超声造影鉴别肝脏局灶性病变良恶性的临床意义

目的评价超声造影技术在鉴别良恶性肝脏局灶性病变中的临床意义,并与常规超声比较。方法 83例经穿刺活检及手术或临床证实的肝脏局灶性病变(38例恶性和45例良性)均经常规超声和超声造影检查,对肝脏局灶性病变在造影检查中的强化型式与时相特征逐例进行了观察与记录,并用卡方检验比较了两种方法对肝脏局灶性病变的诊断效能。结果肝脏局灶性病变随其良性与恶性而表现为不同的强化型式与时相特征。超声造影正确诊断34例恶性和43例良性病变,其诊断敏感性、特异性和准确性分别为89.5%、95.6%和92.8%,而常规超声正确诊断23例恶性和22例良性病变,其诊断敏感性、特异性和准确性分别为60.5%、48.9%和54.2%。两种方法诊断效能比较有统计学差异(P<0.01)。结论超声造影技术在肝脏局灶性病变良恶性鉴别诊断中具有重要的临床应用价值,并可取代常规超声。     

Late-phase pulse-inversion sonography using the contrast agent levovist: differentiation between benign and malignant focal lesions of the liver

OBJECTIVE: We assessed the ability of contrast-enhanced sonography to reveal differences between benign and malignant focal hepatic lesions. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: We examined 67 patients with focal hepatic lesions in a prospective study. The causes of the lesions were confirmed by histology, CT, MR imaging, or scintigraphy. The liver was screened for focal lesions using sonography. Thereafter, 2 g of Levovist (300 mg/mL; 1 mL/sec) was injected IV as a bolus. After a delay of at least 2.5 min without scanning, the liver was examined via three different scans using pulse-inversion sonography. RESULTS: For the discrimination of malignant versus benign liver lesions, contrast-enhanced sonography improved sensitivity from 85% to 100% and specificity from 30% to 63%, as compared with baseline sonography. Receiver operating characteristic analysis revealed a significant improvement in this discrimination (A(z) = 0.692 +/- 0.065 at baseline sonography, A(z) = 0.947 +/- 0.037 with contrast-enhanced sonography, p < 0.001). Furthermore, a lower interobserver variability was found for contrast-enhanced sonography (weighted kappa = 0.947), as compared with baseline sonography (weighted kappa = 0.469). All lesions that had homogeneous enhancement in the late phase of Levovist enhancement were benign. In distinction, 90% of lesions without contrast enhancement in the late phase were malignant. All lesions were malignant that were isoechoic (invisible) on baseline sonography but visible because of lack of enhancement after injection. CONCLUSION: Contrast-enhanced sonography has greater specificity and sensitivity than baseline sonography for the differentiation of benign and malignant liver lesions.     

ADC值在鉴别肝脏良恶性局灶性病变的应用价值

目的 评价ADC值在鉴别肝脏良恶性局灶性病变(focal liver lesion,FLL)的诊断价值.方法 采用signa 3.0T MR对306例共391个FLL进行屏气DWI成像(b=800s/mm2),包括肝囊肿78灶,成熟肝脓肿23灶,肝血管瘤39灶,FNH\肝腺瘤17灶,原发性肝癌121灶,胆管细胞癌45灶,肝转移癌68灶.DWI图像经GE公司AW4.2工件站后处理得到ADC图,测量以上各类病灶的ADC值,统计分析良恶性性FLL的ADC值及其差异.结果 良恶性FLL的平均ADC值(×10-3 mm2/s)分别为2.63±0.35、1.18士0.41,差异有统计学意义(P=0.007).以ADC≤1.64×10-3 mm2/s诊断恶性FLL的敏感性、特异性和准确率分别为:87％、81％、84％.结论 恶性FLL的ADC值明显低于良性,以ADC值能明显提高对肝脏局灶性病变良恶性的鉴别诊断能力.     

Contrast-enhanced imaging features and differentiation of benign and malignant focal splenic lesions

To assess the value of imaging features for differentiating malignant from benign focal splenic lesions, 79 pathologically proved cases with contrast-enhanced CT or MRI were retrospectively studied. The morphological characteristics were assessed and the enhancement patterns were classified into five categories. After multivariate logistic analysis, the lesion margin and enhancement patterns were significantly different between benign and malignant lesions. The combination of ill-defined margin and hypovascular enhancement for suggesting malignant lesions had a good specificity (94.9%) and accuracy (89.9%). Morphological and enhancement characteristics on CT/MRI may be valuable in differentiating malignant from benign focal splenic lesions.     

