脑白质高信号的中青年轻度认知功能障碍患者认知功能特点及脑血流改变情况分析

［摘要］　目的　分析脑白质高信号（WMH）的中青年轻度认知功能障碍（MCI）患者的认知功能特点及脑血流改变情况。方法　招募2023年2月至12月扬州大学附属医院神经内科收治的WMH患者70例,年龄35～65岁,均行神经心理量表评分、头颅MRI及经颅多普勒（TCD）检查,收集其一般临床资料。根据北京版蒙特利尔认知量表(MoCA)评分将研究对象分为MCI组（MoCA评分20～24分,36例）和对照组（MoCA评分25～30分,34例）。比较两组临床基线资料、认知亚域评分、TCD指标参数。采用logistic回归分析探讨大脑中动脉（MCA）搏动指数（PI）与MCI发生的关联性。结果　对照组MoCA的视空间与执行功能、命名、注意力、语言、抽象思维以及延迟记忆能力显著优于MCI组（P<0.05）。MCI组的听觉词语学习测验华山版（AVLT-H）长延迟回忆得分及总分低于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。MCI组词语流畅性实验（VFT）得分、符号数字转化测验（SDMT）得分、画钟测验（CDT）得分低于对照组,连线测试A（TMT-A）、连线测试B（TMT-B）耗时长于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。MCI组MCA的PI水平高于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）,其余TCD指标参数比较差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。经调整性别、高血压病史、糖尿病史、高血脂病史、吸烟史及饮酒史因素后,logistic回归分析结果显示,MCA的PI水平升高是促进MCI发生的危险因素［OR(95%CI)=348.877（2.046～59 419.483）,P=0.026］。结论　WMH的中青年MCI患者的语言、视空间、记忆、执行、注意与处理速度等认知亚域功能均有所下降。MCA的PI水平升高有助于识别MCI高危人群。     

关节置换与内固定治疗老年股骨转子间骨折疗效比较

［摘要］　目的　比较人工股骨头置换与内固定治疗老年股骨转子间骨折的临床疗效。方法　选择2008-05～2013-08该中心接收的110例老年股骨转子间骨折患者随机分为实验组和对照组,每组55例。实验组施行人工股骨头置换术,对照组施行骨折内固定术。比较两组的临床疗效。结果　实验组的住院时间及开始康复训练时间明显短于对照组(P<0.05);两组围手术期并发症发生率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);术后1个月、6个月实验组的Harris评分明显高于对照组（P<0.05）,12个月后Harris评分差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论　与骨折内固定相比,人工股骨头置换是治疗老年股骨转子间骨折的科学合理的选择。     

重复经颅磁刺激联合氢溴酸西酞普兰治疗脑卒中后睡眠障碍患者的临床疗效观察

［摘要］　目的　观察重复经颅磁刺激（rTMS）联合氢溴酸西酞普兰治疗脑卒中后睡眠障碍（PSSD）患者的临床疗效。方法　回顾性分析2021年4月至2023年1月于新乡医学院第一附属医院接受治疗的94例PSSD患者的临床资料。根据不同治疗方案将其分为对照组和联合组,每组47例。对照组予氢溴酸西酞普兰治疗,联合组予rTMS联合氢溴酸西酞普兰治疗,两组均连续治疗8周。比较两组总有效率,以及不同时间点睡眠质量、负性情绪、运动阈值（MT）和炎性因子水平。结果　联合组治疗后总有效率显著高于对照组（95.74% vs 78.72%; χ²=6.114,P=0.013）。经治疗后,两组匹兹堡睡眠质量指数（PSQI）、失眠严重程度指数量表（ISI）、贝克抑郁量表（BDI）、贝克焦虑量表（BAI）评分以及IL-6、TNF-α、IL-2水平呈下降趋势,MT呈上升趋势,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。治疗4周、8周后,联合组PSQI、ISI、BDI、BAI评分以及IL-6、TNF-α、IL-2水平低于对照组,MT高于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论　rTMS联合氢溴酸西酞普兰治疗PSSD患者疗效显著,可减轻炎症,提高MT,改善睡眠障碍及负性情绪。     

