Scanning Laser Ophthalmoscope Microperimetry

Abstract

Purpose: To present selected cases that highlight the confusions in daily glaucoma practice. Methods: Four cases with raised or normal intraocular pressure (IOP) and definite glaucomatous cupping were investigated. Results: While raised IOP was found in non-glaucomatous etiologies, IOP was normal in established glaucoma in a young patient. Conclusion: Raised IOP and glaucomatous cupping may not be pathognomonic of glaucoma and alternative etiology should be ruled out for appropriate management.     

特发性视网膜前膜患者的多焦视网膜电图改变

目的:应用多焦视网膜电图(multifocalelectroretinogram,mfERG)对正常对照眼和特发性视网膜前膜眼进行检测并比较两者之间的差异。方法:用VERISScience4.0视诱发反应图像系统对17例(20只眼)正常对照者和15例(19只眼)特发性视网膜前膜患者进行检测。结果:特发性视网膜前膜患者皆出现程度不同多焦视网膜电图异常,与正常对照组的比较显示视网膜前膜组1～6环的P1波反应密度值和1～6环的N1波潜伏期与正常对照组有显著性差异,视力与第一环振幅无相关但与第一环的潜伏期存在相关。结论:多焦视网膜电图可用于对特发性视网膜前膜患者进行视功能评估。     

The Clinical Course of the Idiopathic Epiretinal Membrane After Surgery

Purpose

To evaluate the clinical course of visual acuity and foveal thickness in the idiopathic epiretinal membrane (ERM) after a vitrectomy with the use of triamcinolone.

Methods

We retrospectively reviewed the records of 30 patients (30 eyes) with ERM that were treated by vitrectomy from 2004 to 2008. Visual acuity and foveal thickness from optical coherence tomography imaging was obtained preoperatively and at every postoperative follow-up visit.

Results

Visual acuity improved by two or more lines of vision in 30%, 50%, 60%, and 70%, and stayed the same within ±1 line in 47%, 50%, 40%, and 30% at one month, three months, five months, and seven months after surgery. Twenty-three percents of the subjects deteriorated by two or more lines of vision within one month after surgery. None of the subjects had reduced vision three months after surgery. Foveal thickness decreased significantly after surgery. The mean thickness was 409.7±107.9 µm before surgery and 288.6±66.1 µm seven months after surgery. Parameters which were significantly correlated with the final visual acuity included preoperative visual acuity (0.683), preoperative foveal thickness (0.544), and final foveal thickness (0.643) (p<0.005).

Conclusions

Foveal thickness and visual acuity improved until seven months after the vitrectomy in patients with idiopathic ERM. Preoperative visual acuity, foveal thickness, and final foveal thickness had a significant correlation with the final visual acuity.     

Rapid Spontaneous Resolution of Vitreomacular Traction Syndrome Documented by Optical Coherence Tomography

A 48-year-old woman presented with a 2-week history of metamorphopsia and reduced vision in her left eye. Visual acuity was 20/30 OS. Slit lamp biomicroscopy fundus evaluation revealed a dull foveal reflex. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) showed attachment of the posterior hyaloid to the macula and significant macular elevation. One month after presentation, visual complaints disappeared. OCT revealed complete posterior vitreous detachment and normal foveal thickness. Although rare, rapid spontaneous resolution of vitreomacular traction syndrome can occur. OCT is a helpful diagnostic tool for following these patients.     

Anatomic and Functional Outcome of Triamcinolone-assisted 23-gauge Vitrectomy in Vitreomacular Traction Syndrome

Purpose: To evaluate the outcomes of patients with vitreomacular traction syndrome (VMT) treated with triamcinolone acetonid (TA) assisted 23-gauge (23-G) transconjunctival sutureless vitrectomy.

Methods: Restrospective, case series. The medical charts of 13 eyes of 13 consecutive patients with VMT who underwent 23-gauge transconjunctival pars plana vitrectomy were reviewed. All patients had at least six-month follow-up. The main outcome parameters were changes in best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and central macular thickness (CMT) between the baseline and postoperative follow- up examinations performed at the first, third, and sixth months after the surgery.

Results: The mean follow-up period was 7 (range 6–15) months. The mean preoperative BCVA was 1.3±0.4 (logmar). The final BCVA was 0.5±0.3 (logmar) (p = 0.001). The mean CMT was 429±85 µm at baseline, which was significantly reduced to 255±47 µm at the final follow-up visit (p = 0.001). The mean CMT reduction was 174±101 (range: 32–348) µm. No postoperative complications were seen such as endophthalmitis, retinal detachment, hypotony, or glaucoma.

