头颈肿瘤患者加速康复外科方案

本项目经过历时6个月的一系列建设性会议完成。利益相关者包括口腔颌面外科医师、耳鼻咽喉科医师、麻醉师、营养师、物理治疗师、言语和语言治疗师以及护理人员。基于目前的文献证据和本团队共识,制定了一个针对头颈肿瘤患者的加速康复外科方案,本方案可供国内相关专业人员参考实施。     

协会网络发布正颌外科患者健康教育材料的现状与分析

目的:深入了解并分析国内外专业协会网络发布正颌外科患者健康教育材料的现状,为优化我国牙颌面畸形患者教育材料提供参考。方法:于2019年6月通过网络搜索,筛选国内外口腔颌面外科、正畸与整形外科专业协会网络发布的正颌外科患者教育材料,由2名研究者独立采用内容分析法,通过Nvivo 12.0软件提取健康教育内容与协会基本资料进行分析。结果:纳入13家口腔颌面外科、正畸及整形外科医师协会,涉及8个国家,教育材料形式多样,教育内容分析得出18项主题,概述了正颌-正畸联合治疗,细化了正颌外科的治疗与护理内容。结论:多国专业医师协会发布了正颌外科患者教育材料,大部分教育内容达成共识,少量主题仍需进一步探讨,有待于进一步融合多学科专业知识,逐步优化、形成适合我国正颌外科患者的教育材料。未来鼓励更多协会参与网络发布健康教育材料,更多口腔医务工作者积极开展相关研究,提高口腔健康教育的可及性,促进多学科合作与发展。     

Role of robotic surgery in oral and maxillofacial, and head and neck surgery

We review the current status of robotic surgery in the head and neck region and its role in oral and maxillofacial surgery.     

A review of recent advances in histopathological assessment of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma

Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is the most common non-cutaneous head and neck (H&N) malignancy. Referrals for suspected SCC are seen by oral and maxillofacial surgery (OMFS) surgeons and represent the bulk of 2-week wait referrals. The diagnosis and treatment of SCC is heavily influenced by national and international guidelines. The majority of research and funding is directed towards this condition. This has led to continuous changes to update these guidelines. However, there remain areas of controversy and conflicting evidence. This article summarises articles pertinent to pathologists between 2016 and 2018 published in the leading British OMFS journal. A total of 22 published articles relating to the histopathology of non-cutaneous H&N SCC were selected.     

Surgeons of oral cancer and leaders of a young specialty: the role of 3 oral and maxillofacial surgeons.

The treatment of oral and related cancer has evolved greatly since the early part of the 20th century. Today, some oral and maxillofacial surgeons include oral cancer surgery as a normal part of their practice. This article will discuss 3 pioneers, Elmer C. Hume, Fred Henny, and Claude La Dow, who shared a career-long commitment to oral cancer surgery, trained future leaders of the specialty, and retained their professional identity within dentistry and oral surgery. Their lives and contributions are profiled within the context of the political climate of oral surgery at the time. Oral cancer surgery within the discipline of oral and maxillofacial surgery declined later in the 20th century as this activity increased among head and neck surgeons based in general surgery and later, otolaryngology. Simultaneously, the interest of American oral surgeons was drawn toward orthognathic surgery and the landmark presentation by Hugo Obwegeser at Walter Reed Army Medical Center in June 1966 signaled the beginning of a shift in the focus of the specialty. The close of the 20th century has witnessed a renaissance of interest in oral cancer surgery within American oral and maxillofacial surgery.     

麻醉学教学在口腔颌面外科毕业后医学教育中的实施与体会

口腔颌面外科住院医师和专科医师需通过麻醉科轮转以获得必要的麻醉基本知识和急救技能。通过开展针对口腔颌面外科医生的麻醉学教学，应用具有麻醉专科特色的教学查房和模拟教学手段来提高口腔颌面外科毕业后医学教育的质量。     

2022年世界卫生组织指南头颈部肿瘤分类的解读：牙源性和颌面部骨肿瘤

世界卫生组织出版的《头颈部肿瘤分类》是口腔颌面外科、口腔病理科医生权威的参考资料。随着近年来分子生物学的飞速发展和诊疗技术的不断提升,作为头颈部肿瘤中一类重要疾病——牙源性和颌面骨肿瘤,它在已经出版的2022年第5版中出现了许多新变化。本文主要与2017年第4版的指南比较,重点阐述了第5版在新分类、新病种和新遗传分子学改变这三方面的内容,以期辅助临床诊疗。     

British Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons first national audit in support of revalidation

This is the first national audit of Fellows of the British Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeon with the specific purpose of supporting consultant revalidation. The audit was performed online. There were 127 responses from 275 email invitations. The audit reflects the range of activity by consultants with over 90% being involved in dento-alveolar, trauma and oral medicine. 78% of consultants performing head and neck oncology had a database and 75% of cleft lip and palate surgeons. Contributions to audits in the last 3 years were least common in oral medicine (7%), skull base (7%), aesthetic surgery (8%), and paediatric maxillofacial surgery (12%). There were many different audits reflected in consultants responses and there is merit in focusing on specific audits suitable for national comparison and benchmarking.     

