盐田区1999～2003年医疗机构消毒质量监测结果分析

目的：对盐田区医疗机构消毒质量进行监测，了解其消毒质量状况。方法：按《医院消毒卫生标准》和《消毒与灭菌的评价方法与标准》对1999～2003年对盐田区医疗机构进行监测。结果：监测样品3690份，合格3500份，总合格率94．85％，消毒质量稳中提高，区级医疗机构消毒质量较好，镇级和个体医疗机构消毒质量相对较差，室内空气、物体表面、医护人员手相对较差。结论：提高医护人员消毒管理意识，加强消毒质量管理，才能有效防止院内感染。     

2004-2006年华容县城乡医疗机构消毒监测情况分析

目的为了解城区华容县城乡医疗机构消毒质量情况,找出消毒管理中存在的问题。方法2004—2006年每半年一次对华容县城区各级各类医疗机构按卫生部《消毒技术规范》及国家标准GB15981—1995、GB15982—1995进行消毒质量检测及评价。结果总监测合格率较高,为91.39%,各类样品中消毒液合格率较高,灭菌物品合格率较低。县(乡)级医疗机构与村级医疗机构监测合格率有显著差异。结论提示村级医疗机构消毒质量监测仍是今后消毒监督监测管理的重点。     

成都市工矿企业医疗机构消毒卫生工作质量监测

为贯彻落实《消毒管理办法》及《消毒技术规范》 ,提高消毒灭菌质量 ,防止医院内感染发生 ,1993～ 1999年 ,对我市工矿企业医疗机构开展消毒卫生监测。 1993～ 1995年监测方法和判断标准按《消毒管理办法》和《消毒技术规范》 ;1996～ 1999年依据ＧＢ15 982 - 1995《医院消毒卫生标准》 ,ＧＢ15 981- 1995《消毒与灭菌效果评价方法》 ,中规定的监测方和判断标准 ;抽检重点科室的室内空气 ,物体表面 ,使用中消毒液 ,压力蒸气灭菌效果。监测结果报告如下。结果　 1993～ 1995年对本市 19所工矿企业医疗机构消毒质量监测合格率为 83 95 % ,其中…     

荣成市医疗机构消毒质量监测情况分析

目的分析医疗机构等场所消毒质量监测。方法按照《消毒管理办法》、《消毒技术规范》要求,对医疗机构消毒质量进行监测。结果共监测荣成市102个医疗机构,111个监测点444份样品,空气、操作台表面、医护人员手合格率分别为71.17%、93.69%、86.49%。结论空气、医护人员手合格率明显低于相关报道的合格率,主要是个体诊所、牙科诊所,从消毒设施、设备到管理水平、从业人员素质都亟待进一步提高。     

常州市天宁区医疗机构消毒质量监测结果分析

为了贯彻执行《传染病防治法》和《消毒管理办法》,强化对社区卫生服务医疗机构消毒质量管理,预防和控制院内感染,杜绝医源性传播,2002年～2004年对常州市天宁区辖区内医疗门诊部、社区卫生服务站、社区卫生服务中心及个体医疗机构消毒质量进行了监测,现将结果报告如下。     

肥东县医疗机构2005年消毒质量监测结果分析

为了解肥东县医疗机构消毒工作现状,促进医疗机构规范开展消毒及院内感染控制工作,提高消毒质量,保证医疗安全,依据《传染病防治法》、《消毒管理办法》等法律法规的规定,2005年我们组织对全县420家各级各类医疗机构的消毒质量进行了监测,现报告如下。1材料与方法1.1监测对象和内容监测对象为肥东县所有的医疗机构,包括县级医院、乡镇卫生院和村卫生室(含个体诊所);监测内容包括医疗机构手术室、产房、治疗室、供应室等科室的空气、物体表面和医护人员手、使用中的消毒液(保存液)、牙科器械、灭菌医疗用品、高压锅和紫外线灯等。1.2监测方法…     