Transrectal sonography of benign and malignant prostatic lesions

Using linear-array transrectal prostate sonography, malignant lesions in 43 patients and benign lesions in 74 patients were evaluated. Prostate sonography was sensitive to textural changes produced by both benign and malignant diseases. However, there was considerable overlap in the sonographic appearances of benign and malignant lesions, and there were no sonographic features that reliably predicted malignancy. Hyperechoic areas were present in 58% of the carcinomas, while 19% were purely hypoechoic. Lesions containing hypoechoic foci that were posterior or posterolateral had a high incidence of cancer. The results confirm the need to biopsy all suspicious palpable lesions of the prostate.     

The role of MR diffusion in differentiation of malignant and benign hepatic focal lesions

Aim

To determine if focal liver masses could be differentiated as benign or malignant by DWI and ADC maps.

Methods and materials

Sixty focal liver lesions were scanned using 1.5 T MRI. DWI was performed with b 0, b 500 and b 1000 gradients with ADC measurements. Comparison of mean ADC values between each benign and malignant lesion was done. Reference standard of diagnosis was obtained by correlating DWI with histopathologic findings and imaging follow-up. The accuracies of DWI and ADC values were assessed with the Student’s t test, and cut-off values were determined with receiver operating characteristic curve analysis.

Results

When ADC value of 1.0 × 10⁻³ mm²/s was used as a threshold value for differentiation of malignant tumors from benign lesions, sensitivity was 90.3%, specificity 78.57% and accuracy 86.7%. The best result was obtained with the use of ADC cut off value (at b 500) of 1.5 × 10⁻³ mm²/s and ADC cut off value (at b 1000) of 1.0 × 10⁻³ mm²/s, with 90.3% sensitivity, 92.86% specificity, 91.1% accuracy, 96.6% positive predictive value and 81.3% negative predictive value.

Conclusion

DWI and ADC map is a useful tool in differential diagnosis of malignant from benign liver lesions.     

超声造影鉴别甲状腺良恶性结节的价值

目的应用超声造影观察甲状腺良恶性结节血流灌注特征,探讨超声造影鉴别甲状腺良恶性结节的价值。方法对28例患者28个甲状腺结节行超声造影检查,观察甲状腺结节超声造影增强特征,应用Qontraxt定量分析软件对甲状腺良恶性结节血流灌注特征进行时间-强度曲线分析。定量参数包括峰值强度(Peak)、达峰时间(TP)、曲线尖度(Sharpness)及曲线下面积(AUC)。结果①甲状腺良性结节造影后多边界清晰,形态规则,以低强化多见。②甲状腺恶性结节造影后多边界不清,形态欠规则,以等强化及低强化为主。③甲状腺良恶性结节的强化类型差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),具有一定的重叠性。环状强化更多出现在良性结节中。④甲状腺恶性结节达峰时间短于良性结节,曲线尖度、曲线下面积高于良性结节,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论甲状腺良、恶性结节的超声造影增强特征及时间-强度曲线存在一定的重叠性,但其与结节的病理生理密切相关,可以为甲状腺结节良恶性的鉴别提供有效的、补充性信息,有一定的诊断价值。     

Detection of focal liver lesions in cirrhotic liver using contrast-enhanced ultrasound

Patients with liver cirrhosis are at increased risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Conventional or baseline ultrasound (BUS) is often used as the first-line tool for HCC surveillance or detection, but the accuracy of BUS in HCC detection or differentiation from other focal liver lesions (FLLs) is limited. Contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) represents a recent revolution in the field of ultrasonography and it has become increasingly important in the detection and evaluation of FLLs. In CEUS, HCC typically exhibits arterial hyper-enhancement and portal-venous washout represented by hypo-enhanced lesions in the portal venous and late phases. The detection rate of HCC was significantly higher with CEUS compared with BUS. Even regenerative or some dysplastic nodules may exhibit arterial hyper-enhancement as they are differentiated from HCC by its iso-enhancing pattern in portal and late phases. The contrast-enhancement patterns of other different types of benign and malignant FLLs, as well as their detection rates with CEUS, were also discussed.     

