脑脊液免疫球蛋白及白蛋白对脑膜炎的鉴别诊断意义

目的　分析脑脊液 (CSF)免疫球蛋白 (Ig)和白蛋白 (Alb)对病毒性脑膜炎 (VM )、结核性脑膜炎 (TM )、化脓性脑膜炎(PM )的鉴别诊断意义。方法　用速率散射比浊法测定VM 5 3例 ,TM 40例 ,PM 14例患者CSFIg和Alb的含量。结果　IgG、IgM和Alb在TM和PM中均显著高于VM组 (P <0 0 0 1) ,且以PM升高最明显 ,但TM和PM间 ,Alb及比值变化无显著性意义 ;与VM相比 ,TM以IgG变化最突出 ( 75 %) ,PM以IgM变化为显著 ( 78%) ;Alb在TM和PM升高比例最高 ( 10 0 %)。PM 14例中有 12例 ( 85 .7%)、TM 40例中仅 6例 ( 15 %)符合典型CSF常规和生化改变。如果把CSFAlb >3 0 0mg/L和IgG >61mg/L作为条件 ,则TM的诊断阳性率达 3 8/ 40 ( 95 %)。结论　TM和PM血脑屏障的破坏明显大于VM ,CSFIg和Alb的含量检测弥补了CSF常规分析的不足 ,有助于颅内感染的诊断和鉴别诊断     

克山病患者的抗氧化酶活性及血管内皮功能

目的 观察山东省克山病患者的抗氧化酶活性和血管内皮功能，探讨二者与克山病发生发展的关系。方法 选择慢型、潜在型克山病患者57人、病区健康人34人、非病区健康人36人，分别采集清晨空腹外周血按试剂盒要求检测血清及红细胞GSH—Px、SOD、LPO、LT、NO、NOS含量及活性。结果 ①病区人群红细胞GSH—Px活性较非病区健康人明显降低（P＜0．01）；RBCSOD含量也较非病区健康人明显减少（P＜0．01）、RBCSOD活性减低（P＜0．01）；②克山病患者血清LPO含量明显升高，与病区和非病区健康人之间差异有统计学意义（P＜0．01），病区健康人又较非病区健康人明显升高（P＜0．01）；③克山病患者LT、NO和NOS含量明显高于病区健康人（P＜0．01），且慢型克山病患者与潜在型克山病患者之间差异有统计学意义（P＜0．01）。结论 克山病患者和病区健康人的红细胞抗氧化功能明显降低；血管内皮功能失调，二者在克山病发生发展中存在某种联动关系，加重心肌缺血、缺氧，导致心肌变性、坏死和瘢痕形成。     

Macronutrients and Micronutrients in Parenteral Nutrition for Preterm Newborns: A Narrative Review

Preterm neonates display a high risk of postnatal malnutrition, especially at very low gestational ages, because nutritional stores are less in younger preterm infants. For this reason nutrition and growth in early life play a pivotal role in the establishment of the long-term health of premature infants. Nutritional care for preterm neonates remains a challenge in clinical practice. According to the recent and latest recommendations from ESPGHAN, at birth, water intake of 70–80 mL/kg/day is suggested, progressively increasing to 150 mL/kg/day by the end of the first week of life, along with a calorie intake of 120 kcal/kg/day and a minimum protein intake of 2.5–3 g/kg/day. Regarding glucose intake, an infusion rate of 3–5 mg/kg/min is recommended, but VLBW and ELBW preterm neonates may require up to 12 mg/kg/min. In preterm infants, lipid emulsions can be started immediately after birth at a dosage of 0.5–1 g/kg/day. However, some authors have recently shown that it is not always possible to achieve optimal and recommended nutrition, due to the complexity of the daily management of premature infants, especially if extremely preterm. It would be desirable if multicenter randomized controlled trials were designed to explore the effect of early nutrition and growth on long-term health.     

