腹腔镜Nissen胃底折叠术治疗胃食管反流病

目的 探讨腹腔镜Nissen胃底折叠术治疗胃食管反流病的效果.方法 对近2年来收治的109例胃食管反流病实施腹腔镜Nissen胃底折叠术患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析.结果 108例成功完成手术.1例因难以控制的脾上极胃短血管出血而中转开腹.手术用时30-245(平均68.1)min,术中出血5～450(平均30.0)mL;术后住院天数2～8(平均4.2)天.术后102例获3～27个月的随访,7例失访.随访患者中99例(97.1%)反酸、烧心等消化道症状基本消失,2例(2.0%)明显缓解,1例(0.9%)无效.术后2例出现较严重的吞咽困难,1例严重上腹胀气,2例腹泻,1例出现术后食管裂孔疝.结论 腹腔镜Nissen胃底折叠术是治疗胃食管反流病的一种微创、安全、有效的治疗方法.     

腹腔镜胃底折叠术治疗胃食管反流病372例

目的 探讨腹腔镜胃底折叠术治疗胃食管反流病(GERD)的可行性和临床应用价值.方法 2005年9月至2010年8月,对372例GERD病人实施腹腔镜胃底折叠术,其中Nissen胃底折叠术146例,Toupet胃底折叠术79例,前180°胃底折叠术147例,记录围手术期相关指标,随访观察治疗效果.结果 372例均完成腹腔镜手术,无中转开腹者.手术时间50～210 min,平均85 min;术中出血40～150 ml,平均86 ml.术后住院3～21天,平均4.3天.术后临床症状均得到缓解,无严重并发症及死亡病例.术后3个月复查胃镜、上消化道造影、食管测压和24 h食管pH检测均恢复正常.350例随访～63个月,平均27.3个月,对手术效果满意率92.57%,19例有进固体食物时轻度梗噎感,6例反酸症状复发,使用抑酸药物可控制,1例食管裂孔疝复发.结论 腹腔镜胃底折叠术治疗中、重度GERD充分体现了微创手术创伤小、恢复快、安全可行、疗效可靠的特点;3种胃底折叠方式根据病人具体情况应用,能够最大限度地保证手术效果、降低操作难度,减少术后并发症.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the feasibility and clinical value of laparoscopic surgery in treating patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease. Methods From September 2001 to August 2009, 372 patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease undertwent laparoscopic fundoplication, including 146 cases of Nissen fundoplication, 79 Toupet fundoplication, and 147 anterior 180 degrees partial fundoplication. Para-operative clinical parameters were recorded. All patients were routinely followed up. Clinical outcomes were collected and analyzed. Results Laparoscopic surgery was successfully performed in all patients, and no conversions were required. The operating time was 50 -210 minutes (mean, 85 minutes), the operative blood loss was 40 - 150 ml( mean, 86 ml) ,the postoperative hospital stay was 3 - 21 days( mean, 4.3 days ). The symptoms in most cases were adequately relieved after operation. There were no severe postoperative morbidity and mortality. Endoscopy, radiology, esophageal manometry and 24-hour pH monitoring were repeated 3 months after surgery. After the follow-up period of 3 -63 months ( mean, 27.3 months), the satisfaction rate of operation was 92.57%. 19 cases had mild dysphagia when eating solid food. Symptoms recurrence of acid reflux occurred in 6 cases, which were controlled by antacid medications. Hiatal hernia recurrence occurred in 1 case. Conclusions Laparoscopic operation should be the method of choice to treat the moderate to severe gastroesophageal reflux disease, with the advantages of minimized trauma,quick recovery, safety,feasibility and reliable effect. According to individual condition of patients, appropriate fundoplication procedure should be employed carefully to ensure results of operations, reduce operating difficulties and the rate of postoperative complications.     

腹腔镜胃底折叠术治疗胃食管反流性疾病

胃食管反流性疾病（gastro-esophageal reflux disease, GERD）是胃、十二指肠内容物反流进入食管引起临床症状和（或）食管炎症的一种疾病。反流物主要是胃酸、胃蛋白酶，尚可有十二指肠液、胆酸、胰液等，前者临床上多见，后者主要见于胃大部切除术后和食管肠吻合术后。GERD病人可仅有临床症状而无食管炎症表现，有食管炎症状者其临床症状不一定与炎症程度呈平行关系。临床上主要表现为烧心、胸骨后疼痛、反酸及反食，严重病例可并发吞咽困难、上消化道出血、Barrett食管和食管癌等。     