枣庄市2004～2009年医疗机构消毒质量监测结果分析

目的摸清医疗机构消毒质量情况,加强医疗机构消毒卫生管理。方法按《消毒技术规范》的技术要求检测,依据《消毒与灭菌效果的评价与标准》,《医院消毒卫生标准》进行评价。结果总合格率为91.17%;各年份合格率比较,合格率呈逐年升高的趋势(χ2=21.07,P﹤0.005);市、区和镇级医疗机构样本合格率分别为94.42%、91.55%和88.81%。市级医疗机构合格率高于区级和乡镇级(χ2=34.17,P﹤0.005);不同监测样品中,医疗用品和高压蒸汽灭菌器合格率最高,差异有统计学意义(χ2=234.83,P﹤0.005)。结论医疗机构消毒质量合格率逐年升高,要加强对基层医疗机构、空气和医护人员手的消毒质量监测,提高整体消毒质量。     

漯河市2002年～2004年医疗机构消毒监测结果

医院消毒是预防医院内感染的重要措施之一，消毒效果的监测是评价其消毒设备运转是否正常，消毒药剂是否有效，消毒方法是否合理，消毒效果是否达标的唯一手段，因而在医院消毒、灭菌工作中必不可少。为了解新的《消毒管理办法》和新版《消毒技术规范》实施后我市各级各类医疗机构消毒工作质量，2002年～2004年对我市各级各类医疗机构消毒工作质量进行了监测。现将结果报告如下：     

巢湖市医疗机构消毒质量监测结果分析

目的研究巢湖市医疗机构消毒灭菌工作状况,为消毒管理工作提供依据。方法按照《医院消毒卫生标准》和《消毒与灭菌的评价方法与标准》规定的方法进行采样监测。结果市、县、厂矿医疗机构消毒监测总合格率分别为90.60%,81.60%,70.5.%,市级与县级、厂矿医疗机构总合格率差异有显著性（P〈0.05）。各类监测样本中空气中细菌含量合格率最低（33.33%）。结论应进一步加强医疗机构特别是县级和厂矿医疗机构消毒质量的管理,重点为空气消毒和压力蒸汽灭菌。     

延平区2002年医疗机构消毒质量监测分析

目的：了解延平区城乡各级医疗机构消毒质量情况。方法：按《消毒技术规范》和《医院消毒卫生标准》对延平区各级医疗机构消毒质量进行监测。结果：医疗机构消毒总合格率为73．0％，其中医院为96．4％、卫生所为79.7％、诊所为53．6％，在各类样品监测中医院合格率最高，其次为卫生所，而诊所最低。结论：该区各级医疗机构消毒质量存在明显差别，今后应针对性地加强消毒质量管理和监督。     

Trends in meningococcal disease in Italy in 1988

Meningococcal disease in Italy decreased 15% in 1988 from the previous year (290 vs. 342 cases). The decline was particularly evident in military cases (1.7/100,000 in 1988 vs. 5/100,000 in 1987) reflecting the full coverage of bivalent serogroup (A + C) meningococcal polysaccaride vaccine in army recruits, achieved since January 1988. The highest proportion of cases was seen in people older than 25 years of age (25%). Serogroup C constituted 60% of the isolates, while 19% belonged to serogroup B. The proportion of strains resistant to sulphonamides was 45%, while 15% were resistant to Minocycline and none to Rifampin. Out of the five military cases, only one (due to serogroup C) was attributable to the vaccine failure. A single coprimary case, but no secondary cases occurred among civilians. These findings are consistent with the trends reported in Italy in the previous years.     

Benzene in blood and phenol in urine in monitoring benzene exposure in industry

Determinations of benzene concentration in blood and of phenol in urine were made by head-space gas chromatography techniques on samples taken near the end of the work day from two groups of workers potentially exposed to low levels of benzene in the work-place atmosphere. Preliminary results suggest that benzene in blood is more reliable than phenol tests for assessing both exposure and uptake of benzene. Normal values of phenol in urine (10 mg/liter or less) were found in nearly all those cases in which benzene was detected in the blood.     

