阿奇霉素联合红霉素序贯治疗小儿支原体肺炎的疗效观察

［摘要］　目的　探讨阿奇霉素联合红霉素序贯治疗小儿支原体肺炎的疗效。方法　对2013-01～2015-01该院收治的80例小儿支原体肺炎患儿,按随机数字表法分为观察组及对照组各40例,对照组采用红霉素治疗,观察组在对照组治疗的基础上加用阿奇霉素治疗,观察两组患儿临床的治疗效果及不良反应发生情况。结果　观察组总有效率为95.0%,明显高于对照组的80.0%,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;观察组咳嗽消失时间、发热消退时间、气促消失时间、肺部啰音消失时间、住院时间及X线阴影消失时间均明显短于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。两组均无严重不良反应发生。结论　阿奇霉素联合红霉素序贯治疗小儿支原体肺炎疗效显著,值得临床推广应用。     

异丙嗪联合丹参川芎嗪治疗眩晕症的临床观察

［摘要］　目的　观察异丙嗪联合丹参川芎嗪治疗眩晕症的临床疗效。方法　选择2011-02～2013-04该院收治的114例眩晕症患者随机分为治疗组和对照组各57例。治疗组给予盐酸异丙嗪,联合丹参川芎嗪治疗;对照组单用盐酸异丙嗪治疗。比较两组的临床疗效、症状消失时间、得分情况以及不良反应。结果　治疗3 d后,治疗组临床疗效高于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗组的眩晕、植物神经症状、耳蜗综合征、前庭功能受损等症状消失时间均明显快于对照组（P<0.01）,症状得分明显低于对照组（P<0.01）。两组不良反应均较轻微,采取相应措施后均消失。结论　异丙嗪联合丹参川芎嗪治疗眩晕症的临床疗效显著,具有推广价值。     

热毒宁治疗儿童社区获得性肺炎的效果观察

［摘要］　目的　观察热毒宁辅助治疗儿童社区获得性肺炎的临床效果。方法　选择200例社区获得性肺炎患儿随机分为治疗组（100例）和对照组（100例）。对照组给予常规治疗,治疗组在常规治疗基础上加热毒宁注射液辅助治疗,连用5～10 d。结果　治疗组临床显效率、总有效率分别为76.00%、96.00%,对照组分别为57.00%、88.00%,两组比较差异有统计学意义（P<0.05或<0.01）;两组发热、咳嗽、气促、肺部啰音改善评分情况及消失时间、住院时间比较差异有统计学意义（P<0.05或<0.01）。结论　热毒宁辅助治疗儿童社区获得性肺炎能显著提高疗效,缩短病程,不良反应少,具有较高的临床应用价值。     

灯盏细辛注射液治疗脑梗死30例疗效观察

［摘要］　目的　观察灯盏细辛注射液治疗脑梗死的疗效和安全性。方法　将60例脑梗死患者随机分为观察组（30例）和对照组（30例）,两组均采用一般治疗,观察组加用灯盏细辛注射液,对照组加用藻酸双酯钠注射液,两组治疗周期均为25 d,治疗结束后判定疗效,并对治疗前后血液流变学指标水平进行比较分析。结果　观察组临床疗效优于对照组（P<0.05）;全血比黏度（高切）、全血比黏度（低切）、血浆比黏度等血液流变学指标水平显著优于治疗前及对照组(P<0.05)。结论　 灯盏细辛注射液治疗急性脑梗死安全有效,可显著改善各项血液流变学指标。     

开喉剑喷雾剂联合热毒宁注射液治疗疱疹性咽峡炎的疗效观察

［摘要］　目的　观察开喉剑喷雾剂(儿童型)联合热毒宁注射液治疗疱疹性咽峡炎的疗效及不良反应。方法　将100例疱疹性咽峡炎患儿分为治疗组55例和对照组45例。治疗组给予开喉剑喷雾剂(儿童型)喷口腔疱疹局部治疗联合热毒宁注射液静脉滴注,对照组给予西瓜霜喷剂喷口腔疱疹局部治疗联合利巴韦林注射液静脉滴注,疗程5～7 d,并根据病情给予相应对症支持治疗。比较两组临床疗效及各项临床疗效观察指标和不良反应。结果　治疗组显效30例,有效20例,无效5例;对照组显效20例,有效15例,无效10例,两组疗效差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。但退热时间、口痛消失时间及疱疹溃疡消退时间,治疗组明显优于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P均<0.01）。对照组有18例出现白细胞总数减少或粒细胞比值下降,治疗组未见不良反应。结论　开喉剑喷雾剂(儿童型)联合毒宁注射液治疗疱疹性咽峡炎疗效确切,安全性高,值得临床推广。     

