Systolic and diastolic heart failure are associated with different plasma levels of B-type natriuretic peptide

Previous studies have found that plasma B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) is elevated during left ventricular systolic or diastolic dysfunction. It is unclear whether the ventricular systolic and diastolic function is associated with different levels of plasma BNP. Plasma BNP was measured in 149 heart failure patients by a rapid point-of-care assay. The patients were divided into left ventricular diastolic dysfunction (n = 48), left ventricular systolic dysfunction (n = 62) and right ventricular systolic dysfunction group (n = 39). The mean BNP level in the left ventricular diastolic dysfunction, left ventricular systolic dysfunction and right ventricular systolic dysfunction was 115 +/- 80 pg/ml, 516 +/- 445 pg/ml and 345 +/- 184 pg/ml, respectively (p < 0.05). We concluded that ventricular systolic and diastolic dysfunction increases plasma BNP levels to a different extent. Left and right ventricular systolic dysfunction is associated with a higher level of plasma BNP than left ventricular diastolic dysfunction.     

Systolic heart failure in South Asians

Heart failure (HF) is a common condition leading to an unfavourable prognosis and impaired quality of life. In this review, we provide an overview of published literature on possible epidemiological and pathophysiological differences between patients with systolic HF of South Asian origin and those from other ethnic groups (mainly White). Systolic HF tends to manifest earlier among South Asians and with frequent hospital admissions. However, survival for such patients appears to be significantly better compared with the White group, which might be associated with different patterns of HF. For example, this could be attributed to a lower prevalence of left ventricular systolic dysfunction in South Asian subjects. Indeed, the high prevalence of hypertension and diabetes among South Asians may predispose to diastolic HF with preserved systolic function. In addition, because of underrepresentation of South Asians in clinical trials, there are little data on optimal management of this ethnic group.     

Heart rate variability and diastolic heart failure

Diastolic heart failure accounts for up to 40% of patients with congestive heart failure (CHF), and is associated with a better prognosis as compared to patients with systolic dysfunction. Nevertheless, patients with diastolic dysfunction have a significantly higher mortality as compared to the normal population. Reduced heart rate variability (HRV), a marker of autonomic dysfunction, is associated with increased mortality in patients with systolic heart failure. We therefore sought to determine to what extent HRV is altered in a population of patients with diastolic heart failure. Twenty-four hour ambulatory (Holter) recordings were performed in 19 consecutive patients with diastolic heart failure, in 9 patients with systolic heart failure, as well as in 9 healthy volunteers (normal controls). Time and frequency domain HRV variables were obtained for all three groups of patients. Both Time and Frequency domain variables were found to be reduced in both heart failure groups compared to normal controls. When compared with each other, patients with diastolic function had relatively higher values of HRV variables, compared to those with systolic dysfunction (SDNN, Total power, ULF power, all P 相似文献   

同型半胱氨酸与舒张性心力衰竭的相关性

目的 研究血浆同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)与舒张性心力衰竭(DHF)的相关性.方法 选择DHF患者70例以及同一年龄段的健康对照组70例,检测两组的Hcy、N-末端脑钠素前体(NT pro-BNP)的水平以及左心室射血分数(LVEF)的变化情况.结果 与健康对照组比较,DHF患者血浆NT pro-BNP及Hcy明显增高(1 795.02±981.65) ng/L vs (67.54±24.55) ng/L,(15.00±2.11) μmol/L vs (10.46±1.38) μmol/L(P<0.05),两组间LVEF差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);DHF患者中,随着纽约心脏协会(NYHA)心功能分级增加,血浆Hcy浓度以及NT pro-BNP水平逐渐增高(P<0.05),在NYHA心功能Ⅱ级与Ⅲ级、Ⅲ级与Ⅳ级之间比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);DHF患者中,NT pro-BNP与血浆Hcy浓度呈明显正相关(r=0.936,P<0.05).结论 Hcy参与了DHF的病理生理过程,可能成为DHF的治疗靶点以及诊断标志物.     