穿支皮瓣修复口腔颌面-头颈部缺损专家共识

穿支皮瓣由皮肤穿支血管供血,是常用的组织缺损修复形式,但头颈部解剖复杂、缺损形式多样以及穿支血管解剖变异等,阻碍了穿支皮瓣在口腔颌面-头颈部缺损修复中的进一步应用。迄今为止,国内外对于穿支皮瓣修复口腔颌面-头颈部缺损临床应用缺少相关治疗指南,穿支血管的术前评价缺乏统一标准,穿支皮瓣的应用设计缺乏科学的规范,穿支皮瓣修复术后缺少客观的监测和评价体系。为进一步统一和规范穿支皮瓣在口腔颌面-头颈部缺损修复中的应用,提高重建效果,本共识总结全国多家著名医学院校及附属医院口腔颌面外科专家团队的实践经验,供临床医师参考。     

Psychosocial responses to oral and maxillofacial surgery for head and neck cancer

This study involved extensive interviews with 28 patients who had disfiguring oral and maxillofacial surgery for head and neck cancer. The patients, ages 42 to 76 years, had all been informed of their diagnosis and were in 2- to 5-year postoperative follow-up. Findings pertain to how patients deal with the interpersonal and social ramifications of diagnosis and surgical treatment. Fatalism, delays in help-seeking, responses to diagnosis, postsurgical anxiety, and adjustment were reported. Reassurance prior to surgery was sometimes found to limit understanding of postoperative impairment. Oral and maxillofacial surgeons were seen in heroic or imposing roles that impacted on their capacity to be supportive to patients coping with life change and "handicap." The patient treatment decisions were found to be determined by attitudes about death, which motivated patients and surgeons to make difficult or extreme choices. Suffering, social changes, and postoperative uncertainty were patient concerns. Patient strategies for adjusting to disfiguration are examined, and specific recommendations for the oral and maxillofacial surgeon are made.     

Recent advances in the management of salivary gland disease

The management of salivary gland disease forms a considerable part of the work done by oral and maxillofacial surgeons. Fast track and one-stop head and neck lump clinics allow for early diagnosis of salivary gland tumours in most units, the emphasis being on outcome after operation for benign disease. There have been limited advances in salivary gland surgery in recent years. Most recent publications have compared outcome of new methods of treatment with conventional techniques. This article reviews papers related to diseases of the salivary glands published in the British Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery (BJOMS) over a two-year period (2007–2008), and includes other relevant articles to bring readers up to date about salivary gland disease.     

国内外口腔颌面外科教育培训体系对比

口腔颌面外科的范围除了基础的牙及牙槽外科之外,还包括各种复杂的颅颌面手术,因此对口腔颌面外科医生的知识背景要求就不仅限于牙科。虽然其在世界范围的很多地方被归为牙科专业,但也有许多国家会要求从业者获得临床医学和牙科学的双重学位。不同国家和地区的口腔颌面外科教育培训路径各有不同,文章将进行对比分析,并浅谈对于口腔颌面外科医师培养的一些思考。     

超声骨刀在口腔颌面外科的临床应用进展

超声骨刀引入口腔颌面外科领域已有数十年,已有大量文献对超声骨刀的应用及特点进行了研究。本文回顾近年来关于超声骨刀的文献,对超声骨刀的工作原理、临床应用进展等做一综述,为临床医师提供参考。     

Knowledge,Attitude and Awareness of Speciality of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Amongst Medical Consultants of Vadodara District in Gujarat State

Background and Aim

Aim of this study was to survey the knowledge, attitude and awareness of the subject of oral and maxillofacial surgery speciality amongst the consultants and practitioners of medicine in district of Vadodara.

Materials and Methods

List of members of various specialities in medical faculty were obtained from Indian Medical Association, Baroda branch and staff members of medical colleges of Vadodara district. A questionnaire survey was made which was distributed and their options were noted.

Results

Surgical removal of third molar, oral submucous fibrosis and implants were the problems where oral surgeons were preferred. For maxillofacial trauma plastic surgeons and orthopaedic surgeons were preferred than oral surgeons. For maxillofacial pathology E.N.T surgeons were mostly preferred. There is low awareness regarding oral and maxillofacial surgery amongst the general practitioners and medical consultants in Vadodara district.

Conclusion

Survey shows that our training needs to be upgraded and revamped so that our trainees (post graduates in oral surgery) and have a greater “hands-on” exposure during their postgraduate training. They will then be able to handle increasingly complex cases in a multispecialty setup when they graduate and earn the mutual respect of the medical and dental fraternity and also the general public. MBBS students during their dental postings should be made aware of the depth and scope of oral surgery branch.     

