MRI在食管癌中的应用

 51例食管癌作了MRI检查。对其中手术的14例进行了MRI与手术及病理的对照观察。MRI分辨率高并能够多方向扫描，因而能显示肿瘤的大小、范围，有无外侵及有无淋巴结转移。对估计癌瘤能否手术切除有重要作用。肿瘤侵及气管支气管，侵及主动脉；或侵及心包为不能切除的指征。本组诊断气道受侵的符合率及主动脉受侵的符合率均为92．8％。因此食管癌术前行MRI检查十分重要，可减少不必要的开胸探查。15例食管癌手术后作了MRI随诊，其中14例有阳性发现，最多见的为纵隔淋巴结转移，其次为吻合口区复发，残段食管癌、肋骨及肺转移。术后MRI随诊可及早发现复发及转移，以使病人能得到及时的治疗。     

CD4+T细胞在抗肿瘤过继性免疫治疗中作用的研究

目的：观察CIK细胞中CD4^＋T细胞中Th1／Th2亚群分布情况。方法：体外大规模扩增CIK细胞，磁珠法纯化其中CD4^＋T细胞．采用胞内染色、ELISA和荧光定量RT—PCR法检测培养前后Th1／Th2细胞亚群的比例、Th1／Th2类细胞因子的分泌量和基因表达的变化。结果：富集CD4^＋细胞纯度达96％，CIK中Th1亚群和Th0亚群的比例较PBMC显著升高（P〈0．05），而Th2亚群无显著变化。CD4^＋CIK细胞中IL-2和IFN-γ等Th1类细胞因子释放量增高（P〈0．01），而IL－10和TGF-β等Th2类细胞因子释放量降低（P〈0．05）。但CD4^＋CIK细胞中除IFN-γ／的mRNA显著升高外（P〈0．05）．IL-2和IL-4的mRNA变化不明显。结论：CIK细胞中的CD4^＋T细胞具有明显的Th1优势。     

Comparison of Motion-Insensitive T2-Weighted MRI Pulse Sequences for Visualization of the Prostatic Urethra During MR Simulation

PurposeThe use of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for radiation therapy simulation is growing because of its ability to provide excellent delineation of target tissue and organs at risk. With the use of hypofractionated schemes in prostate cancer, urethral sparing is essential; however, visualization of the prostatic urethra can be challenging because of the presence of benign prostatic hyperplasia as well as respiratory motion artifacts. The goal of this study was to compare the utility of 2 motion-insensitive, T2-weighted MRI pulse sequences for urethra visualization in the setting of MRI-based simulation.Methods and MaterialsTwenty-two patients undergoing MRI simulation without Foley catheters were imaged on a 3 Tesla MRI scanner between October 2018 and January 2019. Sagittal multislice data were acquired using (1) MultiVane XD radial sampling with parallel imaging acceleration (MVXD) and (2) single-shot fast-spin-echo (SSFSE) sequences with acquisition times of 2 to 3 minutes per sequence. For each examination, 2 genitourinary radiologists scored prostatic urethra visibility on a 1-to-5 scale and rated the signal-to-noise ratio and the presence of artifacts in each series.ResultsUrethral visibility was scored higher in the MVXD series than in the SSFSE series in 18 of 22 cases (Reader 1) and 17 of 22 cases (Reader 2). The differences in scores between MVXD and SSFSE were statistically significant for both readers (P < .0001 for both, paired Student's t-test) and interobserver agreement was high (Cohen's kappa = 0.67). Both readers found the signal-to-noise ratio of the MVXD sequence to be superior in all cases. The MVXD sequence was found to generate more artifacts than the SSFSE sequence, but these tended to appear in the periphery and did not affect the ability to visualize the urethra.ConclusionsA radial T2-weighted multislice pulse sequence was superior to an SSFSE sequence for visualization of the urethra in the setting of magnetic resonance simulation for prostate cancer.     

Mediation of in vivo Tumor-neutralizing Activity by Lyt-2+ as Well as L3T4+ T Cell Subsets*1

