胆道镜或ERCP联合腹腔镜治疗胆囊结石合并胆总管结石的临床体会

<正>胆囊结石病人有约8%～16%合并胆总管结石,传统治疗胆囊结石以剖腹胆囊切除为主。随着腹腔镜技术的成熟,腹腔镜胆囊切除术(LC)已成为胆囊结石治疗首选,而胆囊结石合并胆总管结石病人的治疗也随微创技术、内镜技术的发展迎来了契机,经内镜逆行胰胆管造影(ERCP)术及腹腔镜下胆囊切除+胆总管切开取石+T管引流术逐渐取代开腹手术。我院2014年6月～2017年10月对胆囊结石合并胆总管(包括肝总管)结石病人分别行LC联合胆道镜治疗(LCBDE+L     

两种微创手术治疗胆囊结石合并胆总管结石的临床效果比较

目的探讨两种不同微创手术方式治疗胆囊结石合并胆总管结石的临床效果。方法胆囊结石合并胆总管结石患者83例,其中采用腹腔镜胆囊切除术(laparoscopic cholecystectomy,LC)联合腹腔镜胆总管探查术(laparoscopic common bile duct exploration,LCBDE)(LC+LCBDE组)治疗胆囊结石合并胆总管结石的患者46例,内镜下逆行胰胆管造影(endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography,ERCP)及乳头括约肌切开取石术(endoscopic sphincterotomy,EST)ERCP/EST+LC(ERCP/EST+LC组)治疗胆囊结石合并胆总管结石的患者37例,比较两组患者的临床治疗情况,包括手术成功率,中转开腹率,术后并发症的发生率,近期结石复发率,住院费用及时间等。结果两组患者的手术成功率(93.5%vs 89.2%),中转开腹率(6.5%vs 5.4%),术后并发症的发生率(8.7%vs 8.1%),近期结石复发率比较(5.2%vs 7.4%),差异均无统计学意义(P0.05),手术时间,住院时间及治疗费用等比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论 LC联合LCBDE与LC联合ERCP/EST对于治疗胆囊结石合并胆总管结石同样有效,LC联合ERCP/EST可缩短手术时间,但在住院时间及治疗费用方面不如LC联合LCBDE,两种微创方式都有其各自的适应证,应根据患者情况制定个体化的治疗方案。     

腹腔镜与内镜联合治疗胆囊结石合并胆总管结石的Meta分析

目的:采用循证医学方法对腹腔镜与内镜治疗胆囊结石合并胆总管结石的安全性和有效性进行客观分析.方法:计算机检索PubMed、Embase、Web of Science、Cochrane library和CNKI数据库,筛选出有效数据后采用Review Manager 5.3软件进行比较分析.结果:共纳入8篇文献,共有86...     

老年胆囊结石并胆总管结石病人经内镜下逆行胰胆管造影术后序贯腹腔镜胆囊切除术治疗手术时机的研究

目的 探讨老年胆囊结石并胆总管结石病人经内镜下逆行胰胆管造影术(endoscop-ic retrograde cholangio-pancreatography,ERCP)后不同时间点行腹腔镜胆囊切除术(laparoscopic chol-ecystectomy,LC)治疗的安全性及临床疗效.方法 2015年1月～20...     

胆总管结石的内镜治疗

目的总结内镜下乳头括约肌切开术（endoscopic sphincterotomy，EST）治疗胆总管结石的疗效及随访结果，分析可能导致取石失败的危险因素。方法2001年4月～2006年1月我院96例经内镜逆行胰胆管显影（endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography，ERCP）证实胆总管结石后行EST及内镜下取石。通过随访术后疗效．对可能影响EST取石结果的因素进行分析。结果第1次EST未取出或未取净结石15例，第1次EST结石清除率84．4％（81／96）。第1次取石失败后5例再次行EST取净结石，3例自发排石，2例服中药或其他药物后排石，术后B超或ERCP检查证实结石已经排出，总结石清除率为94．8％（91／96）。术后近期并发症10例，其中急性胰腺炎5例、明显出血3例、急性胆囊炎和（或）急性胆管炎2例。5例因并发症或结石未取净行开腹手术。单因素和多因素分析表明，胆总管结石〉1．5cm和既往有胆总管探查手术史是取石失败的危险因素。85例随访10—59个月，胆总管结石复发3例、急性胆管炎1例；19例单纯胆总管结石在EST取净结石后没有切除胆囊，随访未见异常。结论EST是治疗胆总管结石安全有效的方法。结石〉1．5cm和既往有胆总管探查手术史时，应警惕EST有取石失败的可能。对于单纯性胆总管结石，在EST清除胆总管结石后不必预防性切除胆囊。     