胃食管反流性疾病的腹腔镜胃底折叠术治疗

目的探讨中、重度胃食管反流性疾病行腹腔镜胃底折叠术治疗的可行性及安全性.方法回顾性分析2001年6月至2006年6月对137例中、重度胃食管反流性疾病病人行腹腔镜胃底折叠术的的临床资料.结果121例行腹腔镜Nissen胃底折叠术,16例作腹腔镜Toupet胃底折叠术.术后症状完全缓解.术后4个月,食管下段压力由7.28±1.32 mmHg提高到19.01±3.39 mmHg(t=11.69,P＜0.01).24 h pH值监测评分由181.76±95.47降低至8.13±1.96(t=8.38,P＜0.01),较手术前有明显改善,并达到正常范围.长期随访临床效果良好.无严重手术并发症,无中转开腹及死亡病例.结论对于严重的胃食管反流性疾病,腹腔镜胃底折叠术是一种微创、安全、有效的治疗方法.     

腹腔镜Nissen胃底折叠术治疗老年胃食管反流病

目的:对比腹腔镜Nissen 胃底折叠术在老年组和非老年组胃食管反流病(GERD)的疗效,评价其在老年人应用的可行性.方法:回顾分析因GERD行腹腔镜Nissen胃底折叠术治疗的老年病人28例,随机选取同时期非老年GERD病人40例作为对照组,分析不同年龄组患者的治疗效果.结果:术后两组症状完全消失.食管下段压力由(8.8±2.6)mmHg(1mmHg =0.133 kPa)提高到(18.23±3.6)mmHg(P＜ 0.01),24 h pH值检测评分由105.4±3.7降低到8.12±2.1(P＜ 0.01),较术前明显改善,并达到正常范围.平均随访4.5年,非老年组症状复发2例,老年组1例.远期吞咽困难老年组发生8例,非老年组为1例,差异有统计学意义(P＜ 0.05).结论:在老年GERD病人中实施腹腔镜Nissen 胃底折叠术与在非老年病人中实施一样安全、有效,但远期吞咽困难发生率较非老年人为高.     

腹腔镜胃底折叠术治疗胃食管反流性疾病临床分析

目的　探讨腹腔镜胃底折叠术治疗胃食管反流性疾病的可行性及安全性。　方法　回顾性分析 2 0 0 1年 6月至 2 0 0 1年 10月对 5例行腹腔镜胃底折叠术的胃食管反流性疾病的临床资料。　结果　 3例行腹腔镜Nissen胃底折叠术 ,2例腹腔镜Toupet胃底折叠术。术后症状完全缓解。食道下段压力由 (7 32± 1 34)mmHg提高到 (18 2 0± 3 4 3)mmHg(t=12 2 3,P <0 0 1) ,2 4 -小时PH值监测评分由183 36± 96 76降低到 8 0 4± 2 12 (t=8 4 7,P <0 0 1) ,较手术前有明显改善 ,并达到正常范围。无手术并发症 ,无中转开腹及死亡病例。　结论　对于严重的胃食管反流性疾病 ,腹腔镜胃底折叠术是一种安全、有效的治疗方法。     

腹腔镜Nissen胃底折叠术治疗胃食管反流病110例报告

目的探讨胃食管反流病（gastroesophageal reflux disease,GERD）的临床表现、腹腔镜Nissen胃底折叠术的治疗效果。方法回顾性分析2007年1月～2008年12月共110例行腹腔镜Nissen胃底折叠术的GERD临床资料。18例以反酸、烧心、嗳气、反食、胸痛等食管内症状为主,92例表现为咳嗽、咳痰、喘息等呼吸道症状为主（6例无反酸、烧心等消化道症状）。结果中转开腹1例,余均成功实施腹腔镜Nissen胃底折叠术。手术时间30～245min,平均67.8min;术中出血量5～450ml,平均28.8ml;术后住院时间2～8d,平均4.1d。术后102例获得6～24个月随访,平均13个月,8例失访。其中66例仅接受电话随访。102例按照症状频次、程度问卷表对其症状进行评分,参考反流性疾病问卷（reflux diagnostic questionnaire,RDQ）评分标准症状评分,术后6个月反酸、烧心、胸痛、咳嗽、喘息、憋气、咽异物感、喉部发紧、声音嘶哑的评分均明显下降（P〈0.05）。87例手术有效,15例手术无效。术后62例（60.8%）出现进食困难,经饮食训练2～6周后60例消失,2例症状严重,经胃镜扩张后缓解。1例术后2个月食管裂孔疝复发,再次腹腔镜手术修补。36例术后3个月选择性地进行了胃镜、24h食管pH监测和食管压力监测复查。28例食管炎患者复查胃镜,25例恢复正常,1例从Ⅲ级转为Ⅰ级,1例从Ⅱ级转为Ⅰ级,1例无变化;31例复查24h食管pH值监测,DeMeester评分恢复正常30例,1例从中度降至轻度;18例复查食管测压,下食管括约肌（LES）静息压从术前的1.2～34.1（中位数14.3）mmHg升至14.3～33.0（中位数20.0）mmHg（Z=3.72,P=0.000）。结论腹腔镜Nissen胃底折叠术是治疗GERD的有效方法,具有微创、损伤小、病人恢复快和操作安全的优点,对诊断明确的以食管外症状为主要表现的GERD特别值得提倡。     