Occupational stress in oral and maxillofacial surgeons: tendencies, traits, and triggers

Health professionals are subject to higher levels of stress than the average worker. Little has been written on these subjects, specifically in oral and maxillofacial surgeons. Anecdotally, dentists have been singled out as the health care professionals more likely to be subjected to severe stress, burnout, failed marriages, depression, substance abuse, and commit suicide. However, with oral and maxillofacial surgery being a particularly high-stress specialty of dentistry, a study of the dental literature regarding stress may be relevant. This article explores the myths and realities of stress and burnout in oral and maxillofacial surgeons and the coping skills, both adaptive and maladaptive used by practitioners to deal with their stress. This article also offers some practical suggestions for improving both the mental and physical health of oral and maxillofacial surgeons.     

Machine learning methods applied to risk adjustment of cumulative sum chart methodology to audit free flap outcomes after head and neck surgery

We describe a risk adjustment algorithm to benchmark and report free flap failure rates after immediate reconstruction of head and neck defects. A dataset of surgical care episodes for curative surgery for head and neck cancer and immediate reconstruction (n = 1593) was compiled from multiple NHS hospitals (n = 8). The outcome variable was complete flap failure. Classification models using preoperative patient demographic data, operation data, functional status data and tumour stage data, were built. Machine learning processes are described to model free flap failure. Overall complete flap failure was uncommon (4.7%) with a non-statistical difference seen between hospitals. The champion predictive model had acceptable discrimination (AUROC 0.66). This model was used to risk-adjust cumulative sum (CuSUM) charts. The use of CuSUM charts is a viable way to monitor in a ‘Live Dashboard’ this quality metric as part of the quality outcomes in oral and maxillofacial surgery audit.     

Cosmetic oral and maxillofacial surgery options

BACKGROUND: Dentistry and its related specialties have made exponential increases in the functional and cosmetic treatment of the maxillofacial region. Oral and maxillofacial surgeons historically have been involved in functional and cosmetic rejuvenation of the face, and newer technologies have enhanced the ability to make patients look and feel better. METHODS: Cosmetic oral and maxillofacial surgery is being taught in residency programs, is included in the oral and maxillofacial surgery board examinations and represents a part of contemporary oral and maxillofacial surgery. The author discusses common facial rejuvenation procedures with an emphasis on newer treatment technologies. RESULTS: Many oral and maxillofacial surgeons have the ability to improve the esthetics of the maxillofacial area and related structures. The large number of aging baby boomers and technological advances in cosmetic facial surgery have made these procedures easier to perform and more popular than ever. CONCLUSION: A global diagnosis and treatment plan to include facial esthetics can enhance cosmetic dentistry and serve to frame the work of the restorative dentist. The oral and maxillofacial surgeon can help the dentist and patient pursue both functional and cosmetic improvement with safe and effective procedures. CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: All dentists should be aware and abreast of advances in all areas of dentistry and have a basic understanding of available procedures that can benefit their patients. Cosmetic oral and maxillofacial surgery can enhance the work of the restorative dentist and improve facial esthetics, as well as enhance the well-being of the patient.     

中国口腔颌面外科学科发展调查分析

目的 全面了解中国口腔颌面外科学科发展的现状、发现存在的问题、提出口腔颌面外科可持续发展的策略.方法 设计"口腔颌面外科学科发展问卷调查表",对地市级以上综合医院的口腔科、口腔专科医院、口腔医学院校的口腔颌面外科规模、人力资源、业务范围、医疗工作量、人才培养等项目进行问卷调查,并与5、10年前的状况进行比较.结果 多数医疗机构口腔颌面外科医师人数、病床数、门诊人次增加,业务范围扩大,医疗水平提高.部分基层医疗机构相应医疗指标有下降,超过1/3的医疗机构口腔颌面外科研究生和进修生生源下降.结论 口腔颌面外科在持续发展,但存在基层医疗机构口腔颌面外科力量有所削弱等问题,应采取相应的策略增强学科的竞争力.     

网络平台在口腔颌面外科专科医师培训的初步应用

网络平台是口腔颌面外科专科培训的重要途径,具有极大容量的教学空间,且无时空地域限制,资源丰富。网络平台可打破传统上口腔颌面外科医师通过教材或书籍获取知识的局限,大大提高了获取信息医学资源的速度,为专科医师培训提供了一个更广阔、便捷的方式。因此,加速推广网络平台在口腔颌面外科专科医师培训的应用,有利于保障专科医师规范化培训工作的顺利实施,提高培训质量。     

我国口腔颌面外科面临的挑战及应对浅见

口腔颌面外科对口腔医学的发展具有不可磨灭的贡献,但进入21世纪后,我国口腔颌面外科的发展遇到了不少困难．面临着巨大的挑战。本文结合本地实际和个人体会,从3个方面分析了口腔颌面外科面临的挑战及应该采取的应对措施。相信随着学科的发展和广大口腔颌面外科工作者的不懈努力,口腔颌面外科必将迎来新的辉煌时期。