雌激素对慢性脑缺血大鼠认知功能及突触素的影响

目的 研究苯甲酸雌二醇对慢性脑缺血大鼠认知功能及突触素的影响.方法 采用双侧颈总动脉永久性结扎制备慢性脑缺血模型,30只大鼠随机分为3组,A组:假手术组;B组:缺血组;C组:雌激素治疗组.各组于手术60d后,应用Y迷宫、免疫组化及图像分析系统测定大鼠认知功能及海马、齿状回突触素的含量.结果 治疗组较缺血组认知障碍明显改善(P＜0.01),与假手术组相比,缺血组突触素的含量明显下降,治疗组以上变化明显减轻(P＜0.01).结论 苯甲酸雌二醇能改善慢性脑缺血大鼠的认知功能,这可能与增加大鼠脑内突触素的含量有关.     

侧脑室注射重组人血管生长素对脑缺血再灌注大鼠的影响

目的观察经大鼠侧脑室注射重组人血管生长素(Angiogen in,ANG)对脑缺血再灌注大鼠的影响。方法线栓法制备大鼠脑缺血再灌注模型,大鼠随机分成4组:ANG治疗组、牛血清白蛋白对照组、MCAO对照组及假手术组,观察大鼠体重的变化,并于治疗3d后进行HE染色、细胞凋亡检测以及vWF因子免疫组织化学染色。结果脑缺血再灌注3d后ANG治疗组大鼠与MCAO对照组及牛血清白蛋白对照组相比,体重显著降低(P<0.05),缺血脑区神经元变性、坏死、间质水肿以及胶质细胞增生程度减轻,凋亡阳性细胞数明显减少(P<0.05),微血管计数增加(P<0.05)。结论侧脑室注射ANG可改善脑缺血大鼠脑内间质水肿和神经元变性,降低凋亡细胞数量,增加微血管数量。ANG可降低脑缺血大鼠体重。     

流式细胞技术分析大鼠缺血性脑卒中后脑组织内T细胞的变化

目的使用流式细胞技术分析缺血性脑卒中后大鼠脑组织及血标本内T细胞的变化。方法应用电凝阻断大脑中动脉,建立局部脑缺血模型。大鼠随机分为缺血性脑卒中组和假手术组,分别应用流式细胞技术分析术后72 h脑组织及血标本内CD3+细胞的变化。结果大鼠脑缺血后72 h,脑组织内CD3+细胞比例升高,血标本内CD3+细胞比例未见明显升高。结论流式细胞技术成功检测脑组织内淋巴细胞变化。T细胞可能在大鼠脑缺血损伤中发挥重要作用。     

养血清脑颗粒对大脑缺血再灌注损伤认知功能改善作用分析

为了明确养血清脑颗粒对大脑缺血再灌注后有无认知功能改善,我科取3组大鼠做如下试验,经过分析总结归纳如下. 1材料与方法 1.1材料取成年雄性大鼠36只,提供充足食物、水,室温(25±1)℃ 1.2方法制备双侧颈总动脉结扎术后慢性脑缺血动物模型[1]胆碱能系统:每组取6只大鼠,分3组:(1)假手术组,不闭索双侧颈总动脉;(2)缺血再灌注组,该组夹闭大鼠双颈总动脉30min,而后解除结扎造成缺血再灌注损伤;(3)服用养血清脑水剂后夹闭大鼠双颈总动脉30min,而后解除结扎造成缺血再灌注损伤.     

细胞凋亡在大鼠急、慢性脑缺血中对比研究

目的 探讨细胞凋亡在大鼠急，慢性脑缺血中的作用机制。方法 应用线栓法和双侧颈总动脉结扎方法制备急，慢性脑缺血大鼠模型。应用TUNEL染色，流式细胞术检测神经细胞凋亡。结果 TUNEL和流式细胞术（FCM）检查发现急性脑缺血大鼠3d左右神经细胞凋亡十分明显，持续28d；颈动脉结扎后1-2周神经细胞凋亡明显高于对照组，4周以后明显下降或正常。结论 在急性脑缺血时神经细胞凋亡的数量多。且持续的时间长，慢性脑缺血时神经细胞凋亡不明显。     

养血清脑颗粒对硝酸甘油偏头痛模型大鼠三叉神经脊束核c-Fos蛋白表达的影响

目的观察养血清脑颗粒对硝酸甘油偏头痛模型大鼠脑干三叉神经脊束核c-Fos蛋白表达变化的影响。方法共90只雄性Wistar大鼠,分别于皮下注射硝酸甘油建立偏头痛动物模型之前(预防组)、模型制备后(治疗组)接受高剂量(0.32 g/ml)或低剂量(0.16 g/ml)养血清脑颗粒治疗,行为学评价后行免疫组织化学染色检测大鼠三叉神经脊束核神经元c-Fos蛋白表达水平。结果模型组大鼠各观察时间点(30、60、180 min)三叉神经脊束核神经元c-Fos蛋白表达水平与高、低剂量治疗组之间差异无统计学意义(均P0.05);但高于高剂量预防组(P=0.031,0.000,0.000),并于制模后60和180 min时高于低剂量预防组(均P=0.000);制模后30 min时高剂量预防组大鼠三叉神经脊束核神经元c-Fos蛋白表达水平低于低剂量预防组(P=0.029)。结论预防性应用养血清脑颗粒可以显著降低三叉神经脊束核c-Fos蛋白表达水平。提示养血清脑颗粒对偏头痛的预防作用大于治疗作用,其机制可能与降低三叉神经脊束核c-Fos蛋白表达水平有关。     

