻内窥镜下鼻窦鼻息肉手术75例疗效观察

目的：观察鼻内窥镜下鼻窦鼻息肉手术治疗的效果。方法：对75例（125侧）慢性鼻窦炎鼻息肉患者行鼻内窥镜下手术，术后随访1年。结果：治愈48例（64.0%），好转20例（26.7%），无效7例（9.3%），总有效率90.7%。术后并发症主要为鼻腔黏连。结论：鼻内窥镜下鼻窦鼻息肉手术治疗具有良好的疗效，术中正确处理中、下鼻甲及鼻中隔，术后定期随访可提高治愈率，减少并发症。     

中鼻甲部分切除术在鼻内镜手术中的作用评价

目的：评价中鼻甲部分切除术在慢性鼻-鼻窦炎患者鼻内镜手术后的疗效。方法对122例已行鼻内镜手术的慢性鼻-鼻窦炎患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析,采用视觉模拟量表（VAS）、鼻腔鼻窦结局测试-20中文版（SNOT-20 CV）量表、Lund-Mackay CT方法和Lund-Kennedy鼻内镜方法进行主客观评分,综合评价中鼻甲部分切除患者与中鼻甲保留患者治疗前后的临床疗效。结果①两组患者术前合并鼻息肉和/或鼻中隔偏曲发生率差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）,而单纯合并变应性鼻炎和/或支气管哮喘的发生率差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）;②两组患者术前CT及鼻内镜评分差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）,而VAS及SNOT-20CV评分差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）;③两组患者术后半年与术前鼻内镜评分的差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）,而VAS及SNOT-20CV评分差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论行中鼻甲部分切除的慢性鼻-鼻窦炎患者多合并鼻息肉和/或鼻中隔偏曲,与中鼻甲保留患者术前及术后的生存质量无明显差异,而行中鼻甲部分切除患者术后的内镜评分明显提高。     

鼻声反射在OSAS患者鼻功能评估中的应用

目的：探讨修正性鼻内镜手术联合中鼻甲切除术综合治疗难治性鼻-鼻窦炎的手术效果及应用价值。方法35例难治性鼻-鼻窦炎经CT检查、鼻内窥镜检查、局部用药等规范术前准备,行改良鼻丘径路额窦开放为主修正手术加中鼻甲全部或部分切除,术后凭鼻内镜保健手册进行定期复查,规范随访。26例合并鼻中隔偏曲者其中16例行内镜下传统矫正切除,10例行局限性矫正切除;15例合并变应性鼻炎者对下鼻甲前端、中鼻甲对应鼻中隔等部位黏膜电凝。结果35例患者门诊内镜随诊3-6月以上,治愈11例（31.4%）,黏膜完全上皮化;好转18例（51.4%）,黏膜可以上皮化,但变应性鼻炎发作时,术腔黏膜水肿,经局部处理及药物治疗后可恢复上皮化;无效6例（17.2%）。总有效率82.8%,6例无效均为合并变应性鼻炎及哮喘患者。结论修正性鼻内镜手术联合中鼻甲切除术综合治疗难治性鼻-鼻窦炎,疗效较为确切,值得临床推广。     

急性额窦炎内窥镜治疗的适应证和局限性

急性额窦炎不常见且通常对药物治疗敏感，偶有引起并发症或对药物不敏感的难治性病例，过去常用环钻术、外引流术或骨瓣成形术等方式，近年来随着影像学和内窥镜技术的发展，功能性内窥镜鼻窦手术（FESS）已广泛用于慢性和复发性鼻窦炎的治疗，但用FESS处理急性额窦炎仅有几篇报道。该作者对4例难治性急性额窦炎病例采用FESS治疗，并讨论了其适应证和局限性。其中3例为单纯急性额窦炎，均以一侧额痛为主诉，CT显示一侧颠窦腔全混浊，药物或外部手术治疗失败后，在全麻下藉内窥镜行部分中鼻甲和筛房切除、开放鼻额管重建额窦引流功能，…     