咀嚼肌外感受抑制试验在紧张型头痛患者中的应用

目的探讨三叉神经颞肌、咬肌外感受抑制试验（ES）检测紧张型头痛的应用价值。方法对30名紧张型头痛和30名正常志愿者利用肌电图（EMG）刺激眶下神经进行ES试验,检测颞肌、咬肌的潜伏期和时限。结果与对照组相比,紧张型头痛患者的第2抑制期（ES2）潜伏期延长,时限缩短现象。经t检验,紧张型头痛组左右侧颞肌和咬肌EF2潜伏期、左侧颞肌时限与对照组比较,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05或P〈0.01）。结论咀嚼肌外感受抑制试验对紧张型头痛具有诊断和研究价值。     

Production of various disinfection byproducts in indoor swimming pool waters treated with different disinfection methods

In this study, the concentrations of disinfection byproducts (DBPs), including trihalomethanes (THMs; chloroform, bromodichloromethane, dibromochloromethane, and bromoform), haloacetic acids (HAAs; dichloroacetic acid and trichloroacetic acid), haloacetonitriles (HANs; dichloroacetonitrile, trichloroacetonitrile, bromochloroacetonitrile, and dibromoacetonitrile), and chloral hydrate (CH) were measured in 86 indoor swimming pools in Seoul, Korea, treated using different disinfection methods, such as chlorine, ozone and chlorine, and a technique that uses electrochemically generated mixed oxidants (EGMOs). The correlations between DBPs and other environmental factors such as with total organic carbon (TOC), KMnO(4) consumption, free residual chlorine, pH, and nitrate (NO(3)(-)) in the pools were examined. The geometric mean concentrations of total DBPs in swimming pool waters were 183.1±2.5μg/L, 32.6±2.1μg/L, and 139.9±2.4μg/L in pools disinfected with chlorine, ozone/chlorine, and EGMO, respectively. The mean concentrations of total THMs (TTHMs), total HAAs (THAAs), total HANs (THANs), and CH differed significantly depending on the disinfection method used (P<0.01). Interestingly, THAAs concentrations were the highest, followed by TTHMs, CH, and THANs in all swimming pools regardless of disinfection method. TOC showed a good correlation with the concentrations of DBPs in all swimming pools (chlorine; r=0.82, P<0.01; ozone/chlorine; r=0.52, P<0.01, EGMO; r=0.39, P<0.05). In addition, nitrate was positively correlated with the concentrations of total DBPs in swimming pools disinfected with chlorine and ozone/chlorine (chlorine; r=0.58; ozone/chlorine; r=0.60, P<0.01), whereas was negative correlated with the concentrations of total DBPs (r=-0.53, P<0.01) in the EGMO-treated pools.     

传统凝血试验与血栓弹力图检测诊断腹部创伤患者凝血功能障碍的比较研究

目的比较传统凝血试验(conventional coagulation test, CCT)和血栓弹力图分析仪(thromboelastography,TEG)在诊断腹部创伤患者凝血功能障碍的价值。 方法选择2017年1月至2018年1月东南大学医学院附属江阴市人民医院普通外科收治的38例以腹部创伤为主患者同时进行CCT与TEG监测,比较两种检测方法诊断凝血功能障碍的敏感性与特异性;并对发现创伤后早期(≤6 h)患者亚组进行比较分析。 结果腹部创伤患者凝血功能障碍CCT阳性率(8例,21.1%)明显低于TEG(阳性21,55.2%,P<0.05);创伤后早期凝血功能障碍CCT阳性率(3/13,23.1%)亦明显低于TEG(9/13,69.2%,P<0.05)。 结论TEG诊断创伤后凝血功能障碍的敏感性与特异性明显优于CCT方法,特别是对于创伤后早期凝血功能障碍的诊断TEG更具有优势。     

