农村已婚妇女阴道毛滴虫感染现状及危险因素调查

目的了解农村已婚妇女阴道毛滴虫感染现状及影响因素，为实施干预措施提供依据。方法按经济水平分层整群随机抽样，以抽样村60岁以下已婚妇女为调查对象，进行阴道毛滴虫感染流行病学基线调查，同时采取阴道后穹窿阴道分泌物，悬滴法镜检阴道毛滴虫。结果在5781名被调查者中，共检出阴道毛滴虫感染者212例，总感染率3．67％。影响农村已婚妇女阴道毛滴虫感染的主要因素为：洁阴用具是否专用、每周清洗会阴次数、性病知识知晓水平。结论农村已婚妇女阴道毛滴虫感染与性病知识和洁阴习惯有关。     

开江县农村已婚妇女妇科病普查结果分析

目的 掌握开江县农村已婚妇女妇科病患病情况,为制定干预措施提供科学依据.方法 对开江县20个乡镇农村已婚妇女11 798人妇科病普查结果进行分析.结果 全县已婚妇女妇科病患病率为65.57％,常见病前6位患病率依次为:慢性宫颈炎(36.00％)、乳腺增生(32.81％)、阴道炎(16.55％)、外阴炎(1.83％)、卵巢囊肿(1.21％)、子宫肌瘤(1.09％).结论 开江县已婚妇女妇科病患病率较高,应加强防治,提高妇女健康水平.     

社区门诊已婚妇女生殖道感染问题及干预对策分析

目的:探讨社区门诊中已婚妇女生殖道感染疾病现状和发病原因,从而制定科学的干预对策。方法:选取妇科门诊和健康普查已婚妇女200例作为研究对象,通过常规妇科检查、阴道分泌物检测等方法,对检查结果进行记录和分析。结果:宫颈炎性疾病和细菌性阴道炎是生殖道疾病的主要类型,分别占比53.0%和25.0%。宫颈炎性疾病在30~39岁人群中发病率最高,为36.1%;其次是40~49岁人群,发病率为32.3%。民工妇女的生殖道感染发病率为42.6%,明显高于其他职业人群。有人工流产史的人群发病率为66.7%,明显高于无流产史人群的30.7%。以上数据比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:真实了解社区已婚妇女的生殖道感染疾病现状,能够总结出易患患者群的特点,从而制定干预措施。另外,要提升妇产科医师的专业水平,提高诊断和治疗的科学性、有效性,不断减少妇女生殖道的感染发病率。     

易门县929例已婚妇女生殖系统疾病调查

目的了解近年来已婚女职工妇科患病情况及影响因素,调整干预措施,加强妇女常见病的防治工作。方法采用整群抽样方法,对已婚妇女进行问卷,妇科、B超检查,阴道分泌物、宫颈刮片实验室检查。结果调查已婚女职工929例,检出妇科病486例,检出率达52.31%,其中:慢性宫颈炎占患病人数的45.88%,阴道炎为25.31%,子宫肌瘤为14.81%,卵巢囊肿为6.17%,核异质细胞Ⅱ级B型为7.41%,Ⅲ级为0.41%。结论危害已婚妇女的妇科疾病依次为:慢性宫颈炎、阴道炎、子宫肌瘤、卵巢囊肿。     

江门市杜阮镇2648例已婚妇女梅毒筛查情况报告

目的了解已婚妇女人群中梅毒的流行情况及有关的危险因素。方法对江门市杜阮镇已婚妇女进行免费的现场梅毒快速检测,并利用问卷调查收集社会人口和行为学信息,采用Logistic回归进行分析。结果共2 721人接受了问卷调查,其中2 648人(97.3%)接受了梅毒筛查。接受筛查的女性平均年龄为39.5岁,88.3%为当地居民。快速初筛检测共发现37例梅毒阳性(1.4%)。多因素Logistic回归分析发现,已婚妇女中的外来人口感染梅毒的风险显著高于本地居民(OR=6.52,95%CI:2.73～15.56)。结论江门市杜阮镇调查人群普遍对梅毒了解较少,外来人口感染率显著高于本地居民,提示未来的防治工作要加强对普通人群的宣教和筛查,尤其要关注外来人口。     