修正性鼻内镜手术联合中鼻甲切除术综合治疗难治性鼻-鼻窦炎

目的探讨修正性鼻内镜手术联合中鼻甲切除术综合治疗难治性鼻一鼻窦炎的手术效果及应用价值。方法35例难治性鼻一鼻窦炎经CT检查、鼻内窥镜检查、局部用药等规范术前准备,行改良鼻丘径路额窦开放为主修正手术加中鼻甲全部或部分切除,术后凭鼻内镜保健手册进行定期复查,规范随访。26例合并鼻中隔偏曲者其中16例行内镜下传统矫正切除,10例行局限性矫正切除;15例合并变应性鼻炎者对下鼻甲前端、中鼻甲对应鼻中隔等部位黏膜电凝。结果35例患者门诊内镜随诊3～6月以上,治愈11例（31．4％）,黏膜完全上皮化;好转18例（51．4％）,黏膜可以上皮化,但变应性鼻炎发作时,术腔黏膜水肿,经局部处理及药物治疗后可恢复上皮化;无效6例（17．2％）。总有效率82-8％,6例无效均为合并变应性鼻炎及哮喘患者。结论修正性鼻内镜手术联合中鼻甲切除术综合治疗难治性鼻鼻窦炎,疗效较为确切,值得临床推广。     

鼻内窥镜鼻窦手术中中鼻甲的处理方法和意义

中鼻甲在鼻腔生理功能方面发挥重要作用，又是鼻内窥镜鼻窦手术中极重要的解剖参考标志，所以强调术中保留中鼻甲。但中鼻甲自身解剖结构异常或存有病变，却可导致鼻腔鼻窦功能障碍，并有可能成为鼻窦炎的发源地。本文综合了１２１３例接受鼻内窥镜鼻窦手术的慢性鼻窦炎、鼻息肉患者中９７５例ＣＴ扫描和鼻内窥镜检查结果，并总结了鼻内窥镜鼻窦手术中和术后随访的体会，归纳提出中鼻甲与上颌骨额突（钩突附着缘）及鼻中镉的解剖结构     

鼻内窥镜下中鼻甲成形术

鼻内窥镜下中鼻甲成形术曾新力，胡碧玉我科自１９９３年开展鼻内窥镜手术以来，对３４例患者（５４侧）的病变中鼻甲进行了部分切除，收到良好的效果。现将手术情况及随访结果报道如下。一、材料和方法１．３４例患者中临床诊断为慢性鼻窦炎２６例，慢性肥厚性鼻炎７例，...     

鼻内窥镜手术的中鼻甲处理

探讨鼻内窥镜手术中鼻甲部分切除和保留中鼻甲与预后的关系。方法４０例双侧慢性窦炎鼻息肉患者,在鼻内窥镜手术中１侧切除术中鼻甲,另侧保留中鼻甲,观察术后鼻腔清理时间,粘连情况和手术前后觉变化。     

Treatment of isolated sphenoid sinus inflammatory disease by endoscopic sphenoidotomy without ethmoidectomy

OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS: Isolated chronic sphenoid sinusitis is a rare entity. The study was conducted to determine the efficacy of endoscopic sinus surgery with partial middle turbinectomy and without ethmoidectomy in treating isolated sphenoid opacification from inflammatory and infectious disease. STUDY DESIGN: Case series of 20 patients generated by retrospective review of 307 consecutive patients who underwent surgical treatment for chronic rhinosinusitis. METHODS: The medical records were reviewed for pertinent demographic, symptom, radiographic, and endoscopic data preoperatively, interoperatively, and postoperatively. All patients in the series underwent computed tomographic image-guided endoscopic sphenoid sinus surgery with partial middle turbinectomy. RESULTS: The study population consisted of 12 male and 8 female patients between 28 and 75 years of age. Headache (15 patients) and/or postnasal drip (14 patients) were the presenting symptoms in 17 of the patients. Three patients were asymptomatic. Surgical findings included inspissated secretions (15 patients), fungal debris (2 patients), and mucopyoceles (3 patients). The 17 patients with preoperative symptoms were symptom free by 12 weeks postoperatively and have remained so with follow-up ranging from 12 months to 3.25 years (mean follow-up, 23.1 mo). There were no operative complications in the series. CONCLUSIONS: Endoscopic sphenoid sinus surgery without ethmoidectomy is effective for treating isolated sphenoid sinus opacification associated with inflammatory or infectious sinus disease. Partial middle turbinectomy at the time of surgery facilitates the approach, as well as postoperative cleaning and surveillance.     