康艾注射液联合化疗对肺鳞癌患者临床疗效和免疫功能及生活质量的影响

［摘要］　目的　探讨康艾注射液联合化疗对晚期肺鳞癌患者临床疗效和免疫功能及生活质量的影响。方法　收集2017年7月至2020年10月广东医科大学附属医院94例肺鳞癌初治患者,按照随机数字表法分为对照组（45例）和观察组（49例）。对照组接受顺铂+吉西他滨化疗,观察组在对照组的基础上联合康艾注射液辅助治疗,两组均治疗4个疗程。比较两组治疗前后T细胞计数、治疗后的临床疗效、生活质量评分及化疗不良反应情况。结果　治疗后,观察组的客观缓解率高于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）,但两组的疾病控制率差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）;观察组KPS评分高于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;观察组T淋巴细胞总数、T辅助细胞绝对值、T抑制细胞绝对值高于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;观察组恶心呕吐、血小板减少、白细胞减少不良反应发生率低于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论　康艾注射液联合化疗可提高晚期肺鳞癌患者免疫功能和生活质量,降低不良反应,从而提高临床疗效,值得临床推广。     

血塞通低分子右旋糖酐联合神经节苷脂治疗急性脑梗死疗效观察

［摘要］　目的　观察血塞通低分子右旋糖酐联合神经节苷脂治疗急性脑梗死的疗效。方法　选择急性脑梗死患者98例,半随机分为两组。治疗组57例用血塞通粉针加入低分子右旋糖酐联合神经节苷脂治疗;对照组41例用丹参川芎嗪、胞二磷胆碱和维脑路通注射液治疗,疗程14 d。结果　治疗组临床疗效优于对照组(P<0.05),治疗组的神经功能缺损评分减少程度明显大于对照组（P<0.01）,未发现明显副作用。结论　血塞通低分子右旋糖酐联合神经节苷脂治疗急性脑梗死是一种安全有效的治疗方案,值得临床推广。     

痰热清注射液辅助治疗小儿支原体肺炎的疗效观察

目的探讨痰热清注射液辅助红霉素与阿奇霉素序贯治疗小儿支原体肺炎的临床效果。方法选择60例小儿支原体肺炎患者,随机分为对照组和观察组,每组30例。对照组采用红霉素与阿奇霉素序贯治疗,观察组在对照组的基础上给予痰热清注射液治疗,观察两组患儿疗效以及退热时间、咳嗽及肺部啰音消失时间、X线炎症吸收时间、平均住院时间及不良反应发生情况。结果观察组疗效总有效率显著高于对照组（P〈0.05）,观察组患儿退热时间、咳嗽及啰音消失时间、X线炎症吸收时间、平均住院时间均较对照组明显缩短（P〈0.05）,两组不良反应无统计学差异（P〉0.05）。结论痰热清注射液改善红霉素与阿奇霉素序贯治疗小儿支原体肺炎的临床疗效。     

卡托普利联合川芎嗪治疗急性肾小球肾炎的临床效果观察

［摘要］　目的　观察卡托普利联合川芎嗪治疗急性肾小球肾炎的临床效果。方法　选择80例急性肾小球肾炎患者为研究对象,随机分为观察组和对照组各40例。对照组给予常规治疗,观察组在常规治疗的基础上给予卡托普利联合川芎嗪治疗,比较两组的疗效。结果　观察组血尿转阴率为75.00%,明显高于对照组的45.00%,差异具有统计学意义（P<0.01）;观察组肉眼血尿消退时间为（2.5±0.5）d,镜下血尿消退时间为（2.6±0.6）d,水肿消退时间为（3.7±0.4）d,血压恢复时间为（4.1±0.6）d,均明显短于对照组,差异具有统计学意义（P<0.01）。结论　在常规治疗基础上联合应用卡托普利与川芎嗪治疗急性肾小球肾炎能缩短疗程,提高疗效。     