荆门市已婚育龄妇女保健知识认知情况及影响因素

目的了解荆门市21-50岁已婚育龄妇女保健知识认知情况并分析影响因素。方法自编调查问卷,对荆门市555例21-50岁已婚妇女进行调查。结果荆门市已婚妇女保健知识总分为（58.26±10.76）分,占满分的69.36%;其中生殖卫生、妇科保健、计划生育、优生优育、孕期保健、产褥期保健等分别占各维度满分的80.57%、60.57%、58.00%、73.71%、78.86%和63.21%。年龄、文化程度、家庭月收入、婚姻和职业与妇女保健知识的认知有关（P均〈0.05）。结论荆门市已婚妇女对生殖卫生和孕期保健认知率较高、对妇科保健和计划生育认知率较低,因此应开展多种形式的健康教育以提高妇女对保健知识的认知。     

2008年新疆昌吉地区已婚妇女宫颈糜烂调查

目的探讨宫颈糜烂患病情况,为宫颈癌早期防治提供基础资料。方法采用全国统一制定的调查表格,按规定询问内容,检查项目统一编号,按有关统一标准检查。结果不同年龄组宫颈糜烂患病情况对比差异有显著性,30岁组患病率最高为52.64%,50岁组患病率最低。不同民族宫颈糜烂患病情况有显著性差异,其他民族患病率60.7%,高于汉族、回族,不同职业宫颈糜烂患病率不同,有显著性差异。工人患病率52.93%高于干部、教师。宫颈糜烂患病率与子宫位置有关,前位患病率最高55.33%,差异有显著性;避孕方式、月经初潮、妊娠次数没有显著性差异。结论昌吉地区已婚妇女宫颈糜烂患病率较高。     

新疆阜康市高血压患病情况调查及影响因素分析

目的了解新疆阜康市高血压患病情况及其相关危险因素在本地区人群中的流行状况,为制定和评价卫生政策、干预措施提供基础数据。方法按照多阶段分层系统随机抽样的方法,调查阜康市居民高血压患病情况;采用EpiData进行双录入,Spss17．0统计软件进行分析,P〈0．05为差异有统计学意义。结果本次共调查2800人,应答率98．25％;不同年龄（x^2=654．1）、不同职业（x^2=266．6）、不同文化程度（x^2=178．7）的高血压患病率差异有统计学意义（均P〈0．05）,婚姻状况不同,高血压患病情况有差异（x^2=217．4,P〈0．05）,吸烟（x^2=35．6）和饮酒（x^2=30．9）因素对高血压患病率的影响差异均有统计学意义（均P〈0．05）,睡眠时间（x^2=92-3）和质量（x^2=82．5）均影响高血压患病率（均P〈0．05）,工作体力对高血压的患病有影响（x^2=8．4,P〈0．05）。结论新疆阜康市高血压防治的重点要多关注高年龄组、低学历者和农村居民,同时加强健康教育和健康促进工作,广泛地采取多种措施不断提高居民高血压的知晓率,促进居民健康行为的形成率。     

绍兴市城区老年人医疗服务需求状况及其影响因素调查

目的 了解经济发达地区老年人的医疗服务需求情况及影响因素，为卫生行政部门及医疗机构提供决策依据。方法 采用随机整群抽样方法，对绍兴市城区568名60岁以上的老年人进行现场问卷调查。结果 绍兴市城区老年人的文化程度总体不高，经济来源以离退休金居多，收入水平较好，医疗费用支付以自费为主。分析显示，老年人的性别、年龄、文化程度、经济来源和月收入水平等因素对其医疗服务需求有不同程度的影响。结论 采用多种方式进行老年医疗保健知识的宣传和教育；针对不同老年人群的特点，提供多形式、全方位的医疗服务，不断改善他们的健康状况；须大力提倡建立社会、集体、家庭和个人共同承担老年医疗保障制度。     

浙江宁波农村地区已婚妇女妇科病菌感染疾病情况及干预措施研究

目的调查农村地区已婚育龄妇女妇科病菌感染(生殖道感染)现状及影响因素,为综合防治提供有力依据。方法673例农村地区已婚育龄妇女,通过常规妇科检查、实验室检查及问卷调查完成。此次调查中共发放问卷673份,回收673份,有效率为100.0%。结果经单因素分析,不洁水洗澡、经期有性生活、本人无经济来源、经期使用不洁卫生用品、既往患滴虫性阴道炎、患病后其丈夫态度消极等为已婚育龄妇女发生生殖道感染的相关因素(P0.05);经多因素分析发现,不洁水洗澡和经期使用不洁卫生用品及既往患滴虫性阴道炎为其患病的主要因素(P0.05)。结论农村已婚育龄妇女妇科患病的影响因素较多,不但与其自身有关,同时还与其丈夫及社会环境等有关。因此需加以干预,进行必要的健康干预,提高人们对疾病预防及治疗的意识。     