丙烯腈对男工性激素水平的影响

目的探讨丙烯腈(ACN)对男工性激素水平的影响,全面评价ACN生殖危害,为保护工人及子代健康提供科学依据。方法选112名职业性接触ACN的男工为接触组,同时选择地理位置和经济条件相近的128名不接触ACN男工为对照组,用放射免疫分析法(RIA)测定其血清中睾酮(T)、黄体生成素(FSH)、卵泡刺激素(LH)和雌二醇(E2)浓度。结果接触组男工血清中T和FSH浓度明显低于对照组(P<0.05),LH和E2浓度两组之间差异无显著性。当按车间分组时,ACN浓度较低的溶剂车间的男工血清中T浓度高于其他3个车间,但差异无显著性。当接触组按个人累计外接触剂量(包括吸烟)分组时,接触组男工血清中FSH和T浓度随接触剂量增加呈下降趋势。当外接触剂量≥50g时,T浓度明显降低(P<0.05),E2浓度明显升高(P<0.05);当外接触累计剂量≥100g时,血清中FSH浓度也明显低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论ACN及其代谢产物(CEO)能诱导男工血清中FSH、T和E2水平发生改变;提示,接触ACN可能对内分泌功能和睾丸中支持细胞和间质细胞有损伤,从而可能引起性功能障碍。     

低氧动物血清的EPO生成拮抗效应

实验表明慢性间断低氧（０．４２ａｔｍ，２２ｈ／ｄａｙ）可致小鼠血清促红细胞生成素（ＥＰＯ）浓度早期增加，其后迅速减低；而红细胞生成持续递增。将低氧６天小鼠的血清注入同种小鼠体内，低氧３天后血清ＥＰＯ浓度显著低下。表明低氧动物血清中存在某种拮抗ＥＰＯ生成的体液性因子。     

异位妊娠药物治疗研究进展

近年异位妊娠(ectopic pregnancy,EP)的发病日趋年轻化,剖宫产率增加致剖宫产切口疤痕妊娠(cesarean scar pregnancy,CSP)显著增加,使异位妊娠的药物治疗,成为目前研究的热点。本文聚焦异位妊娠的药物治疗研究进展,旨在探索更为安全、简便、有效、低毒且能保留生育功能的异位妊娠治疗方法。     

Fe、SF、CRP和Hb等浓度的改变与细菌性感染的相关性探讨

目的:探讨细菌性感染患者的血清中铁、铁蛋白、C-反应蛋白和血红蛋白浓度的改变的意义。方法:对细菌性感染患者的血清铁、铁蛋白、C-反应蛋白和血红蛋白进行检测,并把结果与对照组进行分析比较。结果:细菌性感染患者的血清中这四项测定值与对照组比较,血清铁明显降低(P<0.01);铁蛋白明显升高(P<0.05);C-反应蛋白明显升高(P<0.01);血红蛋白浓度无明显改变(P>0.05)。结论:血清铁浓度降低、铁蛋白浓度升高与C-反应蛋白浓度升高一样,可作为患者细菌感染的辅助诊断指标,而血红蛋白浓度的改变与细菌感染无相关性。     

不同时间点锰暴露对大鼠睾丸激素的影响研究

目的 探讨不同时间点锰暴露对大鼠睾丸睾酮、雌二醇、促卵泡激素和促黄体生成素的影响。方法 选取健康成年雄性SD大鼠共96只,在本实验条件适应性喂养7 d后,根据预先设计的授时时间点（ZT2、ZT8、ZT14与ZT20）随机分为对照组与锰暴露组,每组12只。锰暴露组的剂量为30 mg/kg MnCl2,对照组为等容量的蒸馏水,采取腹腔注射的染毒方式,分别于各授时时间点进行染毒,每天1次,持续21 d。d22于相同的授时时间点处死动物,获取动物睾丸,检测其睾酮（T）、雌二醇（E2）、促卵泡激素（FSH）和促黄体生成素（LH）含量。结果 锰暴露可引起睾丸激素的改变,但在不同的授时时间点,其睾丸T、E2、FSH、LH含量的改变不相一致。ZT2暴露时间点,FSH和LH降低,而T升高;ZT8暴露时间点,FSH降低,而E2和T升高;ZT14暴露时间点,所有观察指标变化差异无统计学意义;ZT20暴露时间点,FSH和LH降低,而E2和T升高。结论 锰暴露所致的雄性生殖功能损伤具暴露时间差异性,在锰的生殖毒性评价时可能需考虑其暴露时间。     

托泊替康治疗复发性卵巢癌的系统评价

为评价托泊替康在复发性卵巢癌化疗中的疗效、安全性以及成本效果,通过计算机检索MEDLINE(1966～2005年)等多个数据库资料及互联网相关文献,并用手工检索相关领域的杂志,用循证医学的方法收集有关托泊替康与其他药物相比较治疗复发性卵巢癌的随机对照试验文献.文献检索结果,纳入符合标准的RCT共4个(9篇文献),包括病人1032例,其方法学质量等级为A或B.通过评价:关于托泊替康在复发性卵巢癌的二线化疗中的临床应用,推荐用于耐药性、难治性的卵巢癌,选用治疗效果足够、毒性可以耐受的5天静脉滴注的标准治疗方案.     