腹腔镜Toupet胃底折叠术治疗干燥综合征合并严重胃食管反流病两例

目的总结干燥综合征合并严重胃食管反流病(gastroesophageal reflux disease,GERD)的临床特点和腹腔镜Toupet胃底折叠术应用于此类患者的经验。方法回顾性分析2例干燥综合征所致严重GERD患者的临床特点及手术经过。结果 2例患者均为女性,确诊为干燥综合征1年以上,均有严重的反酸、烧心等症状数年。入院后行胃镜、胃肠功能动力测压和24小时反流监测等检查均发现LA-C级食管炎、严重食管功能障碍和异常酸暴露。诊断为干燥综合征继发性GERD,反流性食管炎(LA-C)。行腹腔镜Toupet胃底折叠术治疗,术后分别随访23个月和14个月。2例患者的GERD症状均明显缓解,术后1例出现吞咽困难,1个月后自行缓解。结论腹腔镜下Toupet胃底折叠术对于无法停用抗反流药物的合并严重GERD可能是安全并且有效的,具有一定的可行性。     

腹腔镜180°前胃底折叠术治疗胃食管反流性疾病临床研究

目的 探讨腹腔镜180°前胃底折叠术治疗胃食管反流性疾病(gastroesophageal refulxdisease,GERD)的安全性及有效性.方法 2005年1月至2008年4月采用腹腔镜180°前胃底折叠术治疗胃食管反流性疾病54例,术后随访3～25个月,对酸反流的主观和客观指标进行分析.结果 腹腔镜180°前胃底折叠术治疗术后反酸症状完全消失,食管下段测压由术前(6.7±1.3)mmHg(ImmHg=0.133kPa),提高到术后6个月(19.1±3.4)mmHg(P1<0.01).术后1年(21.6±1.8)mmHg(R2<0.01),24h pH监测DeMeester评分由术前97.2±2.7降低到术后6个月6.4±2.2(P1<0.01),术后1年6.7±2.3(P2<0.01)较术前明显改善,并达到正常范围,无术后严重并发症,无中转开腹及死亡病例.结论 与以往较为公认的Nissen术和Toupet术相同,腹腔镜180°前胃底折叠术治疗GERD是一种安全、有效的术式.并且副反应少.     

Laparoscopic Nissen Fundoplication for Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease in Japan

Purpose Laparoscopic antireflux surgery is the standard treatment for gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) in Western countries where this disorder is common; however, it has only recently been introduced in Japan. We examined the effectiveness of laparoscopic antireflux surgery in a small series of Japanese patients.Methods Between 1998 and 2001 we performed laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication in 23 patients to evaluate the efficiency of this technique. We examined the following four parameters pre- and postoperatively: symptoms, endoscopic findings, gastroesophagogram findings, and the results of intraesophageal 24-h pH monitoring. We also examined the operation time, blood loss, intraoperative complications, and postoperative complications.Results The operation was safely performed in all patients, regardless of age, and there were no intraoperative complications. Postoperatively, more than three parameters were effectively normalized in 17 (89.5%) of 19 patients. The only postoperative complications were delayed gastric emptying in three patients and persistent dysphagia in five patients. During follow-up, esophagitis recurred in two patients, one of whom underwent laparoscopic refundoplication, which normalized the condition.Conclusion Laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication is highly effective for GERD and could become the standard surgical treatment in Japan.     