美罗华联合CHOP方案治疗B细胞性非霍奇金淋巴瘤效果观察

［摘要］　目的　探讨美罗华联合CHOP方案治疗B细胞性非霍奇金淋巴瘤的临床效果及不良反应。方法　选择B细胞性非霍奇金淋巴瘤60例随机分成观察组和对照组各30例。观察组采用美罗华联合CHOP方案治疗,对照组仅采用CHOP方案治疗,比较两组临床疗效及不良反应情况。结果　观察组患者临床疗效明显优于对照组(P<0.05);不良反应除发热例数多于对照组外（P<0.05）,其余两组比较差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论　对B细胞性非霍奇金淋巴瘤患者采用美罗华联合CHOP方案治疗,能够有效提高患者的临床疗效,值得临床推广。     

生物反馈联合普芦卡必利治疗老年功能性便秘的疗效观察

［摘要］　目的　观察生物反馈（BF）联合普芦卡必利治疗老年功能性便秘（FC）的效果。方法　选择2020年7月至2021年12月苏州科技城医院收治的老年FC患者84例,采用随机数字表法分为观察组和对照组,每组42例。观察组采用BF疗法联合普芦卡必利进行治疗,对照组采用普芦卡必利进行治疗,连续治疗6周。比较两组的临床疗效、便秘评分、每周自发性完全排便（SCBM）次数、复发率和不良反应发生情况。结果　与治疗前比较,观察组和对照组治疗后的便秘评分降低,每周SCBM次数增加,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）,且观察组较对照组改善更显著（P<0.05）。观察组总有效率高于对照组,差异有统计学意义（83.33% vs 61.90%, χ²=4.850,P=0.028）。随访3个月,观察组复发5例（11.90%）,对照组12例（28.57%）,两组复发率比较差异有统计学意义（χ²=30.612,P<0.001）。两组不良反应发生率比较差异无统计学意义（7.14% vs 9.52%, χ²=0.000,P=1.000）。结论　BF联合普芦卡必利能够有效治疗老年FC,复发率低,且安全性良好。     

前后入路联合内固定治疗颈椎病的手术配合体会

［摘要］　目的　观察应用无缝隙配合模式对颈椎病患者在接受前后入路联合内固定手术治疗的过程中实施手术配合的临床效果。方法　将88例接受前后入路联合内固定手术治疗的颈椎病患者随机分为对照组和观察组,每组44例。对照组采用常规配合模式实施手术配合;观察组采用无缝隙配合模式实施手术配合。结果　 两组治疗效果差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）;观察组内固定手术操作时间、术后颈椎功能恢复正常时间、术后接受恢复治疗时间明显短于对照组（P<0.05）;围手术期出现不良反应的例数明显少于对照组（P<0.05）;手术护理模式患者满意度明显高于对照组（P<0.05）;治疗后颈椎病再次复发率明显低于对照组（P<0.05）。结论　应用无缝隙配合模式对颈椎病患者在接受前后入路联合内固定手术治疗的过程中实施手术配合有较好的治疗效果。     

神经肌肉电刺激联合程序化下肢训练在老年股骨转子间骨折患者中的应用效果观察

［摘要］　目的　观察神经肌肉电刺激联合程序化下肢训练在老年股骨转子间骨折患者中的应用效果。方法　招募2019年1月至2021年9月于首都医科大学附属北京康复医院接受手术治疗的老年股骨转子间骨折患者86例，采用随机数字表法将其分为对照组和观察组，每组43例。对照组接受常规康复治疗。观察组在常规康复治疗基础上增加神经肌肉电刺激联合程序化下肢训练。比较两组骨折愈合情况、并发症发生情况、骨代谢指标、运动功能恢复情况以及生活质量。结果　观察组骨折愈合时间、离床时间、部分负重时间及完全负重时间短于对照组，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。观察组术后并发症发生率显著低于对照组（4.65% vs 18.60%； χ²=4.074，P=0.044）。在术后1周、3个月和6个月，观察组视觉模拟量表（VAS）评分低于对照组，Harris评分和Barthel指数（BI）评分高于对照组，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。在术后3个月和6个月，观察组骨钙素（OC）和Ⅰ型前胶原氨基端前肽（PINP）水平高于对照组，Ⅰ型胶原羧基端交联肽（CTX）水平低于对照组，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论　神经肌肉电刺激联合程序化下肢训练有助于促进老年股骨转子间骨折患者术后骨折愈合和运动功能恢复，减少并发症发生，改善生活质量，其作用机制可能与骨代谢指标调节有关。     

