基层医院创伤救治模式探讨

现代创伤以其高能量损伤多见,使严重多发伤在创伤中所占比例越来越高,也使创伤导致的死亡率升高。所以基层医院应组建跨专业新型的创伤科或创伤救治中心,形成院前急救、院内救治、重症监护、康复治疗为一体的救治体系,以提高基层医院创伤救治成功率。     

无线集群通信系统在创伤急救中的应用

目的将无线集群通信系统运用于创伤急救,从而提高严重创伤患者的抢救成功率。方法将运用无线集群通信系统抢救严重创伤患者的急救模式与过去不运用无线集群通信系统急救模式进行死亡率比较。结果运用无线集群通信系统抢救严重创伤患者的死亡率低于过去急救模式,有统计学意义。结论无线集群通信系统运用于严重创伤患者抢救,提高了救治效率,降低了死亡率,是值得推广的现代急救模式。     

严重多发创伤救治的临床研究

目的探讨提高严重多发创伤的救治成功率。方法 2003年6月~2008年6月收治严重多发创伤69例。外伤原因为交通伤、高处坠落伤、斗殴刀刺伤等。按AIS90版与ISS标准评定均>16,最高89。损伤组织器官依次为颅脑、左心室、右上肺、左右胸腔、肝及血管、脾脏、左肾、膈肌、胰腺、小肠,脊柱及骨盆等。同时伤及2~3个部位54例,4~5个部位15例。急诊抗休克65例,急诊手术69例,抢救手术11例。结果存活66例(95.65%),入院时血压为零及心脏刀刺伤11例均抢救成功。死亡3例(4.35%),死于重度脑外伤。无一例并发症及MOF。结论严重多发创伤救治严禁按诊断程序救治,采取争分夺秒地边抗休克复苏边进行急诊手术。及时手术止血是抗休克的根本措施,开胸剖腹探查是急救患者的诊断与救治的首选方法。手术治疗应选择最佳时机与恰当术式,同时注意早期保护重要器官。处理器官伤仍坚持"保全生命第一,保全器官第二"的手术救治原则。     

创伤急救模式对救治水平的影响

目的有效提高严重创伤患者的生存率。方法对深圳市第二人民医院急救中心1995年9月～2003年8月8年间救治的严重创伤[损伤严重程度评分(ISS)≥16或简明损伤定级(AIS)≥3]患者死亡情况进行比较分析。结果本组共2305例,死亡896例,死亡率38.87%。我科成立前4年(1995年9月～1999年8月)住院死亡率(28.55%,213/746)和住院前死亡率(31.05%,336/1082)分别明显高于成立后4年(1999年9月～2003年8月)住院死亡率(11.96%,119/995)(P<0.01)和住院前死亡率(18.64%,228/1223)(P<0.05)。我科成立后4年住院患者中伤后送达病房或手术室时间≥1h死亡率(13.49%,39/289),明显高于30～60min死亡率(7.74%,26/336)(P<0.05)和<30min死亡率(5.06%,4/79)(P<0.01)。8年间各年我院住院前死亡率依次逐渐降低。结论创伤必须专业化,力创时效性与整体性两大专科特色是提高创伤救治水平的根本保证,建立充满活力的创伤急救新模式是必要条件,加强急救复合型人才和创伤专业化人才培养是关键,创立区域化、多功能的创伤治疗中心是未来我国创伤救治的趋势。     

多发性创伤126例诊治分析

多发性刨伤常累及多器官组织,病情进展快,诊治难度大,伤后并发症多,病死率高,处理不当极易引起病情加重,甚至死亡,因此加强对严重创伤的急救和治疗十分必要。我们通过总结126例多发性创伤患者的救治经验,提出多发性创伤的急救程序化操作,可有效提高多发性创伤的抢救成功率,现将救治体会总结如下。     

院前创伤救治体系发展与"移动急诊科"方案

随着社会的发展,高能创伤发病率呈日益增长的趋势.据世界卫生组织统计,每年大约有580万人死于各种原因导致的创伤.创伤属于"时间敏感性"疾病,研究表明院前早期标准化救治可降低创伤相关病死率.本研究回顾西方发达国家和我国院前创伤救治体系,分别论述德国、美国及我国现行创伤救治优势和不足,结合美军战伤救治理念,笔者建议将创伤中心前置至事故现场构建院前移动创伤中心——"移动急诊科",形成我国标准化院前创伤救治体系,最大限度提高生命救护的成功率,促进我国院前创伤救治能力的进一步提升.     

呼叫联动预警系统救治严重创伤患者的临床效果

评估院前院内呼叫联动系统在救治严重创伤476例患者中的效果,实施该系统后,抢救室救治时间明显缩短,死亡率9.5%,亦明显降低。院前院内呼叫联动系统在严重多发伤救治中可赢得抢救时间,降低死亡率,是对一体化救治模式的优化。     

创伤救治模式的相关问题与发展方向

创伤不仅危及生命，更因其致残率高和伤后潜在寿命损失大等原因而逐渐引起政府和社会的重视。创伤结局除取决于创伤的严重程度，亦与院前复苏效果、院内手术时机与方式的选择和后续治疗是否恰当等密切相关，合理的创伤救治模式将对救治水平产生十分重要的影响。虽然我国创伤救治发展成效显著，但与发达国家相比，仍存在较大差距。因此，完善创伤救治模式，提高创伤救治水平仍是当前所面临的艰巨任务。     

重型颅脑损伤并严重多发性创伤的救治研究

目的探讨重型颅脑损伤并严重多发性创伤有效可靠的救治方法,以提高治愈率,降低死亡率。方法回顾性总结分析我院自2007年6月—2012年6月收治的GCS 3～8分重型颅脑损伤并严重多发性创伤病人的临床资料。结果本组71例,恢复良好28例(39.4%)、中残11例(15.5%)、重残15例(21.1%)、植物生存1例(1.4%)、死亡16例(22.5%)。结论迅速查明伤情,早期诊断,妥善处理合并伤,迅速解除脑受压,多科室良好的协作,早期维持患者生命体征,是成功救治的关键。     

交通事故伤院前急救新模式研究

目的：探讨交通事故伤院前急救新模式。方法：医院在交警队设立医疗急救点，采取急救点与交通警察联动、院前急救与迅速转运结合、院前急救和院内治疗结合的院前急救模式。结果：2005-2007年采用新模式共抢救交通事故伤员5745例，抢救成功5641例（98．2%），抢救成功率与以往传统模式相比有显著提高。结论：采用科学、快速、正确、有效的院前急救新模式可显著提高交通事故伤抢救成功率。     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.