腹腔镜联合内镜一期手术治疗胆囊结石合并胆总管结石

目的 探讨腹腔镜胆囊切除术中经内镜逆行胆胰管造影和十二指肠乳头括约肌切开取石一期手术(即Intra-ERCP/EST+ LC)治疗胆囊结石合并胆总管结石的优越性.方法 回顾性分析72例Intra-ERCP/EST+ LC的患者资料,选择同一时期实施先内镜逆行胆胰管造影和十二指肠乳头括约肌切开取石、再行腹腔镜胆囊切除两次手术(即Pre-ERCP/EST+ LC)的53例患者作为对照组,分析两组患者手术耗时、术后住院日、住院总费用及并发症指标.结果 与Pre-ERCP/EST+ LC组患者相比,Intra-ERCP/EST+ LC组患者术后住院日[(4.20±1.56)d,t=6.420,p=0.003]、住院总费用[(25332.28±1305.13)元,t=3.423,P=0.031]均明显降低,术后各并发症两组差异无统计学意义,总体并发症发病率Intra-ERCP/EST+LC组明显低于对照组(x2=16.749,P =0.000).结论 对于胆总管直径小于1.0 cm的患者,Intra-ERCP/EST+ LC一期手术能降低住院时间和住院费用,并具有微创、快速康复优势.     

内镜腹腔镜序贯治疗胆囊并胆总管结石

目的探讨内镜下乳头括约肌切开术（EST）联合腹腔镜胆囊切除术（LC）治疗胆囊并胆总管结石的效果及顺序的选择。方法回顾性分析468例胆囊并胆总管结石分别采用LC术前EST（306例）和LC术后EST（162例）治疗的临床资料,对结石清除率、并发症发生率、中转开腹率和住院天数、手术间隔天数指标进行比较。结果LC术前EST组结石清除率（97%）并发症发生率（6.2%）中转开腹率（5.3%）手术间隔天数（5天）住院时间（10天）,LC术后EST组结石清除率（97.5%）并发症清除率（14.2%）中转开腹率（4.9%）手术间隔天数（5天）住院天数（13天）,两组病例在结石清除率、手术间隔天数、中转开腹率和住院时间等方面无明显差异,在并发症的发生率有显著差异。结论EST联合LC是治疗胆囊并胆总管结石安全合理的方法,序惯顺序LC术前行EST,可有效减少手术并发症。LC术后EST,对于LC术后胆道残留结石EST又是其必要的补充。     

内镜联合腹腔镜治疗胆囊及胆总管结石

随着内镜技术的发展和腹腔镜在胆道外科中的广泛应用，ERCP与LC两者联合治疗胆囊结石合并胆总管结石，在一定程度上取代传统开腹手术已成为可能。在临床上，LC病人术前如何使用临床资料进行ERCP及内镜治疗胆总管结石，我们进行了这方面的探讨。     

