路径护理干预对重症烧伤患者急救期营养状态的影响

目的 分析路径护理干预对重症烧伤患者急救期营养状态的影响.方法 选取我院2018年4月至2020年4月收治的88例重症烧伤患者作为研究对象,按照护理方法的不同将其分为对照组(n=44)与试验组(n=44).对照组接受常规护理,试验组在对照组基础上接受路径护理.比较两组干预前、后营养状态、疼痛程度、生活质量及护理满意度....     

Basic nutritional guidelines for pediatric burn patients

This article has described current recommendations for nutritional support of the burned pediatric patient. A checklist for monitoring the progress of pediatric burn patients from admission to discharge is included.     

Assessment and monitoring of nutritional status in patients with advanced cancer: part 1

Using a qualitative approach, this study set out to explore nurses' management of patients with advanced cancer, weight loss and eating-associated problems. Extreme weight loss is commonly seen in patients with incurable solid tumour cancer and, to date, it has proved difficult to manage successfully. Currently, little is known about how nurses (often directly involved in the delivery of palliative care) assess weight loss and nutritional status in everyday practice in order to provide appropriate support. In this study, 14 semi-structured interviews were conducted with nurses from both hospital and community settings. The findings revealed that many nurses did not routinely provide early identification and assessment of nutritional status including weight loss, nor did they continue to monitor the patient's progress or deterioration. Many nurses were reluctant to initiate conversations with cancer patients about weight loss, but instead waited for patients and relatives to raise their concerns. As a result, it is likely that informal assessment may have resulted in the reactive style of nutritional management seen. However, nurses interviewed received limited training, but were keen to learn more about nutritional assessment and management.     

Impact of nutritional status on peritonitis in CAPD patients.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the impact of nutritional status on peritonitis in patients on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) in a developing country. METHODS: 56 patients with end-stage renal disease on CAPD were randomly selected for this study. These patients were assessed for nutritional status and peritonitis episodes. Nutritional parameters were assessed by anthropometry, diet, body mass index (BMI), Nutritional Risk Index (NRI), serum albumin level, and Subjective Global Assessment (SGA). Based on SGA, patients were categorized into either group 1 (malnutrition, n = 31) or group 2 (normal nutritional status, n = 25). Peritonitis was considered the primary outcome and was compared between the two groups. RESULTS: Demographic profiles, Kt/V, creatinine clearance, and mean follow-up of the two groups were similar. Number of peritonitis episodes was significantly higher in patients with malnutrition (25/31) compared to patients with normal nutritional status (4/25) (p = 0.001). Mean peritonitis rate per patient per year was also significantly higher in patients with malnutrition (0.99 +/- 1.07) compared to patients with normal nutritional status (0.18 +/- 0.42) (p = 0.007). On univariate analysis, malnutrition based on SGA (p = 0.009), NRI (p = 0.02), serum albumin level (p = 0.005), and calorie intake (p = 0.006) was a significant predictor of peritonitis. On multivariate Cox regression analysis, only SGA (p = 0.001, odds ratio 0.08, 95% confidence interval 0.02-0.36) was found to be a significant predictor of peritonitis. On general linear model, the observed power of prediction of peritonitis was 0.96 based on SGA. On Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, peritonitis-free survival in patients with normal nutrition (42 months) was significantly higher compared to patients with malnutrition (21 months) based on SGA (log rank p = 0.003). CONCLUSION: We conclude that peritonitis rate is high in patients with malnutrition and that malnutrition indices, especially SGA, can predict the peritonitis rate in CAPD patients.     

血液透析患者营养状况的评估方法研究

目的:探讨主观整体评估法(subjective global assessment,SGA)用于评估血液透析患者营养状况的实用性、客观性和可行性.方法:分别用SGA和客观营养指标评估114例血液透析患者的营养状况,将SGA与各种客观营养指标进行相关分析.结果:SGA评分均值为(5.9±1.0)分;SGA评估属轻、中度营养不良63例(55%),重度营养不良9例(8%),营养不良发生率为63%.SGA评分与有关客观营养指标呈显著相关.结论:SGA与其他客观营养指标密切相关,该法不需要血标本、费用低廉,因此对血液透析患者营养评估具有客观性、可行性和实用性.     

严重烧伤病人营养支持的护理

营养支持在治疗严重烧伤病人中的作用已被肯定并广泛应用 ,而营养护理又直接关系到营养支持治疗的效果。 1998年—2 0 0 3年 ,我院对 46例严重烧伤病人进行了营养支持治疗及护理 ,取得了满意效果。现介绍如下。1　资料与方法1.1　临床资料　 1998年— 2 0 0 3年我院收治 46例严     

饮食治疗对糖尿病肾病维持性血液透析患者营养不良的作用

目的 探讨饮食治疗对糖尿病肾病维持性血液透析患者营养不良的作用.方法 通过对29例糖尿病肾病维持性血液透析患者营养状况的评估,进行饮食知识调查,然后给予饮食治疗3个月,以人体测量学、血生化作为评价指标,并对饮食治疗前后情况进行分析评估.结果 多数患者对饮食知识缺乏了解,饮食治疗3个月后,饮食知识缺乏和各项营养指标均有改善.结论 饮食知识缺乏是糖尿病肾病血液透析患者营养不良的主要原因,对患者进行饮食指导,坚持饮食治疗可以改善患者营养不良.     