Pathophysiological Measurement and Results After Laparoscopic Fundoplication for Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease

Purpose: Both surgical and conservative treatments for gastroesophageal reflux disorder (GERD) are controversial. The aim of this prosepective study was to examine outcomes after laparoscopic antireflux surgery. Methods: The subjects were 143 patients who underwent laparoscopic antireflux surgery. Following diagnostic procedures 126 patients were allocated to a total fundoplication group (360°C, Nissen-DeMeester) and 17, to a posterior semifundoplication group (250–270°, Toupet). All complications were registered, and pathophysiological and outcome data were examined 3, 6, and 9 months after surgery. Results: By 6 months after surgery the mean lower esophageal sphincter (LES) pressure had improved significantly, to 14.8 mmHg in the Nissen-DeMeester group, and to 12.1 mmHg in the Toupet group, corresponding to successful prevention of esophageal reflux in both groups. Dysphagia was more common in the early postoperative period after total fundic wrap (17% vs 12%), but this difference disappeared in time. All patients reported complete relief of reflux symptoms, although two of those who underwent the Nissen-DeMeester fundoplication experienced relapse of GERD and required open reconstruction (1.4%). The laparoscopic procedure was converted to open surgery in three patients (2%). There were no associated deaths and the perioperative complication rate was 4.2%. Conclusion: Laparoscopic antireflux surgery is an effective treatment for GERD. More than 93% of the patients in this series rated their outcome as good to excellent following the operation. Received: December 10, 2001 / Accepted: May 7, 2002 Reprint requests to: K. Ludwig     

Therapeutic Effects of Laparoscopic Fundoplication for Nonerosive Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease

Purpose Surgical treatments for nonerosive gastroesophageal reflux disease (NERD) have not been investigated sufficiently. We examined the results of laparoscopic fundoplication for patients with NERD. Methods We performed laparoscopic fundoplication for NERD in 22 patients. The severity of esophageal hiatal hernia, morphology of the cardiac orifice, and results of 24-hour continuous esophageal and gastric pH were evaluated. We used a four-point scale for the improvement rating of postoperative symptoms. Results There were 20 patients (91%) with a sliding hiatal hernia, and 21 patients (95%) with a loose cardiac orifice. Seven patients had acid reflux with 4.0% or higher esophageal fraction of time pH below 4. The surgical techniques used were Nissen fundoplication in 10 patients and Toupet fundoplication in 12 patients. Improvement of postoperative heartburn was rated as excellent in 16 patients, good in 5, and fair in 1. The overall efficacy rating was 95%, and discontinuation of proton pump inhibitor (PPI) was possible in 21 patients. Conclusion Our results of performing laparoscopic fundoplication in patients with NERD were excellent. Even if abnormal acid reflux cannot be confirmed preoperatively, sufficient therapeutic efficacy can be expected for patients with esophageal hiatal hernia or a loose cardiac orifice.     

超重患者胃食管反流病的腹腔镜治疗

目的 探讨腹腔镜手术治疗超重患者胃食管反流病（gastroesophageal reflux disease,GERD）的临床效果.方法 2008年1月~2013年1月,对23例体重指数（BMI）26.1~29.7的超重GERD患者行腹腔镜治疗.单纯胃底折叠术5例（Toupet式）,18例合并食管裂孔疝者行食管裂孔疝修补加胃底折叠术（Nissen式4例,Toupet式14例）.结果 全组手术均获成功,手术时间85~225 min,平均117 min;术中出血量30~200 ml,平均70 ml;术后住院时间4~8 d,平均7 d.无中转开腹及死亡,无术后严重并发症.术后随访1~24个月,平均14个月,其中15例〉12个月,21例治愈,2例缓解.结论 腹腔镜食管裂孔疝修补和胃底折叠术治疗超重GERD患者效果满意.     

儿童腹腔镜下胃底折叠术10年小结

目的探讨腹腔镜下不同胃底折叠术治疗儿童胃食管反流性疾病的疗效。方法回顾性分析2000年10月～2011年2月10年中2个儿童医疗中心收治儿童胃食管反流性疾病81例(上海儿童医学中心30例,新华医院51例)临床资料,包括食管裂孔疝76例,单纯严重胃食管反流5例。男49例,女32例。年龄25天～11岁。2例有食管裂孔疝修补手术史。采用5个5 mm trocar分别经脐和两上腹、两侧中腹部进腹,保留脾胃韧带完成食管裂孔疝修补和胃底折叠术。结果79例镜下完成手术(包括Nissen-Rossetti术37例,Thal术42例),2例中转开放手术。出院前均行食管钡餐(GI)复查,37例Nissen-Rossetti术后9例轻～中度食管下端狭窄,1～2次扩张后缓解症状;42例Thal术后7例存在轻度反流。术后69例获随访,时间2个月～7年,平均26个月。2例食管裂孔疝术后1个月复发,再次镜下手术,1例证实膈肌脚尼龙缝合线松脱,1例裂孔关闭不够,仍有一较小旁疝形成,均再次镜下修补,术后恢复好;1例术后出现发作性腹痛伴呕吐;1例智力发育障碍者术后吞咽功能退化,顽固性拒食,长期鼻胃管喂养;2例胃食管轻～中度反流伴有胃动力差。其余63例术后生长发育好,术前临床症状消失。结论①腹腔镜下胃底折叠术治疗各种原因导致的儿童胃食管反流是一种安全有效的手术途径。②对于食管裂孔疝,选择镜下Thal术可有效减少术后食管狭窄的发生。③对于严重胃食管反流,选择Nissen-Rossetti术,术后抗反流效果更确切,与传统的Nissen术相比,保留胃短血管的Nissen-Rossetti术操作更简便。     