内镜联合腹腔镜治疗胆囊、胆总管结石

目的探讨内镜乳头括约肌切开术（endoscopic sphincterotomy，EST）联合腹腔镜胆囊切除术（laparoscopic cholecystectomy，LC）治疗胆囊、胆总管结石的效果。方法35例临床确诊胆囊结石合并胆总管结石，逆行胰胆管造影（endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography，ERCP）发现胆总管结石后即时或择期行EST，EST术后2—3d行LC。结果ERCP后即时取石或碎石33例，其中一次取净30例，3例胆总管多发结石（〉3枚）且较大（〉1．5cm）未能取净，术后2—7d复查B超，1例结石自然排净，2例残余结石3d后二次行EST取石成功。择期EST2例，1例取石成功，1例碎石后未能取净，术后3d复查B超结石自然排净。所有病例EST及LC均获成功，无中转开腹病例，LC术后3—5d出院。发生并发症2例（5．7％）：1例乳头切开后出血，术后黑便，1例术后血淀粉酶轻度增高，2例均经保守治疗痊愈。32例随访3—19个月，平均11个月，1例术后5个月死于心肌梗死，其余31例均无胆道感染、残石及胰腺炎发生。结论EST联合LC治疗胆囊、胆总管结石是一种可供选择的微创治疗方法，扩大了LC的指征，具有创伤小、并发症少、恢复快、疗效确切等优点。     

胆总管结石早期内镜治疗与手术治疗的对比分析

目的探讨胆总管结石的早期内镜下逆行胰胆管造影检查和治疗与手术治疗的临床疗效及安全性。方法 56例胆总管结石的住院患者中,26例实施ERCP术,同期30例患者实施传统胆总管切开取石患者为对照组。结果 26例患者顺利实施ERCP操作,病情均得到明显改善,同对照组相比没有明显增加并发症发生率。结论 ERCP胆总管结石患者具有微创、安全、有效,是治疗胆总管结石的一种有效方法。     

腹腔镜联合胆道镜或十二指肠镜治疗胆总管结石合并胆囊结石的对比研究

目的：探讨胆总管探查取石术（laparoscopic common bile duct exploration,LCBDE）联合腹腔镜胆囊切除术（1aparoscopic cholecystectomy,LC）与内镜下括约肌切开取石术（ endoscopic sphincterotomy,EST）联合LC治疗胆总管结石合并胆囊结石的临床疗效。方法2010年7月～2013年10月我院对136例胆总管结石合并胆囊结石分别采用LCBDE＋LC治疗（72例）或EST＋LC治疗（64例）,比较2组手术治疗成功率、术后并发症发生率、结石残留率、胃肠功能恢复时间、住院时间和费用等指标,随访2组远期并发症发生率。结果 LCBDE＋LC组手术时间（186±44） min明显短于EST＋LC组（221±41）min（t＝-4．687,P＝0．024）;LCBDE＋LC组住院时间（10．4±3．2）d,明显短于EST＋LC组（13．6±3．4）d（t＝-5．545, P＝0．000）;LCBDE＋LC组手术费用（8200±376）元,明显少于EST＋LC组（9600±420）元（ t＝-20．130,P＝0．000）;2组术后排气时间分别为（1．3±0．8）、（1．2±0．7）d,无统计学差异（t＝0．756,P＝0．451）;2组手术成功率分别为97．2％（70／72）、95．3％（61／64）,无统计学差异（χ2＝0．018,P＝0．893）;2组结石残留率分别为2．8％（2／70）、3．3％（2／61）,无统计学差异（χ2＝1．728,P＝0．531）,胰腺炎发生率有显著性差异[0 vs．6．2％（4／64）,P＝0．047]。随访1～3年,（2．5±0．5）年,2组反流性胆管炎发生率有统计学差异（χ2＝7．661,P＝0．004）。结论 LCBDE＋LC治疗胆囊结石合并胆总管结石安全、有效,术后并发症如胰腺炎和远期并发症返流性胆管炎比EST＋LC更具优势。     

Preoperative Endoscopic Sphincterotomy and Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy for the Management of Cholecystocholedocholithiasis: 10-Year Experience