灯盏细辛注射液治疗脑梗死30例疗效观察

［摘要］　目的　观察灯盏细辛注射液治疗脑梗死的疗效和安全性。方法　将60例脑梗死患者随机分为观察组（30例）和对照组（30例）,两组均采用一般治疗,观察组加用灯盏细辛注射液,对照组加用藻酸双酯钠注射液,两组治疗周期均为25 d,治疗结束后判定疗效,并对治疗前后血液流变学指标水平进行比较分析。结果　观察组临床疗效优于对照组（P<0.05）;全血比黏度（高切）、全血比黏度（低切）、血浆比黏度等血液流变学指标水平显著优于治疗前及对照组(P<0.05)。结论　 灯盏细辛注射液治疗急性脑梗死安全有效,可显著改善各项血液流变学指标。     

来氟米特联合雷公藤多甙及小剂量泼尼松治疗中老年难治性肾病综合征的疗效观察

［摘要］　目的　探讨来氟米特联合雷公藤多甙及小剂量泼尼松治疗中老年难治性肾病综合征的临床效果。方法　选择60例中老年难治性肾病综合征患者，按就诊单双序号半随机分为治疗组32例和对照组28例。治疗组给予来氟米特联合雷公藤多甙及小剂量泼尼松治疗，对照组给予环磷酰胺（CTX）联合泼尼松治疗，比较两组的临床疗效、生化指标变化以及不良反应发生情况。结果　治疗组临床疗效显著高于对照组（P<0.05），治疗后3个月、6个月与对照组同期血红蛋白、尿蛋白、血浆白蛋白、血肌酐检测值比较差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）；治疗组不良反应发生率低于对照组（P<0.05）。结论　来氟米特联合雷公藤多甙及小剂量泼尼松治疗中老年难治性肾病综合征效果确切，且安全性高。     

穴位埋线治疗失眠症30例临床观察

［摘要］　目的　观察穴位埋线治疗失眠症的临床疗效。方法　将60例失眠患者按就诊顺序半随机分为两组,治疗组（n=30）给予穴位埋线治疗,对照组（n=30）给予阿普唑仑治疗。比较两组睡眠改善情况。结果　治疗组治愈18例,好转9例,未愈3例。对照组治愈13例,好转7例,未愈10例。两组疗效比较差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论　穴位埋线治疗失眠症疗效良好,复发率低,值得临床推广。     

肿瘤病人弓形虫感染分析

在肿瘤的发生和发展进程中 ,多伴有免疫功能低下或缺陷 ,从而极易遭受各种感染。弓形虫是机会感染因子 ,当患者免疫功能受损时 ,易于感染 ,还会使隐性感染激活 ,引起低热不退、淋巴结肿和脑神经系统的反应 ,此现象尚未引起临床医师的重视。近年来 ,我们对 4 0 9例肿瘤病人进行了弓形虫感染及弓形虫病的分析观察 ,报告如下 :1　材料与方法1 1　材料　 30 4例病人血清取自江西省肿瘤医院住院或门诊病人 ,随机抽样后低温保存待检 ,10 5例取自其他医院送检样品 ,有急性症状者随到随检 ,以便及时做病原学检测。1 2　弓形虫病诊断方法1 2 1　免疫…     

A patient with rectal ulcer with severe stenosis presenting with perforated peritonitis

We report a patient with rectal ulcer with severe stenosis, who underwent urgent surgical treatment for perforated peritonitis. The 54-year-old man suddenly developed cramping abdominal pain and fever while hospitalized, with signs of peritoneal irritation. An emergency laparotomy was performed, and severe stenosis of the rectum and a perforated lesion on the oral side approximately 10 cm distant from the stenosis were found, with massive abdominal purulent fluid. He was treated by rectosigmoid colon resection with transverse colon loop colostomy. Histopathologically, the stenosis was caused by ulceration extending to all muscular layers of the rectum, with inflammatory changes. Benign rectal stenosis is so rare that differential diagnosis from malignancy may be difficult when there are inflammatory changes in the surrounding tissues. However, it is necessary to keep in mind the likelihood of this disease in differentiation from rectal cancer. Received: December 21, 1998 / Accepted: May 28, 1999     