Effect of Laparoscopic Fundoplication on Hypertensive Lower Esophageal Sphincter Associated with Gastroesophageal Reflux

For hypertensive lower esophageal sphincter with dysphagia and chest pain, a laparoscopic cardiomyotomy is recommended. Recently, the role of gastroesophageal reflux in this abnormality has been recognized. A prospective study on six patients with manometrically proven hypertensive lower esophageal sphincter was performed. Laparoscopic floppy Nissen fundoplication was performed in all cases. The first follow up was performed 6 weeks after the operation. The mean follow up time was 56 months (range 50–61). Before the operation, all patients had abnormal esophageal acid exposure. Mean DeMeester score was 41.7 (range 16.7–86). Average LES pressure before the operation was 50.5 mmHg (range 35.6–81.3). Six weeks after operation, all patients were symptom free. DeMeester score returned to a normal level of 2.9. Furthermore, a marked decrease in the lower esophageal sphincter pressure (24.7 mmHg) was detected. At late follow up, all patients were symptom-free, and only two patients agreed to undergo functional testing. The mean DeMeester score of this two patients was 1.2. The pressure remained at normal value (15.7 mmHg). In our study, an antireflux operation normalized lower esophageal sphincter pressure suggesting that abnormal esophageal acid exposure may be an etiologic factor in the development of hypertensive lower esophageal sphincter.     

Hiatal Hernia, Lower Esophageal Sphincter Incompetence, and Effectiveness of Nissen Fundoplication in the Spectrum of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease

Background and Aims  Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a spectrum of disease that includes nonerosive reflux disease (NERD), erosive reflux disease (ERD), and Barrett’s esophagus (BE). Treatment outcomes for patients with different stages have differed in many studies. In particular, acid suppressant medication therapy is reported to be less effective for treating patients with NERD and Barrett’s esophagus. The aims of this study were to investigate (1) the role of mechanical factors including hiatal hernia and lower esophageal sphincter (LES) competence in the spectrum of GERD and (2) outcomes of Nissen fundoplication. Methods  From the records of patients who had undergone laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication after an abnormal pH study, we identified 50 symptomatic consecutive patients with each of the GERD stages: (1) NERD, (2) mild ERD, defined as esophagitis that was healed with acid suppression therapy, (3) severe ERD, defined as esophagitis that persisted despite medical therapy, and (4) BE. Exclusion criteria were normal distal esophageal acid exposure, esophageal pH monitoring performed elsewhere, antireflux surgery less than 1 year previously or previous fundoplication, and a named esophageal motility disorder or distal esophageal low amplitude hypomotility. Patients who could not be contacted for the study were also excluded. All patients completed a detailed preoperative questionnaire; underwent preoperative upper gastrointestinal endoscopy, stationary manometry, and distal esophageal pH monitoring; and were interviewed at least 1 year after operation. Results  One hundred sixty patients meeting the entry criteria were studied. The mean follow-up period was 36.7 months. The only significant preoperative symptom difference was that patients with BE had more moderately severe or severe dysphagia compared to patients with NERD. Patients with severe ERD or BE had a significantly higher prevalence of hiatal hernia, lower LES pressures, and more esophageal acid exposure. Hiatal hernia and hypotensive LES were present in most patients with severe ERD or BE but in only a minority of patients with NERD or mild ERD. Surgical therapy resulted in similarly excellent symptom outcomes for patients in all GERD categories. Conclusions  Compared to mild ERD and NERD, severe ERD and BE are associated with significantly greater loss of the mechanical antireflux barrier as reflected in the presence of hiatal hernia and LES measurements. Restoration of the antireflux barrier and hernia reduction by laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication provides similarly excellent symptom control in all patients.