Conclusion: Triamcinolone assisted 23-G transconjunctival sutureless vitrectomy is an effective and safe surgical technique in the management of VMT syndrome. Further studies with large case series are needed.     

Idiopathic Macular Epiretinal Membrane Surgery and ILM Peeling: Anatomical and Functional Outcomes

Purpose: Evaluation of the visual and anatomical outcomes following idiopathic macular epiretinal membrane (ERM) removal, with or without internal limiting membrane (ILM) peeling, and review of the literature.

Methods: A retrospective study of 39 eyes operated for idiopathic ERM was conducted. Pars plana vitrectomy was combined with ERM removal and Indocyanine green (ICG) assisted ILM peeling in 24 eyes.

Results: In Group A (without ILM peeling), mean preoperative BCVA was 0.48 logMAR (0.3 in decimal units), whereas mean postoperative BCVA was 0.37 logMAR (0.4 in decimal units). In Group B (with ILM peeling), mean preoperative BCVA was 0.58 logMAR (0.25 in decimal units), whereas mean postoperative BCVA was 0.31 logMAR (0.5 in decimal units). No statistically significant difference was observed between Groups A and B regarding preoperative or postoperative BCVA (p>0.1, Student’s t-test).

OCT measurement of postoperative foveal thickness reveled a significant decrease in thickness in both groups; however, no correlation was observed between postoperative BCVA and postoperative foveal thickness (Pearson’s correlation coefficient?=?0.139; p>0.1).

Conclusions: In spite of final visual acuity improvement following idiopathic ERM removal, recovery of a normal foveal thickness is not achieved in the majority of the cases. ICG assisted ILM peeling does not affect the functional outcome of idiopathic ERM removal.     

Pars Plana Vitrectomy for Vitreomacular Traction Syndrome: Analysing the Preoperative Prognostic Factors

Purpose: To identify the prognostic factors affecting the surgical outcomes in patients with vitreomacular traction syndrome undergoing pars plana vitrectomy. Methods: This was a retrospective clinical study of 67 eyes of 67 patients with vitreomacular traction syndrome who underwent pars plana vitrectomy. Demographic, clinical, and optical coherence tomography (OCT) characteristics were collected and analyzed. Univariate and multivariate linear regression analysis were used to examine the effect of parameters on change in best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA). Results: At a mean follow-up period of 15.9±12 months (mean±SD), the BCVA improved from 0.7±0.3 LogMAR (mean±SD) to 0.5±0.3. Seven patients developed full-thickness macular hole intraoperatively and tamponade (air, 20% SF6 or 12% C3F8) was used in 41 patients. Retinal breaks were identified intraoperatively in four patients. Regression analysis demonstrated that the preoperative BCVA was the only parameter affecting the postoperative visual outcome. Conclusion: In the present study, the preoperative BCVA plays a predictive role in the surgical outcome of patients with VMT undergoing pars plana vitrectomy. No other preoperative OCT characteristics demonstrated prognostic potential. Further prospective studies are needed in order to examine the role of several factors that could potentially facilitate preoperative patient counselling.     

Inner Macular Changes in Fellow Eye of Patients With Unilateral Idiopathic Epiretinal Membrane

PurposeWe evaluated a series of fellow eyes (FEs) in patients affected by unilateral idiopathic epiretinal membrane (IERM) with spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) and OCT angiography (OCT-A) to determine if a previous defect in the inner retina is present before the mechanical damage to the inner limiting membrane (ILM) caused by posterior vitreous detachment.MethodsIn patients with IERM (N = 39), ganglion cell layer (GCL) thickness in FEs was assessed with SD-OCT; in a subgroup (N = 25) the vessel density (VD) at the superficial (SCP) and deep capillary plexus (DCP) was assessed with swept-source OCT-A (SS-OCT-A). These values were then compared with 30 age-matched healthy control eyes (CEs). The statistical analyses used SPSS software version 15.0 (SPSS, Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). Data collected underwent 1-way ANOVA. A level of P < 0.05 was accepted as statistically significant.ResultsThe GCL thickness in the FEs was significantly lower than in CEs, with a significant thinning in all sectors except temporal ones (mean P < 0.001, superior P = 0.0002, superonasal P < 0.001, inferonasal P < 0.001, and inferior P = 0.002). The VD was significantly lower in the FEs in all sectors of SCP (mean P = 0.009, inner ring P = 0.028, and outer ring P = 0.007).ConclusionsGCL and SCP are significantly reduced in the FEs. These data suggest that a vascular defect in the SCP could cause a cellular loss in the inner retina that may determine the cascade events leading to the IERM proliferation; the diagnosis in a preclinical phase could provide a treatment strategy to prevent the progression of the disease.