南昌市社区老年性痴呆患病率及其影响因素

目的了解南昌地区老年性痴呆的患病率及影响因素。方法选择南昌市洪都社区60岁以上的老年人为研究对象,以简易智能状态量表(MMSE)作为筛查工具,以临床确诊为依据。通过调查问卷收集资料,采用χ2检验分析数据。结果南昌市社区老年人的痴呆患病率为6.29%,其中阿尔茨海默病(AD)患病率为4.44%。χ2分析提示,年龄、性别、文化程度、吸烟、体育锻炼、社会活动、痴呆家族史等与AD患病率有关(P0.05),而在不同婚姻状况(P=0.084)与是否饮酒(P=0.732)者中无明显差异。结论南昌市社区老年人AD患病率较高,影响因素较多,需要简便有效的AD早期筛查诊断方法提供AD早期预防策略,从而提高老年人生活质量。     

Atherogenic index of plasma and its association with cardiovascular disease risk factors among postmenopausal rural women of Bangladesh

ObjectivesThere is absolute lacking of evidences on atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) and its association with cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors among postmenopausal women of Bangladesh. This prompted us to investigate this association between AIP and CVD risk factors among postmenopausal women in a rural setting.MethodsThis cross-sectional study recruited 265 postmenopausal women aged 40–70 years who visited a primary health-care center of Bangladesh. We used modified STEP-wise approach for the Surveillance of Noncommunicable diseases risk factors questionnaire of the World Health Organization to collect data on sociodemographic and behavioral risk factors. Physical measurements were carried out following the method described in the ‘noncommunicable disease risk factors survey Bangladesh 2010’. AIP was determined by the logarithmic transformation of triglyceride to high-density lipoprotein ratio, and association with CVD risk factors were examined by multiple linear regression analysis.ResultsOverall 35.5% respondents had a high risk level of AIP with a mean of 0.16 ± 0.25. After adjusting the confounders, CVD risk factors including duration of menopause (β = 0.606, p = 0.043), waist–hip ratio (β = 0.165, p = 0.003), 2-h plasma glucose (β = 0.118, p = 0.04), total cholesterol (β = 1.082, p < 0.001), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (β = −1.044, p < 0.001), and metabolic equivalent of tasks (β = −0.171, p = 0.003) showed a significant association with AIP.ConclusionHigh AIP and its significant association with CVD risk factors demand proper lifestyle intervention for postmenopausal women of Bangladesh.     

Knowledge and awareness about osteoporosis and its related factors among rural Turkish women

The aim of this study is to evaluate the awareness, perception, sources of information, and knowledge of osteoporosis in a sample of rural Turkish women, to examine the factors related to their knowledge, and organize effective education programs. A total of 768 women mean age 53.6 ± 8.2 (40–70) were randomly selected and interviewed during their visits to primary care centers in three rural towns in West Anatolia. A structured questionnaire was administered by trained nurses. Chi-squared test was performed in age and educational level groups for revealing factors influencing the awareness, perception, and knowledge sources of osteoporosis. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) analysis was carried out in calculating the difference of knowledge scores among groups. Of the women, 60.8% had heard of and 44.9% had the correct definition for osteoporosis. Awareness and accurate definition of osteoporosis was high in younger and high educated women (p < 0.001). Television was the main source of knowledge with the rate of 55%, doctors and nurses/midwives were the second and third sources, respectively. Osteoporosis knowledge was low with a mean score of 5.52 out of 20. Younger and more educated women had higher knowledge scores. Low calcium in diet and menopause were the first two risk factors chosen for osteoporosis. Knowledge about osteoporosis among rural Turkish women is low, and majority of women are unaware of the risk factors and consequences of osteoporosis. Therefore, appropriate educational programs should be planned according to community needs, and the target of these programs should be less educated and older women.     