Abstract No procedure has yet been identified as the “gold standard” for the detection and treatment of common bile duct stones (CBDS) in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC). This prospective study involves 2137 patients undergoing elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy. The algorithm for diagnostic management in place until July 1997 involved routine intravenous cholangiography and selective endoscopic retrograde cholangiography (ERC). Subsequently, assessment of the bile duct was not routinely performed, but a scoring system was applied to single out those patients at risk of CBDS who should undergo intravenous cholangiography and/or ERC (see Fig. 2). Whenever bile duct stones were found, endoscopic sphincterotomy (ES) was performed, and LC was performed with a standardized four-cannula technique after endoscopic bile duct stone clearance. Common bile duct stones were suspected in 340 patients who were referred for preoperative ERC; 250 patients were referred for ES; 21 patients were referred for open surgery because of failure of ERC or sphincterotomy. Common bile duct stones, detected in 283 cases (13.2%), were removed before surgery in 250 cases (88.3%) and during surgery in 28 cases (9.9%). Self-limited pancreatitis occurred in 4.2% of the patients after sphincterotomy. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy was performed in 98.4% of the cases. The conversion rate was 8.3% if sphincterotomy had been performed previously and 3.4% after standard laparoscopic cholecystectomy (p < 0.001). The morbidity rate was 4.5%; mortality, 0.09%. During follow-up five patients (0.2%) had retained stones endoscopically treated. Future trials of novel strategies for detecting and treating CBDS should compare the results of novel strategies with those of the strategy employed in this study, which includes selective ERC, preoperative ES, and LC.     

经内镜胆管造影及鼻胆管引流处理腹腔镜胆囊切除术后胆漏

目的探讨经内镜逆行胆管造影(endoscopic retrograde cholangiography,ERC)及鼻胆管引流在腹腔镜胆囊切除(laparoscopic cholecystectomy,LC)术后胆漏处理中的应用价值。方法 2004年1月～2010年12月,对16例LC术后胆漏及早应用ERC检查,了解胆漏的部位、程度、类型。根据具体情况采用鼻胆管引流配合腹腔穿刺置管引流或剖腹探查。结果 ERC检查显示胆管损伤ⅠA型7例,ⅡA型6例,ⅢD型3例。11例行鼻胆管引流7～20 d,2例单纯腹腔引流7、11 d,胆漏愈合;3例肝门部胆管空肠吻合,痊愈出院。16例随访3个月～3年,中位时间1年3个月,无腹痛、发热、黄疸及其他并发症。结论 ERC及鼻胆管引流是LC术后胆漏的简便、准确、微创的诊断和处理方法。     

内镜逆行胰胆管造影术治疗妊娠合并急性胆管炎

目的探讨内镜下逆行胰胆管造影术(endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography,ERCP)治疗妊娠合并急性胆管炎的效果及安全性.方法对本院2001年8月至2009年2月采用ERCP联合乳头切开术(endoscopic sphincterotomy,EST)治疗的16例妊娠合并急性胆管炎患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析.结果2例于妊娠3个月(妊娠早期)时行ERCP术+塑料内支架引流,未行EST取石,分别于术后4个月和5个月后内支架堵塞,再次行EST术取石.8例妊娠中期病例,7例一次性EST取净结石;1例因胆总管有多枚结石,行EST部分取石后放置塑料内支架,分娩后2周再行ERCP术取净结石.6例妊娠末3个月患者,5例1次行EST术取石成功;1例造影见胆总管结石多枚,直接放置塑料内支架1根引流,分娩1个月后,再行ERCP术取净结石.1例妊娠末3个月患者术后并发急性轻型胰腺炎,经治疗后痊愈;其余病例无术后并发症发生.全部病例随访至胎儿出生后1个月,未发现早产和宫内胎儿窘迫病例,无畸形、发育迟缓、智力低下儿出生.结论短期随访显示,ERCP治疗妊娠合并急性胆管炎安全有效.但目前尚缺乏射线对胎儿是否有影响的长期随访结果.     