The present study reexamines the cell surface nature of T cells mediating in vivo protective tumor immunity with the use of anti-L3T4 and -Lyt-2 antibodies. C3H/HeN mice hyperimmune against syngeneic MH134 hepatoma or MCH-1-A1 fibrosarcoma were prepared by intradermal (id) inoculation of viable tumor cells followed by surgical resection of the tumor and by repeated challenges with viable tumor cells. Spleen cells from these mice were fractionated into L3T4⁺ or Lyt-2⁺ T cell subset by treatment with anti-Lyt-2 or -L3T4 antibody plus complement (C). Winn assays performed by utilizing such fractionated T cells have revealed that both L3T4⁺ and Lyt-2⁺ T cell subsets from hyperimmune mice produced complete tumor protection. Flow microfluorometry study illustrated that the treatment with anti-L3T4 or -Lyt-2 antibody plus C resulted in the complete isolation of L3T4^? Lyt-2⁺ (Lyt-2⁺) or L3T4⁺ Lyt-2^? (L3T4⁺) T cell subset, respectively. This contrasted with the failure of treatment with anti-Lyt-1 antibody plus C to isolate all T cells expressing Lyt-2 marker. It was further demonstrated that each subset of T cells exerted its anti-tumor effect in a tumor-specific way and without a requirement for the other alternative subpopulation of unprimed T cells. These results indicate that Lyt-2⁺ T cell subset can be successfully isolated by treatment with anti-L3T4 but not with anti-Lyt-I antibody plus C, and that each single subset of Lyt-2⁺ and L3T4⁺ T cells can function as in vivo effector T cells.     

CD4＋CD25＋Foxp3＋Treg细胞调控肿瘤免疫抑制微环境的研究进展

目的： CD4＋CD25＋Foxp3＋调节性T细胞（ Treg ）是肿瘤免疫抑制微环境的主要组成部分,其在肿瘤的免疫抑制微环境中分泌IL－10、IL－35、TGF－β1和FGL2等细胞因子发挥免疫抑制作用。Treg细胞抑制CD4＋T、CD8＋T淋巴细胞和NK细胞,进而抑制特异性抗肿瘤免疫反应使肿瘤细胞更容易逃避免疫监视。进一步研究Treg细胞在肿瘤免疫中的作用机制,对深入了解恶性肿瘤的发病机制及免疫治疗具有重要的理论意义。此外,Treg细胞及其分泌的细胞因子在肿瘤治疗和预后评估等方面也具有广阔的临床应用前景。     

The role of TRPV1 in the CD4+ T cell-mediated inflammatory response of allergic rhinitis

Transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1), which has been identified as a molecular target for the activation of sensory neurons by various painful stimuli, was reported to regulate the signaling and activation of CD4⁺ T cells. However, the role of TRPV1 in CD4⁺ T cell in allergic rhinitis remains poorly understood. In this study, TRPV1 expression was localized in CD4⁺ T cells. Both knockout and chemical inhibition of TRPV1 suppressed Th2/Th17 cytokine production in CD4 T cells and Jurkat T cells, respectively, and can suppress T cell receptor signaling pathways including NF-κB, MAP kinase, and NFAT. In TRPV1 knockout allergic rhinitis (AR) mice, eosinophil infiltration, Th2/Th17 cytokines in the nasal mucosa, and total and ova-specific IgE levels in serum decreased, compared with wild-type AR mice. The TRPV1 antagonists, BCTC or theobromine, showed similar inhibitory immunologic effects on AR mice models. In addition, the number of TRPV1⁺/CD4⁺ inflammatory cells increased in the nasal mucosa of patients with AR, compared with that of control subjects. Thus, TRPV1 activation on CD4⁺ T cells is involved in T cell receptor signaling, and it could be a novel therapeutic target in AR.     

CD+4 CD+25调节T细胞的生物学功能及其在移植物抗宿主病中作用的研究进展

 CCD+4 CD+25 调节T（Treg）细胞具有免疫无能性和免疫抑制性两大功能特征,是抑制性T细胞的一种亚群。能抑制效应细胞CD+4 T细胞和CD+8 T细胞的活化与增殖,从而有效抑制免疫系统对外来器官产生的排异反应,减轻了造血干细胞移植（HSCT）术后移植物抗宿主病（GVHD）,而且不影响移植物抗白血病（GVL）效应,从而在移植免疫耐受中发挥重要的作用。     

软骨肉瘤患者Th1/Th2的变化

目的观察软骨肉瘤患者T淋巴细胞亚群中Th1/Th2的变化,为细胞因子免疫治疗提供依据。方法应用放射免疫分析法以及酶联免疫分析法检测32例软骨肉瘤患者血清中IL-2、IL-4、IL-6、IL-10、IL-12的含量,检测外周血单个核细胞在有或无植物血凝素(PHA)存在情况下培养上清中IL-2、IL-4含量。结果软骨肉瘤患者血清及培养上清中IL-2、IL-12减少(P＜0.001),而IL-10、IL-4、IL-6含量增加(P＜0.01),在使用PHA刺激时,患者淋巴细胞分泌IL-2能力显著降低,而IL-4显著升高。结论软骨肉瘤患者体内存在有Th1/Th2平衡失调,其中Th1亚群功能抑制,Th2亚群功能亢进。