神经节苷脂对大鼠脑缺血再灌注损伤的脑保护作用

目的探讨神经节苷脂对大鼠脑缺血再灌注损伤的脑保护作用。方法采用线栓法制作缺血再灌注大鼠模型,分别用神经节苷脂(治疗组)和生理盐水(对照组)腹腔注射。观察两组大鼠缺血90min、缺血90min再灌注24h的脑梗死面积、神经功能缺损程度、细胞凋亡数、细胞凋亡率。结果治疗组大鼠于相同时间点脑梗死面积较对照组明显减小,仅表现轻度的神经功能缺损,且神经细胞的凋亡数较对照组显著减少(均P<0.01)。结论神经节苷脂能明显减小大鼠实验性脑缺血的脑梗死面积,减轻脑缺血再灌注后神经功能缺损程度,显著减轻缺血区神经元损害,具有显著的脑保护作用。     

慢性脑缺血信号转导和转录激活因子-1的表达

目的 探讨慢性脑缺血大脑皮质及海马STAT-1的变化.方法 采用免疫组织化学和激光共聚焦方法观察慢性脑缺血大鼠脑中STAT-1蛋白表达变化.结果 STAT-1免疫反应阳性细胞在正常和假手术大鼠脑内发现有少量表达;缺血30d组,STAT-1蛋白阳性细胞分布于皮层及海马,细胞数量明显多于非缺血组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 STAT-1可能参与慢性脑缺血大鼠神经细胞死亡的诱导.     

联合应用骨髓基质细胞与bcl-2基因对脑缺血大鼠的神经保护作用

目的 探讨联合应用骨髓基质细胞(MSC)与bcl-2基因对大鼠脑缺血再灌注损伤后神经细胞凋亡和细胞色素C蛋白表达的影响.方法 采用改良线栓法制成大脑中动脉闭塞大鼠模型.将30只Wistar大鼠随机分为空白对照组、MSC组及MSC+bcl-2组3组,每组10只.MSC+bcl-2组于大鼠脑缺血再灌注3 h后经颈动脉注入pLXSN-bcl-2质粒,MSC组及MSC+bcl-2组于大鼠脑缺血再灌注24 h后经尾静脉植入MSC.各组于再灌注后7 d进行神经功能评分,采用免疫组化法检测脑组织细胞色素C蛋白表达,通过TUNEL法检测细胞凋亡情况.结果 再灌注7 d后,MSC组和MSC+bcl-2组大鼠神经功能缺损评分明显低于空白对照组(P<0.05),MSC+bcl-2组大鼠神经功能评分明显低于MSC组(P<0.05);MSC组和MSC+bcl-2组大鼠细胞色素C免疫反应阳性细胞较空白对照组明显减少(P<0.05),MSC+bcl-2组大鼠细胞色素C免疫反应阳性细胞较MSC组明显减少(P<0.05);空白对照组大鼠缺血侧凋亡细胞明显多于MSC组和MSC+bcl-2组(P<0.05),MSC+bcl-2组大鼠凋亡细胞明显少于MSC组(P<0.05).结论 MSC和bcl-2基因联合治疗脑缺血大鼠可下调其组织细胞色素C表达及抑制神经细胞凋亡,促进大鼠神经功能恢复.     

大鼠脑局灶缺血／再灌注对外周血单个核CD34^＋细胞的影响

目的本研究探讨大鼠脑局灶缺血/再灌注是否影响外周血单个核CD34+细胞的数量.方法采用大鼠大脑中动脉(MCA)缺血/再灌注线栓法模型,将大鼠随机分为3组对照组,假手术组,动物模型组.取再灌注后1、3、6、12 h和1、2、3、4、7、14 d,10个观察点,测外周血单个核CD34+表达情况.结果大鼠脑缺血/再灌注模型中外周血单个核CD34+细胞在再灌注后1 h～2 d无明显变化,在脑缺血/再灌注后3～7 d明显减少,14 d后恢复.结论大鼠脑缺血/再灌注模型再灌注后1 h～2 d再灌注后外周血单个核CD34+细胞没有变化,在脑缺血/再灌注后3～7 d明显减少.     