EST+EPBD治疗胆总管结石的效果分析

目的观察内镜下乳头小切开(小于5 mm)联合球囊扩张治疗胆总管结石的手术效果。方法把年龄23~82岁的192例胆总管结石患者随机分为内镜下十二指肠乳头括约肌切开术(Endoscopic Sphincterotmy,EST)和EST+EPBD内镜乳头气囊扩张术(Endoscopic Sphincterotmy,EPBD)组手术组各96例。术后就这两种手术的疗效进行评价。结果两组间平均手术时间、住院时间比较,EST+EPBD组均明显减少;一次性取石成功数及总成功取石成功数,EST+EPBD组均明显高于EST组。两组出血、胰腺炎、胆道内钡剂反流、结石复发等多项并发症的比较,均有显著统计学意义差异(P0.05),EST+EPBD组术中术后并发症显著减少。结论内镜下乳头小切开联合球囊扩张可提高直径为10至25mm的胆总管结石取石成功率和减少术后并发症,安全且疗效满意。     

十二指肠镜联合腹腔镜治疗胆囊结石合并胆总管结石

目的 探讨螺旋CT三维胆道成像联合内镜下逆行胆胰管造影(ERCP)、内镜Oddi括约肌切开取石术(EST)与腹腔镜胆囊切除术(LC)对胆囊结石合并胆总管结石的治疗作用.方法 回顾性分析2007年7月至2009年6月期间,应用螺旋CT三维胆道成像联合十二指肠镜及腹腔镜治疗胆囊结石合并胆总管结石患者30例的方法与经验.并与...     

内镜诊治十二指肠乳头旁憩室合并胆胰疾病523例报告

目的探讨经内镜逆行胰胆管造影术(endoscopic retrograde choangiopancreatography,ERCP)及内镜下乳头括约肌切开术(endoscopic sphincterotomy,EST)对十二指肠乳头旁憩室合并胆胰疾病的诊治方法及价值。方法回顾性分析我院2007年7月~2009年6月1842例首次ERCP检查出523例十二指肠乳头旁憩室合并胆胰疾病的十二指肠乳头旁憩室与十二指肠乳头内镜下关系及其对ERCP成功率、EST及其并发症的影响。结果十二指肠乳头旁憩室合并胆胰疾病患者占ERCP总数的28.4%(523/1842),经ERCP明确十二指肠乳头旁憩室合并胆总管结石395例,占75.5%(395/523)。ERCP造影成功率97.5%(510/523)。实施EST482例全部成功,内镜取石成功率95.2%(376/395)。术后并发症16例(3.1%),包括出血5例,轻型急性胰腺炎5例,高淀粉酶血症4例,穿孔1例,诱发憩室炎1例,均经中西医结合非手术综合治疗痊愈,无死亡病例。术后315例随访1~24个月,平均10.5月,无胆道症状复发。结论只要严格执行内镜下治疗原则,熟练掌握操作技巧,内镜治疗是十二指肠乳头旁憩室合并部分胆胰疾病的微创、安全、有效的首选治疗手段。     

Prospective validation study of an algorithm for triage to MRCP or ERCP for investigation of suspected pancreatico-biliary disease

Background In patients with suspected pancreatico-biliary disease, endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) should be reserved for those requiring therapeutic intervention. However, difficulty arises in identifying patients likely to require therapy in the early phase of diagnostic work-up. An algorithm has been developed by the authors based upon prospective assessment of ERCP patients for triage of patients to magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) or ERCP with suspected pancreatico-biliary disease. We aimed to validate this algorithm in an independent group of patients using a different group of endoscopists blinded to the algorithm. Methods Patients were stratified into different categories by clinical, ultrasound and liver function test findings. The algorithm stratified patients by the likelihood of therapeutic intervention. The accuracy of the algorithm for a therapeutic outcome was assessed by receiver operator characteristics (ROC) curve analysis. Results Hundred and twenty-five consecutive patients (Oct 2005 to July 2006) were prospectively assessed by MRCP or ERCP according to the algorithm, and the outcomes recorded. Fifty-seven patients were triaged to MRCP and 63 patients were triaged to ERCP. A category was not assessable in five patients. Three patients from the MRCP group required subsequent therapeutic ERCP. Diagnostic ERCP was performed in three patients in the ERCP group. ERCP-related complications occurred in four patients. The algorithm performed well in predicting the requirement for intervention as determined by the area under the ROC curve [0.84 (95%CI 0.76–0.92)]. Conclusions Our study confirms that an algorithm-based approach can reproducibly predict those patients requiring therapeutic biliary intervention.