外剥内扎术联合美辛唑酮栓治疗混合痔Ⅲ期的临床研究

［摘要］　目的　观察应用外剥内扎术联合美辛唑酮栓治疗混合痔Ⅲ期的临床效果。方法　选择该院肛肠外科2012-01～2013-03住院的混合痔Ⅲ期患者60例,将患者随机分为治疗组和对照组,对照组30例采用常规手术治疗。治疗组30例,在常规治疗的基础上直肠腔置美辛唑酮栓1枚,术后第1天开始换药时将美辛唑酮栓塞入肛内。观察两组患者术后治疗效果。结果　治疗组疗效优于对照组（P<0.05）,治疗组住院天数短于对照组（P<0.01）,治疗组的疼痛、水肿、坠胀、出血程度均低于对照组（P<0.05或P<0.01）。结论　混合痔Ⅲ期应用外剥内扎术联合美辛唑酮栓治疗,解决了术后镇痛、恢复时间长、并发症多等问题,值得临床推广使用。     

Satisfaction with ambulatory care of persons with AIDS

OBJECTIVE: To examine the relation of patient characteristics and site of care to the perception of ambulatory care quality by persons with AIDS (PWAs). DESIGN: Patient surveys and medical record review were used to determine PWAs’ perceptions of their ambulatory care, self-perceived health status, primary care relationships, sociodemographic characteristics, and severity of illness. SETTING: A public-hospital HIV clinic, an academic group practice, and a staff-model health maintenance organization (HMO) that together care for 20% of all Massachusetts PWAs. PATIENTS: All active patients as of February 12, 1990, and all new AIDS patients at each of the three sites during the subsequent 13 months. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN BESULTS: The primary outcome measure was a six-item scale of patient-rated quality of care (PRQC), a newly developed measure that combined patients’ ratings of their physician care, nursing care, involvement in medical decisions, and overall quality of care. Multiple logistic regression was carried out with low PRQC (lowest quart He) as the dependent variable, to identify correlates of patient perceptions of poor quality. Patients who had a primary nurse were significantly less likely to have low PRQC scores (OR=0.50, 95% CI=0.26 to 0.97). Black patients and patients who used injection drugs were significantly more likely to rate their care in the lowest quartile (OR=2.22, 95% CI=1.04 to 4.78; and OR=2.43, 95% CI=1.13 to 5.23, respectively), as were those who had lower self-perceived health status, after controlling for confounders; no association was found by site or severity. CONCLUSIONS: These results show that primary nursing may be an important determinant of how PWAs rate the quality of their ambulatory care. Furthermore, PWAs who are black or who are injection drug users are less satisfied than are others with the quality of their ambulatory AIDS care. Presented in part at the annual meeting of the Society of General Internal Medicine, April 30, 1993, Arlington, Virginia. Supported by the Agency for Health Care Policy and Research, grant number HS06239.     

Treatment of patients with Eisenmenger's syndrome with Bosentan

We treated prospectively 14 patients with Eisenmenger's syndrome, with a mean age of 10 years, ranging from 3 to 18 years. Treatment continued for 12 months, and demonstrated a lasting symptomatic improvement, but no improvement in terms of mean saturation of oxygen over 24 hours. Exercise capacity, as judged by peak uptake of oxygen, worsened in the six patients able to perform a treadmill test. The symptomatic benefit from dual blockage of endothelin receptors in these patients may be due to mechanisms other than selective pulmonary vasodilatation alone.     

Experience with the treatment of patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy with obsidan and isoptin

Forty-five patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy were examined clinically and echocardiographically. The results of their treatment with obsidan and isoptin in relation to various types of central hemodynamic disorders are presented. The data have been obtained making it possible to treat patients differentially with regard to the form of the disease. The treatment of this category of patients requires the echocardiographic monitoring of the parameters of the central hemodynamics and myocardial contractility.     