功能性鼻内窥镜手术不同中鼻甲处理方法 与疗效关系

目的探讨功能性鼻内窥镜手术不同中鼻甲处理方法与慢性鼻窦炎手术疗效及鼻功能恢复之间 的关系。方法为l62例、302侧慢性鼻窦炎和(或)鼻息肉患者行功能性鼻内窥镜手术。中鼻甲病变包括肥 厚及息肉样变。依中鼻甲切除与否分为中鼻甲切除组与保留组，按分层抽样、摒弃Ⅰ型和Ⅱ型l期病例的原 则分组。结果(1)中鼻甲保留组治愈、好转及无效分别为72％(36/50)、28％(14/50)和O；中鼻甲切除组治 愈、好转及无效分别为76％(38／50)、24％(12／50)和0。经x     

额下入路颅脑术后并发额窦炎的原因及处理

目的 探讨额下入路颅脑手术后并发额窦炎的原因、临床表现和治疗原则.方法额下入路颅脑手术后出现额窦炎的患者共33例,其中7例合并额窦脓肿,4例前额皮肤破溃瘘道.传统鼻外进路额窦手术23例,术后放置鼻额引流扩张管3个月以上;鼻内镜下额窦手术9例,鼻内镜和鼻外联合进路额窦手术1例,引流扩张管在出院前或出院后1个月内拔除.两种术式均需彻底清除额窦内骨蜡异物和炎性肉芽组织.复习颅脑手术病历结合鼻窦CT影像和额窦手术所见探讨并发额窦炎的原因.结果 33例患者均有颅脑术中开放额窦,将额窦黏膜下推或刮除,并以骨蜡填塞额窦的记录,其中5例有发生额窦炎后重新刮除额窦内黏膜并再次以骨蜡彻底封闭额窦的病史.所有患者均在拔除硅胶鼻额引流扩张管后随访半年以上.除2例鼻外进路手术的患者出院后1个月内鼻额引流扩张管脱落,经2次手术外,余31例均为1次手术.33例中30例治愈,3例好转.两种手术方式治疗效果相同.无脑脊液鼻漏等并发症.结论 额下入路颅脑术后并发额窦炎与颅脑术中额窦处理不当、额窦内骨蜡异物存留有关,此类额窦炎易形成额窦脓肿、瘘道等严重临床表现,治疗原则以清除额窦内骨蜡异物、清除炎性肉芽组织、开放额隐窝引流为主.传统鼻外进路额窦外科和鼻内镜额窦外科都可以达到治疗目的,但鼻内镜额窦外科具有微创、不必长期佩戴扩张管等优点.     

慢性鼻窦炎手术方法的探讨

目的：探讨治疗慢性鼻窦炎的手术方法及中鼻甲前端部分切除术在治疗慢性鼻窦炎中的作用。方法：对87例(155侧)慢性鼻窦炎患者，根据其发病原因及病情不同分为3类，采用相应的手术方法进行治疗。结果：第l类43侧，治愈39侧，好转4侧；第2类8l侧，治愈69侧，好转l0侧，无效2侧；第3类3l侧，治愈17侧，好转9侧，无效5侧。总治愈率为80．6％，有效率为95．5％。结论：对慢性鼻窦炎的手术治疗应因病因、病情不同，采用不同的手术方法，中鼻甲前端部分切除术对治疗慢性鼻窦炎具有重要作用。     

Middle turbinate resection: issues and controversies

Diversity of opinion continues to exist among otolaryngologists regarding the potential benefits of preservation or resection of the middle turbinate during endoscopic ethmoidectomy. Rhinologists in favor of middle turbinate preservation cite the potential loss of olfactory function as well as diminished humidification and filtration of inspired air following its resection. In addition, the middle turbinate remnant could lateralize, causing frontal recess obstruction and frontal sinusitis. In general, it is accepted that a diseased or flail middle turbinate should be resected during ethmoidectomy to create a marsupialized surgical bed. However, in the case of a structurally sound middle turbinate, indications for resection vary significantly. We are reporting on 100 primary endoscopic ethmoidectomies for chronic rhinosinusitis followed for at least 2 years. Of these 100 sides, 50 included conservative partial middle turbinectomy and 50 were performed with middle turbinate preservation. The postoperative clinical and endoscopic findings revealed no difference in the incidence of frontal sinusitis or frontal recess stenosis between groups. We compared additional data and present our technique of conservative middle turbinate resection, which preserves a portion of this structure as an important anatomic landmark.     