Diagnosis and management of diastolic dysfunction and heart failure

Diastolic heart failure occurs when signs and symptoms of heart failure are present but left ventricular systolic function is preserved (i.e., ejection fraction greater than 45 percent). The incidence of diastolic heart failure increases with age; therefore, 50 percent of older patients with heart failure may have isolated diastolic dysfunction. With early diagnosis and proper management the prognosis of diastolic dysfunction is more favorable than that of systolic dysfunction. Distinguishing diastolic from systolic heart failure is essential because the optimal therapy for one may aggravate the other. Although diastolic heart failure is clinically and radiographically indistinguishable from systolic heart failure, normal ejection fraction and abnormal diastolic function in the presence of symptoms and signs of heart failure confirm diastolic heart failure. The pharmacologic therapies of choice for diastolic heart failure are angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, angiotensin receptor blockers, diuretics, and beta blockers.     

左室舒张性心力衰竭的左心形态及舒张功能的超声评价

目的探讨左室舒张性心力衰竭(LVDHF)的左心形态及舒张功能的超声心动图特点。方法 LVDHF组60例,健康体检30例为对照组,超声心动图测量左房内径(LAD)、左室内径(LVD)、舒张期室间隔厚度(IVST)、左室后壁厚度(LVPWT)、左室射血分数(LVEF)、二尖瓣口舒张早期流速峰值(E)、肺静脉反向血流速度(Ar)、彩色M型血流传播速度(Vp)、二尖瓣瓣环舒张早晚期速度比(Ea/Aa)、E/Ea及心室收缩期与舒张期正向波峰速比(S/D)。结果与对照组比较,LVDHF组LAD、IVST、LVPWT、E/Ea及Ar均增加,Ea/Aa、Vp及S/D均减小,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论超声心动图能正确判断左室舒张功能,是目前临床通用的诊断左室舒张性心力衰竭的最佳办法。     

慢性舒张性心力衰竭合并睡眠呼吸紊乱的观察

目的观察慢性舒张性心力衰竭患者睡眠呼吸紊乱（SDB）发生情况。方法对舒张性心力衰竭患者（现有或既往曾有充血性心力衰竭症状、超声心动网射血分数≥45％且E／A〈1）应用便携式睡眠监测仪Embletta进行睡眠监测，根据呼吸紊乱指数（AHI）将患者分为SDB组（AHI〉10次／h）和非SDB组（AHI≤10次／h），观察两组睡眠期间AHI与血氧饱和度（SO2）（平均SO2、最低SO2和SO2〈90％）和心率（最低心率、最高心率和最大心率变化）的关系。结果共观察36例患者，其巾15例（41．7％）表现出AHI〉10次／h而分为SDB组，其余21例为非SDB组。两组AHI分别为（24．5&#177;15．0）次／h和（4．6&#177;2．7）次／h，睡眠巾最低SO2分别为（78．9&#177;8．7）％和（86．7&#177;3．4）％（P〈0．05）。AHI与SO2〈90％占总记录时间百分比、最低SO2相关（r=0．615和r=-0．626，P〈0．01）。SDB组和非SDB组发生严重心动过缓（心室率≤40次／min）分别为80．0％（12／15）和28．6％（6／21）（P〈0．05）。两组最低心率分别为（36．8&#177;7．0）次／min和（43．7&#177;5．6）次／min，并与AHI、SO2〈90％时间呈负相关（r=-0．489和r=-0．515），与最低SO，呈正相关（r=0．559）（P均〈0．05）。两组最大心率变化分别为（51．8&#177;19．5）次／min和（40．7&#177;9．7）次／min，并与AHI、SO2〈90％的时间呈正相关（r=0．537和r=0．319），与最低SO2、平均SO2呈负相关（r=-0．428和r=-0．344）（P均〈0．05）。结论慢性舒张性心力衰竭合并SDB的患病率很高且伴发严重夜间低氧血症，并可导致患者夜间出现严重心动过缓。     

Systolic heart failure: practical implementation of standard guidelines

Congestive heart failure (CHF) is being described as an epidemic of the next decade. Despite significant advances in the treatment of systolic heart failure, community mortality remains high, which is partly due to a failure to implement standard guidelines. The purpose of this article is to describe the scope of the problem, advances in pathophysiology, common clinical scenarios, and practical implementation of standard therapies for CHF.     