Physical and Sexual Abuse and Neglect and Eating Disorder Symptoms

For eating-disordered patients with a history of post-traumatic stress, childhood abuse and neglect, and dissociative disorder, eating behavior symptoms may function as a rational response to unmetabolized traumatic experiences. This paper will review trauma-based theory, dissociation, abreactive, and ego-states therapy as they apply to eating disorder patients.     

Efficacy and Effectiveness of Child and Adolescent Psychotherapy and Pharmacotherapy

Decades of intervention research have produced a rich body of evidence on the effects of psychotherapies and pharmacotherapies with children and adolescents. Here we summarize and critique that evidence. We review findings bearing on the efficacy of psychosocial treatments and medications under controlled experimental conditions. We also report evidence, where available, on the effectiveness of both classes of treatment with clinically referred youth treated in real-world clinical contexts. In general, the large body of evidence on efficacy contrasts sharply with the small base of evidence on effectiveness. Addressing this gap through an enriched research agenda could contribute importantly to linking scientific inquiry and clinical practice—to the benefit of both ventures. This is one element of a multifaceted agenda for future research and for synthesis of research, which will require the interplay of multiple disciplines related to child and adolescent mental health.     

Presence and severity of anorexia and bulimia among male and female Omani and non-Omani adolescents

OBJECTIVE: The population of Oman is a heterogeneous mix of nationalities providing a natural setting for studying the cross-cultural differences in the presence and severity of eating disorders as well as an opportunity for evaluating the performance of measurement instruments for these disorders. METHOD: Disordered eating screening instruments (the Eating Attitude Test and the Bulimic Investigatory Test) were administered to Omani teenagers, non-Omani teenagers, and Omani adults. RESULTS: On the Eating Attitude Test, 33% of Omani teenagers (29.4% females and 36.4% males) and 9% of non-Omani teenagers (7.5% of males and 10.6% females) showed a propensity for anorexic-like behavior. On the Bulimic Investigatory Test, 12.3% of Omani teenagers showed a propensity for binge eating or bulimia (13.7% females and 10.9% males). Among the non-Omani teenagers, 18.4% showed a tendency toward bulimia, with females showing a slightly greater tendency than males. In contrast, barely 2% of Omani adults showed either a presence of or a severity of disorderly behavior with food. CONCLUSION: Omani teenagers scored significantly higher than other ethnic groups and Omani adults. This finding is discussed in the light of emerging evidence from many parts of the world suggesting that cultural transition, compounded by demographic constraints, plays a significant role in abnormal eating attitudes.     

Physical and Sexual Abuse and Neglect and Eating Disorder Symptoms

Abstract

For eating-disordered patients with a history of post-traumatic stress, childhood abuse and neglect, and dissociative disorder, eating behavior symptoms may function as a rational response to unmetabolized traumatic experiences. This paper will review trauma-based theory, dissociation, abreactive, and ego-states therapy as they apply to eating disorder patients.     

Micro-affirmations and Recovery for Persons with Mental Health and Alcohol and Drug Problems: User and Professional Experience-Based Practice and Knowledge

Recurrent factors contributing to a recovery process from co-occurring mental health and addiction problems mentioned by users and professionals have been analyzed as part of working alliances and helpful relationships. Still, we lack knowledge about how helpful relationships are developed in daily practice. In this article, we focus on the concrete construction of professional helpful relationships. Forty persons in recovery and fifteen professionals were interviewed. The interviews were analyzed according to thematic analysis, resulting in three themes presented as paradoxes (1) My own decision, but with the help of others; (2) The need for structures and going beyond them; and (3) Small trivial things of great importance. Micro-affirmations have a central role in creating helpful relationships by confirming the individuals involved as more than solely users or professionals. More attention and appreciation should be paid to practices involving micro-affirmations.

     

Opiate and digitalis receptor assays distinguish between neuroexcitant and inactive organochlorines and between anesthetics and convulsants

Specific binding of [3H]naloxone to rat brain tissue in vitro was inhibited by the excitant organochlorinated insecticides (OCI), by ether (E) and octanol (OCT), and by the convulsant indoklon (IND) and its anesthetic isomer, isoindoklon (ISO). In the presence of 100 mM NaCl the inhibition of naloxone binding by E, OCT and ISO was greatly potentiated, whereas that by OCI and IND was attenuated. KCl (100 mM) was equally effective as NaCl on the action of anesthetics, but the effect of the excitant drugs was, in contrast to NaCl, unaffected by KCl. Specific binding of [3H]ouabain in the absence of Na, was depressed by anesthetics and enhanced by neuroexcitants. In the presence of NaCl, which by itself inhibits ouabain binding to brain, both anesthetics and excitants enhanced ouabain binding. DDE, a non-insecticidal analog of DDT, and the dimethyl derivative of the OCI, lindane, were inactive in the receptor assays. These observations point to a unique isolated system which responds consistently to anesthetic agents as a class and, in a different way, to neuroexcitant compounds.