孕产妇首次接受HIV检测的时期及影响因素

目的了解云南省瑞丽市孕产妇在孕期首次接受艾滋病病毒（HIV）检测服务的时期及影响因素。方法利用2012年10-12月瑞丽市县乡级孕产妇艾滋病筛查登记表资料,描述孕产妇首次接受HIV检测的时期分布,采用单因素和无序多分类Logistic回归分析影响因素。结果754例孕期首次接受HIV检测的孕产妇,在孕早、中、晚期检测的比例分别为32．6％、46．2％和21．2％。以孕早期检测为对照,对孕中期检测,年龄14～〈22岁、傣族、居住在乡镇、在乡镇级机构检测的调整OR值分别为1．638（95％CI：1．038-2．583）、0．611（95％CI：0．377-0．988）、1．923（95％CI：1.177～3．140）、0．172（95％CI：0．073～0．408）。对孕晚期检测,小学及以下文化程度、居住地为乡镇、检测级别为乡镇的调整OR值分别为2．823（95％CI：1．582～5．039）、2．883（95％CI：1．619～5．135）、0．138（95％CI：0．048-0．401）。结论瑞丽市孕早期HIV检测比例仍有提升空间;居住在缅甸和乡镇的孕产妇为重点关注人群,建议提高乡镇级孕产妇HIV检测服务的可及性。     

广西少数民族地区农村老年人文化参与状况及影响因素

目的探讨广西少数民族地区农村老年人文化参与状况及影响因素。方法采用《居民文化参与状况及影响因素调查表》进行横断面入户调查。结果广西少数民族地区农村老年人文化参与率为35.58%。Logistic回归分析显示:女性文化参与率较男性低;初中及以上文化程度的人群文化参与率较其他人群高;自然村有文化活动场所的人群,其文化参与率是自然村没有文化活动场所人群的3倍。结论广西少数民族地区农村老年人文化参与率较低,性别、文化程度和自然村文化活动场所是主要影响因素;建议有关部门加强少数民族农村地区文化活动场所建设。     

北京市城郊地区农村吸烟者分布特征及始动因素的调查

目的 了解城市周边农村人口吸烟者分布情况和始动因素,为政府制定现代农村人口的控烟政策和控烟辅助医疗形式提供可靠的科学依据.方法 选定北京市周边1个自然村,对所有≥10岁的人口用调查问卷进行入户调查,问卷内容包括吸烟相关的个人一般情况和社会家庭情况.应用SAS 6.1统计软件对人群的吸烟率及吸烟始动因素进行分析.结果 应调查人数1 901人,实际调查1 733人,应答率为91.2％.吸烟者621人,吸烟率为35.8％.吸烟者的平均烟龄为(24.57±15.06)年,每日吸烟量为(16.88±10.14)支.吸烟指数的中位数为17.5(23.0)包年.男性的吸烟率为66.2％,女性吸烟率为8.5％,大学以上文化程度吸烟率为27.5％,低于更低文化程度人群.中等收入人群的吸烟率为45.5％,高于较高收入和较低收入的人群.始动因素方面,前3位开始吸烟的始动因素所占比例从高到低排序为:好奇(33.2％)、同学或同事影响(31.0％)和社交(14.8％).结论 适合农村人口的防控措施包括提高农村青少年的受教育水平;加强公共场所和工作单位的禁烟力度,减少社会吸烟因素对青少年的影响;营造校区禁烟环境和氛围;加强吸烟相关健康损害对年轻人的宣传,正确地引导青少年人群对吸烟的好奇.     

Gender-related psychosocial and cultural factors associated with condom use among Chinese married women.

The present study explored the interplay of psychosocial, gender, and cultural factors on Chinese married women's condom use. A total of 433 Chinese married women residing in Hong Kong participated in the study. Correlation results showed that participants' conservative gender attitudes toward sexuality and sexual decision making were related to less accurate HIV/AIDS knowledge and less concern about contacting the disease from their husbands. About 34.4% of the sexually active participants never used condoms in the past 6 months, and current condom use was associated with egalitarian gender attitudes, positive feelings about condom use, and concerns about contacting HIV/AIDS from their husbands. Among all participants, 32.5% reported that they would not use condoms in their future sexual encounters. Future condom use was related to shorter duration of marriage, accurate HIV/AIDS knowledge, egalitarian gender attitudes, current condom use, and positive feelings about condom use. Results from the logistic regression analyses showed that egalitarian gender attitudes toward sexuality and positive feelings about condom use were the most salient predictors for current and future condom use.     

The olfactory function evaluation of Parkinson disease and its influencing factors

<正>Objective To explore the incidence of olfactory dysfunction in patients with Parkinson disease and the characteristic as well as its possible influencing factors.Methods The SS-12 was used to evaluate the olfactory function of 106 patients with Parkinson's disease and 110healthy volunteers.The data was then compared between