Hcy联合凝血功能检测在早孕先兆流产中的应用

目的：探讨同型半胱氨酸（ Hcy）联合凝血功能相关指标的检测在早孕先兆流产患者中的应用价值。方法选取59例先兆流产患者为研究组,另选取81例正常妊娠妇女为对照组。测定Hcy、纤维蛋白原（ Fg）、D－二聚体（ D－D）、血小板（PLT）,并对结果进行分析。结果研究组的Hcy（5．53±1．13μmol／L）、Fg（4．00±0．89g／L）较对照组的Hcy（4．63±1．26μmol／L）、Fg（3．45±0．73g／L）明显升高,差异均有统计学意义（t值分别为3．82、4．64,均P＜0．05）;同样,在研究组中D－D和PLT水平也高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义（t值分别为1．75、6．96,均P＜0．05）。经Spearman相关性分析得出,Hcy分别与Fg、D－D及PLT呈正相关关系（r值分别为0．721、0．447、0．368,均P＜0．05）。对59例先兆流产患者进行随访,按妊娠结局分为顺利分娩、难免流产、过期流产3组,单因素方差分析显示3组Hcy、D－D水平比较差异均有统计学意义（ F值分别为59．348、15．916,均P＜0．05）,Fg和PLT水平比较差异均无统计学意义（均P＞0．05）。结论联合检测血Hcy、Fg、D－D、PLT水平可以判断早期妊娠妇女体内的高凝状态,从而为分析早期先兆流产病因提供依据,更加合理地指导临床治疗,以阻止不良妊娠结局的发生。     

呼吸机机械通气的智能化

对呼吸机智能化的机械通气及呼吸模式进行技术分析。并从理论上探讨智能化机械通气的完善通气技术。提出现代呼吸机的发展前景。     

接触不同浓度混苯对作业人员的影响

目的通过观察血液中血细胞、白细胞、血红蛋白、血小板的变化情况及超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物(GSH-Px)、丙二醛(MDA)的变化情况,探讨SOD、GSH-Px、MDA是否可以作为混苯对人体产生危害的早期敏感指标。方法采用横断面调查设计,对接触不同浓度混苯的作业人员以及对照组的人员进行对比研究,由专业人员进行血样、血清采集及化验。结果在血液系统各个指标还未发生变化的时候,血清学指标SOD、MDA、GSH-Px已经出现异常。结论血清学指标SOD、MDA、GSH-Px可以作为混苯作业工人机体适应性改变和代偿性反应的早期敏感的生物监测指标之一,也可考虑作为损伤的早期诊断和防治工作的理论依据。     

ACTH及睾酮对低氧小鼠红细胞生成的诱导效应

目的观察促肾上腺皮质激素(ACTH)和睾酮(T)对低氧小鼠红细胞生成的影响.方法应用低压舱(0.42atm,22h/d,9days),分别给小鼠注射促红细胞生成素(EPO,200μ/kg@d,ip),ACTH(2.5u/d,SC),T(2.5mg/d,im),皮质醇(0.5mg/d,SC),检测血清EPO和红细胞比容(Hct).结果低氧早期骨髓对EPO高度敏感,持续低氧使敏感性降低.与同期单纯低氧组比较,注射ACTH或T使Hct显著增加(注射皮质醇无影响),血清EPO均未见升高.结论ACTH或T对低氧小鼠红细胞生成存在诱导效应.     

Vitamin A and vitamin D deficiencies exacerbate symptoms in children with autism spectrum disorders

Objectives: This study was designed to investigate the vitamin A (VA) and vitamin D (VD) levels in children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and to determine whether co-deficiency of VA and VD exacerbates clinical symptoms in autistic children.