Infection with Rhodococcus equi in a patient with sarcoidosis treated with corticosteroids

A 51-year-old female farmer was diagnosed as having sarcoidosis. During 4 years of observation, slow radiological progression was observed. Cough then developed, necessitating treatment with corticosteroids. After 28 months of continuous treatment with prednisolone in low doses (5-7.5 mg daily), she suffered fever episodes, recurrent haemoptyses, general malaise and loss of weight. A chest roentgenogram showed a left upper lobe infiltrate, which progressed and finally cavitated, and rib destruction. Despite efforts, including a thoracotomy, 22 months passed before a diagnosis could be made. Blood and sputum cultures and cultures from the destroyed rib showed growth of Rhodococcus equi, a common soil organism which can cause infections in foals and other animals. Treatment with rifampicin and erythromycin was successful. R. equi has been reported to cause infection in patients with neoplastic disease and/or immunosuppression, but the disease might be more common than is suggested by the sparse case reports in the literature, owing to lack of familiarity with the organism, which will tend to be overlooked as a contaminant.     

Evaluation of atrial vulnerability with transoesophageal stimulation in patients with atrioventricular junctional: Comparison with patients with ventricular pre-excitation and with normal subjects

The aim of our work was to evaluate the inducibility of atrialfibrillation in a group of patients with atrioventricular junctionalreentrant tachycardia and to compare it with that of patientswith a Kent-type ventricular pre-excitation (Wolff-Parkinson-Whitesyndrome) and a control group. One hundred and twenty-five subjects were separated into groups.Group 1 comprised 49 Wolff-Parkinson-White patients, with amean age of 26.4, range 10.66 years; group 2, 51 patients withatrioventricular junctional reentrant tachycardia inducibleby transoesophageal atrial stimulation andlor clinically documented,with a mean age of 43.4, range 16–78 years; group 3, 25control subjects with a mean age of2.64, range 13–76 years. Each subject underwent atrial transoesophageal stimulation withthe following protocol: programmed atrial stimulation with 1and 2 stimuli during atrial pacing of 100. min^–1 and 150.min^–1; atrial stimulation for 10 s at a rate of 200–300–400–500–600.min^–1 with intervals of 10 s between stimulations, fivesuccessive ‘ramp-up’ atrial stimulations for 9 swith the rate increasing from 100 to 800. min^–1 with intervalsof 10 s between stimulations. The end point was the completionof the protocol or induction of sustained atrial fibrillation(>1 min). The chi-square test was used for statistical analysis. Our resultsshowed that in group 1 atrial fibrillation was induced in 27149patients (55.1%); this was sustained in 13149 (26.5%) and non-sustainedin 14149 (28.5%); in group 2, atrial fibrillation was inducedin 22151 patients (43.0%); it was sustained in 7151 (13.7%)and non-sustained in 15151 (29.4%); in group 3, sustained atrialfibrillation was not induced in any subject and in only onesubject was a non-sustained atrial fibrillation (4 s) induced. The chi-square test showed that group 2 vs group 1 were non-significant,while group 2 vs group 3 and group 1 vs group 3 were significant(P<0.003 and P<0.0007, respectively). Therefore group 2 patients showed a greater atrial vulnerabilityin comparison to the control subjects and a similar vulnerabilityto group 1 patients. It is possible that the greater atrialvulnerability in the patients of group 2 was due to the doublenodal pathway.     

Treating patients with lupus with B-cell depletion

A new era in the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus has dawned with the increasing introduction of monoclonal antibodies and other approaches, that target the key molecules involved in the pathogenesis of the disease. At present the ability to block the CD20 molecule on those B cells that carry this marker has proved the most effective way to treat patients resistant to conventional immunosuppressive drugs. However, these studies have all been open label and the results of double blind controlled studies are eagerly awaited.