Real-time contrast-enhanced ultrasound imaging of focal liver lesions in fatty liver

PurposeThe objective of this study was to investigate the contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) imaging features of focal liver lesions (FLLs) in fatty liver.MethodOne hundred FLLs in 98 patients with fatty liver were evaluated with real-time CEUS.ResultsAll malignant FLLs showed hyperenhancement in arterial phase and contrast washout in portal and late phases. Among the FLLs, 3.3% of hemangiomas, 12.5% of focal nodular hyperplasias (FNHs), and 2.5% of focal fatty sparing lesions showed contrast washout in the late phase. The sensitivity and specificity for the characterization of hepatocellular carcinoma, metastasis, hemangioma, FNH, and focal fatty sparing lesions were 100% and 95.6%, 60% and 100%, 93.3% and 98.6%, 87.5% and 97.8%, and 92.6% and 100%, respectively.ConclusionsCorrect characterization of FLLs in fatty liver by CEUS is possible based on their typical enhancement patterns.     

Benign focal liver lesions: discrimination from malignant mimickers

Focal lesions of the liver often have various imaging characteristics which may be interpreted as either benign or malignant. Understanding the underlying pathophysiology of these liver lesions may lead to characteristic imaging manifestations, which direct the radiologist to the diagnosis. Benign lesions include congenital hepatic cyst, autosomal dominant polycystic disease, hemangioma, focal nodular hyperplasia (FNH), hepatic adenoma, inflammatory pseudotumor, peliosis hepatis, focal fatty infiltration, hamartoma, and infectious processes such as hepatic abscess, echinococcal cyst, and candidiasis. Characteristic imaging features, clinical symptoms, and treatment/prognosis will be discussed. Emphasis will be placed on key reliable features of each disease to develop a method of discriminating these lesions from other benign and malignant disorders.     

超声造影与CT增强扫描对肝占位性病变的诊断价值比较

目的 :对比超声造影与CT增强扫描在肝占位性病变中的诊断价值,为临床诊断肝占位性病变提供参考依据。方法 :回顾性分析71例肝占位性病变患者的临床资料,比较超声造影与CT增强扫描的诊断阳性率,对比2种检查方法的诊断价值。结果:超声造影对肝癌、肝血管瘤及肝局灶性结节增生的诊断阳性率分别为83.33%、88.00%及82.14%,而CT增强扫描分别为88.89%、92.00%及85.71%,2种检查方法的诊断阳性率比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。此外,2种检查方法对肝癌、肝血管瘤及肝局灶性结节增生均具有较高的诊断效能(P0.05)。结论:超声造影与CT增强扫描对肝占位性病变的诊断价值相当。     

Hepatic tumors in children: ultrasonic differentiation of malignant from benign lesions

The authors studied 21 hepatic tumors in children using B-scan and real-time ultrasound as well as angiography. The final diagnosis was established surgically. Cystic tumors and hemangioendotheliomas were excluded. In all but one malignant tumor (15/16), ultrasound showed absence of one branch of the portal vein in the area of the tumor. Partial amputation of intrahepatic portal branches was confirmed angiographically in all cases. In all 6 benign tumors, ultrasound demonstrated a patent portal system despite compression by tumor. These findings were confirmed angiographically. No specific echo pattern allowing differentiation between benign and malignant tumors was found. The authors conclude that ultrasonic differentiation between malignant and benign hepatic tumors in children is possible, provided that special attention is given to the intrahepatic vessels.     

超声造影对良恶性肝脏局灶性病变的鉴别诊断价值

目的：探讨超声造影（CEUS）对良恶性肝脏局灶性病变（FLL）的鉴别诊断价值。方法：应用超声造影反向脉冲谐波显像（PIH）技术实时观察52例（57个病灶）FLL血流灌注增强方式,并通过TIC定量参数对FLL血流灌注进行定量评估。结果：37个恶性病灶与20个良性病灶比较,各参数（始增时间、达峰时间、峰值强度、始消时间、消退后强度、峰值强度与延迟期强度差值）差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。当将病灶峰值强度与消退后的差值为7dB作为鉴别诊断良、恶性病灶的区分点时,诊断良、恶性病变的符合率分别为91%和90%。结论：肝脏局灶性病灶峰值强度和消退后强度的差值对于FLL的良恶性鉴别诊断有重要价值。