超声多普勒对舒张性心力衰竭的评估研究

目的探讨超声心动图对舒张性心力衰竭（DHF）患者心功能的评估。方法选择DHF患者108例（DHF组）,其中心功能分级Ⅲ级69例、Ⅳ级39例,另选健康对照组34例。应用频谱多普勒结合组织多普勒成像测定两组患者心腔大小、左室舒张功能及左室舒张末压。结果两组左室射血分数（LVEF）比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）;DHF组左房内径（LA）、室间隔厚度（IVS）、左室后壁厚度（LVPw）较对照组增厚,二尖瓣口舒张早期流速峰值／二尖瓣口舒张晚期流速峰值（E／A）〈1者占80．6％,E／A〉1者占19．4％;对照组组织多普勒成像检测二尖瓣环运动频谱正常,二尖瓣环舒张早期运动速度峰值大于二尖瓣环舒张晚期运动速度峰值（Em〉Am）;DHF组组织多普勒成像检测二尖瓣环运动频谱异常,Em〈Am,两组间比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论多普勒超声心动图是目前无创评价心室舒张功能最常用和最重要的方法,应用频谱多普勒和TDI联合评价心室舒张功能,纠正了频谱多普勒评价心室舒张功能的“假性正常化”。     

Renin‐angiotensin system gene polymorphisms and diastolic heart failure

Background Diastolic heart failure (DHF) refers to an abnormality of diastolic distensibility, filling or relaxation of the left ventricle. The genetic study of DHF is scarce in the literature. The association of renin‐angiotensin system (RAS) and DHF are well known. We hypothesized that RAS genes might be the susceptible genes for DHF and conducted a case‐control study to prove the hypothesis. Materials and methods A total of 1452 consecutive patients were analysed and 148 patients with a diagnosis of DHF confirmed by echocardiography were recruited. We had two control populations. The first controls consisted of 286 normal subjects while the second were 148 matched controls selected on a 1‐to‐1 basis by age, sex, hypertension, diabetes and medication use. The angiotensin‐converting enzyme (ACE) gene insertion/deletion polymorphism; multilocus polymorphisms of the angiotensinogen gene; and the A1166C polymorphisms of the angiotensin II type I receptor (AT₁R) gene were genotyped. Results In a single‐locus analysis, the odds ratios (ORs) for DHF were significant with the ACE DD genotype and the AT₁R 1166 CC plus AC genotype. In addition, the concomitant presence of ACE DD and AT₁R 1166 CC/AC genotypes synergistically increased the predisposition to DHF. Conclusions Genetic variants in the RAS genes may determine an individual's risk to develop DHF. There is also a synergistic gene‐gene interaction between the RAS genes in the development of DHF.     

BNP和NT-proBNP在鉴别舒张性心力衰竭中的应用研究

目的 研究慢性心力衰竭患者血浆BNP及NT-proBNP浓度的变化,评价BNP及NT-proBNP对鉴别舒张性心力衰竭的作用.方法 对2004-2006年在解放军总医院临床诊断为舒张性心力衰竭129例患者和收缩性心力衰竭109例患者进行血浆BNP和NT-proBNP浓度测定,通过与对照组(77名)的比较,分析血浆BNP和NT-proBNP升高的相关因素,并用ROC曲线评价BNP和NT-proBNP对鉴别舒张性心力衰竭的作用.结果 和对照组(血浆BNP和NT-proBNP浓度中位数分别为58.51 ng/L和69.80 ng/L)比较,慢性心力衰竭患者血浆BNP和NT-proBNP浓度明显升高,其中舒张性心力衰竭和收缩性心力衰竭组患者血浆BNP浓度中位数分别为254.16 ng/L和923.08 ng/L,NT-proBNP浓度中位数分别为899 ng/L和3 695 ng/L,血浆BNP和NT-proBNP升高的程度与NYHA心功能分级显著相关(β值分别为0.201和0.323,P值均<0.001).BNP和NT-proBNP诊断慢性心力衰竭的曲线下面积分别为0.906(95%可信区间:0.865～0.946)和0.956(95%可信区间:0.932～0.980),BNP鉴别舒张性心力衰竭和收缩性心力衰竭的曲线下面积为0.781(95%可信区间:0.710～0.852),NT-proBNP鉴别舒张性心力衰竭和收缩性心力衰竭的曲线下面积为0.757(95%可信区间:0.686～0.828).结论 慢性心力衰竭患者的血浆BNP和NT-proBNP水平均明显升高,升高的程度和NYHA心功能分级相关,两者是诊断慢性心力衰竭的良好指标,但对鉴别舒张性心力衰竭的作用不大.     