分析老年糖尿病患者应用甘精胰岛素联合阿卡波糖治疗的效果

目的探讨甘精胰岛素联合阿卡波糖在老年糖尿病患者中的临床疗效。方法选取该院2018年7月—2019年7月收治的113例老年糖尿病患者作为研究对象,经随机数字表法,划分A组(n=56,阿卡波糖)和B组(n=57,甘精胰岛素+阿卡波糖),比较两组临床疗效、血糖指标。结果B组患者临床治疗总有效率显著高于A组;经治疗,B组患者空腹血糖(FBG)、餐后2 h血糖(2 hPG)、糖化血红蛋白(HbAlc)水平明显低于A组。两组之间比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论在老年糖尿病患者中应用甘精胰岛素+阿卡波糖,临床疗效显著,使患者的空腹血糖、餐后2 h血糖、糖化血红蛋白等指标得到了明显改善,安全性强。     

Evaluation of atrial vulnerability with transoesophageal stimulation in patients with atrioventricular junctional: Comparison with patients with ventricular pre-excitation and with normal subjects

The aim of our work was to evaluate the inducibility of atrialfibrillation in a group of patients with atrioventricular junctionalreentrant tachycardia and to compare it with that of patientswith a Kent-type ventricular pre-excitation (Wolff-Parkinson-Whitesyndrome) and a control group. One hundred and twenty-five subjects were separated into groups.Group 1 comprised 49 Wolff-Parkinson-White patients, with amean age of 26.4, range 10.66 years; group 2, 51 patients withatrioventricular junctional reentrant tachycardia inducibleby transoesophageal atrial stimulation andlor clinically documented,with a mean age of 43.4, range 16–78 years; group 3, 25control subjects with a mean age of2.64, range 13–76 years. Each subject underwent atrial transoesophageal stimulation withthe following protocol: programmed atrial stimulation with 1and 2 stimuli during atrial pacing of 100. min^–1 and 150.min^–1; atrial stimulation for 10 s at a rate of 200–300–400–500–600.min^–1 with intervals of 10 s between stimulations, fivesuccessive ‘ramp-up’ atrial stimulations for 9 swith the rate increasing from 100 to 800. min^–1 with intervalsof 10 s between stimulations. The end point was the completionof the protocol or induction of sustained atrial fibrillation(>1 min). The chi-square test was used for statistical analysis. Our resultsshowed that in group 1 atrial fibrillation was induced in 27149patients (55.1%); this was sustained in 13149 (26.5%) and non-sustainedin 14149 (28.5%); in group 2, atrial fibrillation was inducedin 22151 patients (43.0%); it was sustained in 7151 (13.7%)and non-sustained in 15151 (29.4%); in group 3, sustained atrialfibrillation was not induced in any subject and in only onesubject was a non-sustained atrial fibrillation (4 s) induced. The chi-square test showed that group 2 vs group 1 were non-significant,while group 2 vs group 3 and group 1 vs group 3 were significant(P<0.003 and P<0.0007, respectively). Therefore group 2 patients showed a greater atrial vulnerabilityin comparison to the control subjects and a similar vulnerabilityto group 1 patients. It is possible that the greater atrialvulnerability in the patients of group 2 was due to the doublenodal pathway.     

以肥厚性硬脑膜炎为主要表现的肉芽肿性多血管炎临床病例分析

目的探讨肉芽肿性多血管炎(GPA)继发肥厚性硬脑膜炎(HCP)的临床特点。方法回顾性分析北京协和医院2004—2018年收治的GPA继发HCP病例资料的特点。结果①GPA患者315例,19例继发HCP,占6.0%;②男性12例,女性7例;年龄19~64岁,中位年龄57岁。③神经系统表现:19例均有头痛,16例颅神经受累。受累部位:额部8例,颞部8例,颅底8例(鞍旁4例,其中海绵窦3例,眶尖2例),小脑幕6例,大脑镰2例,顶部1例,枕部1例,1例合并硬脊膜炎。④系统表现:发热10例,体质量下降8例,肺部受累4例,肾脏受累3例,16例鼻窦炎,10例中耳炎,16例局限型GPA。⑤15例ANCA抗体阳性,8例蛋白酶3(PR3)-ANCA阳性,6例髓过氧化物酶(MPO)-ANCA阳性。⑥16例行腰椎穿刺检查:脑脊液压力9例升高、5例正常、2例降低;脑脊液蛋白升高10例。⑦15例(78.9%)伯明翰系统性血管炎评分(BVAS)>15分。⑧19例均使用糖皮质激素、免疫抑制剂治疗,其中12例行甲泼尼龙冲击治疗,12例鞘内注射地塞米松(或+甲氨蝶呤),19例病情均缓解。结论HCP是GPA少见且严重的表现,主要表现为颅高压和颅神经受累,多见于局限型GPA患者,常伴有全身疾病的活动,需积极治疗。