Assessing nutritional status of acute intermittent porphyria patients

Eur J Clin Invest 2012; 42 (9): 943-952 ABSTRACT: Background Acute intermittent porphyria (AIP) is a metabolic disease of haem synthesis, whose haem precursors may accumulate in the body. A well-balanced diet may prevent the symptoms, so that porphyric patients should be monitored closely during therapy for possible complications concerning any progression of acute porphyria. The aim was to evaluate the nutritional status of patients with AIP and to assess their compliance with nutritional recommendations, comparing the findings with a control group and assessing any possible nutritional deficiency. Material and Methods Sixteen patients with AIP and a control group were evaluated by means of a lifestyle questionnaire, the Nutrition Screening Initiative checklist and a dietary questionnaire. The following diet quality indicators were calculated: animal and vegetal proteins, protein quality index, PUFA/SFA and MUFA?+?PUFA/SFA ratios, insoluble dietary fibre (DF)/total DF, soluble DF/total DF and insoluble DF/soluble DF ratios, thiamine, riboflavin and niacin density and the vitamin B6/protein ratio. Statistical methods Differences in continuous variables were compared using the unpaired Student's t-test and the chi-square test for nonparametric variables. The odds ratio (OR) of malnutrition was also used. Results Our patients showed a low intake of carbohydrates, a high lipid intake and very high protein intake, and accompanied by an inadequate intake of zinc, folic acid and tocopherol, increasing the risk of malnutrition for energy, Ca, Fe, Mg, K, folic acid and tocopherols. Conclusions The patients with AIP studied individually show an increased risk of malnutrition and, given the potential increase of oxidative stress in patients with porphyria, it is recommended that they should increase their intake of carbohydrates, minerals and antioxidant nutrients.     

维持性血液透析患者营养状况分析

目的采用主观全面评定法(SGA)对维持性血液透析(MHD)患者进行营养评价,探讨MHD患者饮食蛋白质、能量摄入与营养不良的关系。方法由专职营养师对106例患者进行膳食调查,并采取SGA法对患者进行营养状态评价,同时对患者进行人体测量和实验室检查。结果SGA评价:营养状况正常69例,占65.09%;中度营养不良28例,占26.41%;重度营养不良9例,占8.49%。营养正常组与中度营养不良组相比较,体质量、每日能量摄入、上臂围、上臂肌围、白蛋白、前白蛋白差异有统计学意义;营养正常组与重度营养不良组比较,除上述差异外,年龄、透析龄、每日标准体质量蛋白质摄入、血红蛋白、三酰甘油水平也差异有统计学意义。结论透析患者营养不良与年龄、透析龄、每日标准体质量蛋白质和能量摄入有关。     

序贯肠内营养支持对食道癌患者术后营养状况的影响

目的观察不同营养支持方式对食道癌患者术后营养状况的影响。方法选择食道癌患者42例,随机分为序贯肠内营养支持组及整蛋白肠内营养支持组,分别于术前、术后第1天、第10天测定营养及胃肠道相关指标并进行对比分析。结果术后第1天2组患者营养指标均较术前下降(P<0.05),但同期2组间比较无统计学意义。术后第10天,2组患者血清前白蛋白、转铁蛋白、外周血淋巴细胞计数均有上升,相对整蛋白肠内营养支持组,序贯肠内营养支持组升高更为显著,腹泻、腹胀发生率更低。结论序贯肠内营养支持较整蛋白肠内营养支持能更有效地提升食道癌术后患者的营养状况,并减少胃肠道不适,是更有效的营养支持方案。     

Metabolic and hormonal effects of early nutritional supplementation after surgery in burn patients

We evaluated, in burn patients, the metabolic and hormonal effects of early nutritional supplementation after a severe stress event represented by the deep surgical excision of the burn wounds and autograft coverage. The surgical procedure induced a 50% increase from baseline value of the resting metabolic rate. Immediate nutritional supplementation avoids the adaptive stress-related increments of urinary catecholamine excretion and glucagon secretion while insulin secretion is maintained. The urinary cortisol excretion, significantly increased after surgery in study and control groups, was unaffected by the nutritional intervention. The favorable insulin/glucagon ratio and the control of catecholamine response in early nutritionally supplemented patients are associated with the maintenance of a positive N balance in the days after surgery.     

Laboratory assessment of prolactin status.

The laboratory assessment of prolactin status was evaluated by detailed study of 921 subjects (587 normal subjects and 334 patients with pathological conditions). The effect on serum prolactin levels of age, sex, circadian rhythm, pulsatility of secretion, stress, drug ingestion, and pregnancy was defined in normal subjects. The normal prolactin responses to stimulation (TRH metoclopramide) and suppression (L-dopa, bromocriptine) were also determined. Basal prolactin levels were measured in patients with defined pathological conditions including prolactinoma, idiopathic hyperprolactinaemia, acromegaly, Cushing's disease, chronic renal failure, primary hypothyroidism, pituitary ablation, Kallman's syndrome, Nelson's syndrome, growth hormone deficiency, gonadotrophin deficiency, craniopharyngioma, panhypopituitarism, and chronic progressive arthropathy. Based on these data, a strategy for the routine laboratory assessment of prolactin status is outlined.