赖诺普利联合螺内酯治疗舒张性心力衰竭的疗效观察

目的：观察赖诺普利联合螺内酯治疗舒张性心力衰竭（DHF）的临床疗效。方法：将88例DHF患者,依据治疗方案分为治疗组（45例）和对照组（43例）,对照组给予基础治疗（包括硝酸酯类、钙拮抗药、排钾利尿药、β受体阻断药）,治疗组在此基础上口服赖诺普利（5—10mg／d）和螺内酯（20mg／d）,比较治疗前后两组脑钠肽、舒张早期二尖瓣血流速度峰值（E）、二尖瓣舒张环早期运动速度（Ea）和舒张晚期运动速度（Aa）、Ea／Aa、E／Ea、肺静脉舒张晚期逆行血流峰值（PVF-A）、左心房内径（IAD）及6min步行试验（6MWT）等,随访1年。结果：与治疗前比较,治疗后两组患者6MWT增加,E峰、PVF-A、E／Ea、脑钠肽降低,Ea及Ea／Aa升高（P〈0．01或0．05）,治疗组治疗后IAD缩小（P〈0．05）。两组治疗后比较,除LAD、Ea无明显差异外,其余指标治疗组改善均优于对照组（P〈0．01）。治疗组心功能改善总有效率达93％,明显高于对照组（P〈0．01）。结论：基础治疗联合赖诺普利、螺内酯能更明显改善DHF患者的舒张功能,提高患者运动耐量,改善临床症状。     

Systolic heart failure and cardiac resynchronization therapy: a focus on diastole

Conflicting data exist about the effects of cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) on diastolic function (DF). Aim of the study was to assess if and how CRT affects DF in systolic heart failure patients. We also investigated potential relations between CRT-induced left ventricular changes and the composite clinical endpoint of progressive heart failure and cardiac death over 3 years follow-up. 119 CRT patients underwent clinical evaluation and echocardiography before CRT and 4 months later. DF was quantified by transmitral velocities [E/A waves, deceleration time (DT), E/DT], early diastolic mitral annulus velocity (E′), E/E′ ratio and 2-D speckle tracking strain rate during isovolumetric relaxation (IVR, SRivr). End-diastolic pressure–volume relationship (EDPVR) was also assessed noninvasively using a single-beat method. Overall stiffness was quantified by ventricular stiffness (K_lv) normalized to end-diastolic volume (EDV). New York Heart Association class improved at 4 months (from 2.7 ± 0.7 to 1.9 ± 0.6, p < 0.001) as did ventricular filling (E/DT from 0.48 ± 0.29 to 0.39 ± 0.31 cm/s², p = 0.01). In contrast, relaxation (E′, SRivr) and filling pressures (E/E′, E/SRivr) did not change. Slope of EDPVR did not change with CRT. Such finding, together with an unmodified Klv/EDV and a 7 ± 18 % reduction in EDV (p = 0.001), suggested reverse remodelling towards a smaller equilibrium volume. Finally, end-systolic LV volume decreased from 147 ± 59 to 125 ± 52 ml and ejection fraction increased from 0.26 ± 0.07 to 0.32 ± 0.09 (both p < 0.001). Using a Cox regression model we found that only changes (Δ) in diastolic, but not systolic indexes, correlated with the composite clinical endpoint, with increments in ΔEDV20 and ΔE/DT, single or combined, greatly increasing risk of heart failure and/or cardiac death (p = 0.003). Ventricular reverse remodelling, together with improvement in ventricular filling, rather than improvements of systolic function, predict clinical prognosis long-term post-CRT.     

老年舒张性心力衰竭30例临床分析

目的　探讨舒张性心力衰竭的临床特点。方法　对 30例舒张性心力衰竭患者的临床表现特点及X线、心超检查进行临床分析。结果　 30例舒张性心力衰竭中 ,劳力性呼吸困难 2 8例 ,咳嗽、咳痰 2 2例 ,两中下肺湿罗音 2 6例 ,X线心胸比例 <0 5 1,心超左室舒张末期内径小于 6 0mm ,内径缩短率大于 2 5 % ,射血分数正常。结论　舒张性心力衰竭在冠心病、高心病、肥厚性心肌病、主动脉瓣狭窄等病中发生率高。治疗中钙拮抗剂为首选 ,不主张使用正性收缩剂