2015年郑州市饮用水放射性水平状况调查

目的了解郑州市不同地区、不同季节、不同水源类型的放射性水平。方法分别于丰水期和枯水期采集郑州市区黄河水源水、井水源水、丹江口水源水、出厂水和末梢水各一份;以县为单位,每单位采集出厂水、末梢水、水库水、河水、井水各1份,按《生活饮用水生活标准检验方法》(GB/T 5750.13-2006)检测饮用水中总α和总β放射性水平,依据《生活饮用水卫生标准》(GB 5749-2006)进行判定。结果丰水期、枯水期水体总α、总β放射性水平均低于国家标准限值。结论郑州市不同水源类型均处于正常的天然放射性本底水平。     

Occupational stress in nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan

Nurses are known to be exposed to occupational stress. However, occupational stress is not well documented for nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. A cross-sectional study was conducted to explore the work-related stress and risk factors of nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. A structured questionnaire was distributed to nurses at five state-owned psychiatric hospitals in Taiwan in 2001. Demographic information, working environment, and personal health status were inquired. Occupational stress was assessed based on the Chinese version of Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ). General health status and mental health were evaluated by the International Quality of Life Assessment Short Form-36 (IQOLA SF-36). A total of 573 questionnaires were disseminated to nurses and 518 (90.4%) were satisfactorily completed by nurses, including 408 female full-time nurses who had been in their current work for more than 6 months. In the past one month, 17.2% of nurses reported being under significant stress often or always. Assault episodes were reported by 45.1% of nurses in the past 6 months. Among the nurses, 16.9%, 25.2%, 50.0%, and 7.8% belong to the "High strain", "Low strain", "Active", and "Passive" groups, respectively. Perceived occupational stress was associated with young age, widowed/divorced/separated marital status, high psychological demand, low workplace support, and threat of assault at work. Lower general health score was associated with low job control, high psychological demand, and perceived occupational stress. A lower mental health score was associated with low job control, high psychological demand, low workplace support, and perceived occupational stress. We concluded that nurses in psychiatric institutions are under significant stress related to work factors.     

Changes in nursing administration in supporting transplantation in Brazil

This historical and bibliographic study aimed to understand how Nursing was organized to support care in transplantation. The HISA, LILACS, BDENF, PERIENF and DEDALUS databases were consulted, and thirteen references were found, ten of which were scientific articles, two were master's dissertations and one was a doctoral thesis. The span of time chosen for study ranges from the date of the first kidney transplant in Brazil (1965), to the date of publication of the last scientific article found in the databases mentioned above (2003). After reading these articles, the ones that were similar in topic were grouped together, thus creating the thematic axis for the presentation of the results. The results showed that the Nursing profession has played an important and active role in transplants ever since the first procedure in 1965.     

2019年中国肿瘤流行病学研究进展

恶性肿瘤已成为中国居民的主要死因之一。近些年来,中国政府积极推进肿瘤预防和控制领域的研究工作,取得了很大的进步。本文简要汇总中国在肿瘤流行病学领域的研究进展,具体包括2019年的肿瘤负担、癌症危险因素及其干预、筛查和早期发现、癌症防治专项行动(2019-2022年)方案等方面,以期为我国肿瘤防治工作的有效开展提供技术支撑和理论依据。     

2012年绵阳市蔬菜中农药残留状况

目的 了解绵阳市2012年市售蔬菜中农药残留情况,为食用蔬菜监管提供依据.方法 全部样品均按照GB/T 5009-2003的方法进行农药的残留检测.依据GB 2763-2005《食品中农药最大残留限量》进行判定.结果 2012年共检测蔬菜165份,农药检出率和超标率分别为72.12％和23.64％.豆类、根茎类、叶菜类、瓜果菜类和食用菌类蔬菜检测农药残留超标率分别为8.00％、23.53％、36.00％、5.26％和27.03％,差异有统计学意义(x2=11.41,P＜0.01).不同种类农药超标率差异有统计学意义(x2 =62.42,P＜0.01).夏季和冬季蔬菜农药超标率差异无统计学意义(x2=3.44,P＞0.05).结论 绵阳市叶菜类蔬菜中农药残留情况较为严重,应采取有效措施,加强蔬菜的监督管理,从源头禁止高毒农药的使用,加大蔬菜种植、销售环节的监测,确保市民食用蔬菜的安全.