经鼻内镜微创手术治疗慢性额窦炎的探讨

目的 慢性额窦炎的鼻内镜术后复发在很大程度上是由于额隐窝和额窦口处理不当所致。本研究的目的在于探讨慢性额窦炎的临床病理解剖特点及其相应的手术处理原则，以期提高治疗效果。方法 经鼻内镜微创手术治疗慢性额窦炎58例(96侧)，根据额窦口和额隐窝的不同病变和解剖特征，采用不同的方法处理局部病变。结果 术中可见所有病例均有不同程度的中鼻道阻塞。额窦口和额隐窝情况：局部没有气房阻塞，仅有肿胀黏膜、息肉样变黏膜或者息肉阻塞者38侧(39．6％)；额隐窝被发育过度的鼻丘气房、筛泡气房或终末气房挤压导致额窦引流通道狭窄者34侧(35．4％)；额隐窝完全被发育过度、呈蛋壳样气房阻塞者为15侧(15．6％)；额窦自然口狭窄者9侧(9．4％)。额窦内病变情况：积脓、黏膜充血肿胀18侧；黏膜肿胀、充血21侧，黏膜充血49侧；黏膜未见明显病变8侧。随访6—20个月，其中治愈69侧(71．9％)，好转17侧(17．7％)，复发10侧(10．4％)，未见严重手术并发症。结论 窦口鼻道复合体和额隐窝的阻塞是慢性额窦炎的主要原因，额隐窝和额窦口阻塞有4种病理状态，应根据不同的病变采取不同的手术方式，手术疗效有待进一步提高。     

The endoscopic management of chronic frontal sinusitis associated with frontal sinus posterior table erosion

Expansile inflammatory diseases of the frontal sinuses may produce erosion of the posterior table of the frontal sinus. In these instances, the bone between sinus mucosa and intracranial dura is absent. Over the past decade, endoscopic frontal sinusotomy has emerged as the preferred technique for the treatment of refractory chronic frontal sinusitis. Endoscopic approaches also have a role in the most advanced instances of frontal sinusitis. A retrospective chart review of patients who were treated for frontal sinusitis with erosion of the frontal sinus posterior table was performed. Eight patients were identified. All patients underwent endoscopic frontal sinusotomy; some patients required multiple endoscopic procedures. Complete frontal recess dissection with identification of the frontal ostium was achieved for all involved frontal sinuses. In all cases, this postoperative result was monitored by CT scans (where indicated) and serial nasal endoscopy, which demonstrated good frontal sinus aeration and normal mucociliary clearance. Antibiotics were administered for culture-documented bacterial exacerbations, and systemic steroids were given for management of allergic fungal sinusitis and sinonasal polyposis associated with asthma. No patient underwent frontal sinus obliteration or cranialization. No suppurative intracranial complications were noted during the postoperative period. Endoscopic frontal sinusotomy can be used safely for the definitive management of frontal sinusitis associated with posterior table erosion. In fact, endoscopic techniques may represent the preferred approach for the treatment of this problem. Such an approach avoids the morbidity of more destructive alternatives (such as obliteration), and serves to create a frontal sinus with normal mucociliary clearance.     

鼻内镜联合显微镜行蝶窦及经蝶鞍区微创手术

目的探讨经单侧鼻腔直接入路行蝶窦及经蝶鞍区微创手术的方法。方法鼻内镜下用Hardy′s撑开器外移中鼻甲,扩大鼻腔,直达并开放蝶窦前壁,联合显微镜切除病变。结果12例孤立性蝶窦炎术后窦口开放良好,症状消失。9例蝶窦囊肿、脑膜瘤一次手术切除。1例蝶窦骨瘤术后症状消失。1例外伤性失明视神经管减压,术后视力无恢复。33例垂体瘤中 18例行全切除术,12例行次全切除术,3例行大部分切除术,术后补充X刀治疗。56例术后随访6个月～3.5年,蝶窦炎、蝶窦囊肿、脑膜瘤、蝶窦骨瘤术后无复发,3例垂体腺瘤复发,无颅内及鼻腔并发症。结论鼻内镜联合显微镜经单侧鼻腔直接入路行蝶窦及经蝶鞍区手术,创伤小、时间短、出血少、并发症少、效果好,是目前较好的蝶窦及经蝶鞍区微创术式。