Methods: The Autism Behavior Checklist, Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS), and Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS) were used to assess the symptoms of 332 children diagnosed as ASD. And the Gesell Developmental Scale (GDS) was used to evaluate neurodevelopment in children with ASD. Anthropometric measurement and questionnaire results were compared for all autistic children and 197 age- and gender-matched control children. Serum retinol levels were detected with high-performance liquid chromatography, and serum levels of 25-OH vitamin D were measured with an immunoassay method in the two groups.

Results: The Z_HA, Z_WA, and Z_BMIA of the children with ASD were significantly lower than those of the control children. Furthermore, higher proportions of children with picky eating, resistance to new foods, and eating problems were observed in the ASD group when compared with the control group. Serum retinol and 25-OH vitamin D levels in autistic children were significantly lower than those in the control children. Additionally, VA and VD co-deficiency impacts more on the symptoms and development in autistic children.

Conclusions: We found that children with autism have more VA and VD deficiencies than control children, and VA and VD co-deficiency may exacerbate the symptoms of children with ASD.     

Rabies virus glycoprotein serology ELISA for measurement of neutralizing antibodies in sera of vaccinated human subjects

BackgroundVaccination provides protection against infection by inducing VNAs mainly against RABV surface GP. The measurement of VNAs to RABV is commonly used to assess the level of immunity in humans and animals after vaccination. A VNA titer of ≥ 0.5 IU/mL of sera indicates adequate response to vaccination. Here, we report the development and validation of a RABV GP serology ELISA kit for semi-quantitative measurement of VNA titers in sera of vaccinated human subjects.MethodsUsing a recombinant RABV GP expressed in mammalian cells as the capture antigen, the ELISA method was established using HuMAb NM57 reference initially and HRIG reference subsequently. The limit of detection (LOD), linear range, reproducibility, and precision of the method were examined. Specificity and sensitivity were established to assess the diagnostic accuracy.ResultsRABV GP for ELISA plate coating and optimal dilution of human serum sample was 1 µg/mL and 1:20, respectively. Multiple assays were carried out by different technicians at different laboratories for assay standardization. Using the HRIG reference, the LOD was found to be 0.02–0.06 IU/mL and the linear range was 0.2–10.0 IU/ mL. The inter-assay CVs were in the range of 6.60–10.79%, indicating the reproducibility. None of the 12 known negative human sera, tested positive by ELISA, highlighting the specificity. A total of 415 unknown positive human sera were double-blind tested by the RFFIT and ELISA. The VNA titer cut-off value of ELISA was set at 1.5 IU/mL to ensure no false-positive. The diagnostic specificity and sensitivity were 100% and 91.1%, respectively.ConclusionsThe validation data characterize this ELISA as a suitable method for semi-quantitative measurement of VNA titers in human serum samples to assess vaccination status. The ELISA kit can offer simplicity, speed, low cost and high throughput, making it a practical tool for monitoring the immune response following vaccination.     

胰岛素自身抗体与原发性高血压的关系

目的：探讨胰岛素自身抗体（IAA）含量与原发性高血压（EHT）的关系，揭示胰岛素抵抗（IR）与EHT的发生机制。方法：在北票市600名60岁以下的小学教师中筛选出EHT58人（排除继发性高血压、原发性肾脏疾患和糖尿病）作为观察组；从该人群中随机抽取血压正常、无肝肾疾患及糖尿病者33人作为对照组。用定量方法检测IAA含量，经χ^2检验、非条件Logistic分析揭示IAA与EHT的关系。结果：EHT组IAA水平比例明显高于对照组，EHT组分别为10．34％，44．83％，对照组分别为33．33％，48．49％，18．18，经χ^2检验有显著性差异（P＜0．05）；在不同因素下，在因素水平较代组均有显著性差异（P＜0．05），且因素的不同水平下IAA与EHT间存在剂量－反应关系；经非条件Logistic分析，最终进入模型的有家族史、胰岛素（IN）、IAA。结论：结果提示IAA与EHT的发生有联系，多因素分析提示IAA可能是EHT的危险因素；IAA与HT妥生联系与年龄、总胆固醇（CHO）、血糖（GLU）、IN有关。