血塞通低分子右旋糖酐联合神经节苷脂治疗急性脑梗死疗效观察

［摘要］　目的　观察血塞通低分子右旋糖酐联合神经节苷脂治疗急性脑梗死的疗效。方法　选择急性脑梗死患者98例,半随机分为两组。治疗组57例用血塞通粉针加入低分子右旋糖酐联合神经节苷脂治疗;对照组41例用丹参川芎嗪、胞二磷胆碱和维脑路通注射液治疗,疗程14 d。结果　治疗组临床疗效优于对照组(P<0.05),治疗组的神经功能缺损评分减少程度明显大于对照组（P<0.01）,未发现明显副作用。结论　血塞通低分子右旋糖酐联合神经节苷脂治疗急性脑梗死是一种安全有效的治疗方案,值得临床推广。     

头孢哌酮钠舒巴坦钠联合左氧氟沙星治疗医院获得性肺炎的临床疗效观察

［摘要］　目的　探讨头孢哌酮钠舒巴坦钠联合左氧氟沙星治疗医院获得性肺炎（hospital acquired pneumonia,HAP）的临床疗效和不良反应。方法　将42例HAP确诊病例随机分为治疗组和对照组,每组21例。治疗组用头孢哌酮钠舒巴坦钠联合左氧氟沙星治疗,对照组用头孢哌酮钠舒巴坦钠治疗,疗程均为7～8 d。 结果　治疗组症状、体征恢复正常的时间为（48.24±7.54）h,对照组为（72.36±10.24）h,两组比较差异有统计学意义（P<0.01）;治疗组的临床疗效优于对照组（P<0.05);两组不良反应发生率比较差异无统计学意义（P>0.05)。结论　头孢哌酮钠舒巴坦钠联合左氧氟沙星治疗HAP的疗效明显优于单用头孢哌酮钠舒巴坦钠,值得临床推广应用。     

美罗华联合CHOP方案治疗B细胞性非霍奇金淋巴瘤效果观察

［摘要］　目的　探讨美罗华联合CHOP方案治疗B细胞性非霍奇金淋巴瘤的临床效果及不良反应。方法　选择B细胞性非霍奇金淋巴瘤60例随机分成观察组和对照组各30例。观察组采用美罗华联合CHOP方案治疗,对照组仅采用CHOP方案治疗,比较两组临床疗效及不良反应情况。结果　观察组患者临床疗效明显优于对照组(P<0.05);不良反应除发热例数多于对照组外（P<0.05）,其余两组比较差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论　对B细胞性非霍奇金淋巴瘤患者采用美罗华联合CHOP方案治疗,能够有效提高患者的临床疗效,值得临床推广。     

阿奇霉素联合红霉素序贯治疗小儿支原体肺炎的疗效观察

［摘要］　目的　探讨阿奇霉素联合红霉素序贯治疗小儿支原体肺炎的疗效。方法　对2013-01～2015-01该院收治的80例小儿支原体肺炎患儿,按随机数字表法分为观察组及对照组各40例,对照组采用红霉素治疗,观察组在对照组治疗的基础上加用阿奇霉素治疗,观察两组患儿临床的治疗效果及不良反应发生情况。结果　观察组总有效率为95.0%,明显高于对照组的80.0%,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;观察组咳嗽消失时间、发热消退时间、气促消失时间、肺部啰音消失时间、住院时间及X线阴影消失时间均明显短于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。两组均无严重不良反应发生。结论　阿奇霉素联合红霉素序贯治疗小儿支原体肺炎疗效显著,值得临床推广应用。     

来氟米特联合雷公藤多甙及小剂量泼尼松治疗中老年难治性肾病综合征的疗效观察

［摘要］　目的　探讨来氟米特联合雷公藤多甙及小剂量泼尼松治疗中老年难治性肾病综合征的临床效果。方法　选择60例中老年难治性肾病综合征患者，按就诊单双序号半随机分为治疗组32例和对照组28例。治疗组给予来氟米特联合雷公藤多甙及小剂量泼尼松治疗，对照组给予环磷酰胺（CTX）联合泼尼松治疗，比较两组的临床疗效、生化指标变化以及不良反应发生情况。结果　治疗组临床疗效显著高于对照组（P<0.05），治疗后3个月、6个月与对照组同期血红蛋白、尿蛋白、血浆白蛋白、血肌酐检测值比较差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）；治疗组不良反应发生率低于对照组（P<0.05）。结论　来氟米特联合雷公藤多甙及小剂量泼尼松治疗中老年难治性肾病综合征效果确切，且安全性高。     

阿奇霉素联合痰热清注射液治疗小儿肺炎支原体肺炎效果观察

［摘要］　目的　观察阿奇霉素联合痰热清注射液治疗小儿肺炎支原体肺炎（MPP）的效果。方法　将MPP患儿100例随机分为观察组和对照组各50例,观察组采用阿奇霉素联合痰热清注射液治疗,对照组单用阿奇霉素治疗。比较两组的疗效。结果　观察组治疗后体温恢复正常时间、咳嗽症状消失时间、肺部体征消失时间、X线胸片吸收好转时间、总病程等方面较对照组明显缩短,差异有统计学意义（P<0.01）;观察组疗效优于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.01）;观察组无复发,对照组复发4例（8.0%）。结论　阿奇霉素联合痰热清注射液治疗小儿MPP疗程短、治愈率高、复发率低,值得临床上推广应用。     

开喉剑喷雾剂联合热毒宁注射液治疗疱疹性咽峡炎的疗效观察

［摘要］　目的　观察开喉剑喷雾剂(儿童型)联合热毒宁注射液治疗疱疹性咽峡炎的疗效及不良反应。方法　将100例疱疹性咽峡炎患儿分为治疗组55例和对照组45例。治疗组给予开喉剑喷雾剂(儿童型)喷口腔疱疹局部治疗联合热毒宁注射液静脉滴注,对照组给予西瓜霜喷剂喷口腔疱疹局部治疗联合利巴韦林注射液静脉滴注,疗程5～7 d,并根据病情给予相应对症支持治疗。比较两组临床疗效及各项临床疗效观察指标和不良反应。结果　治疗组显效30例,有效20例,无效5例;对照组显效20例,有效15例,无效10例,两组疗效差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。但退热时间、口痛消失时间及疱疹溃疡消退时间,治疗组明显优于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P均<0.01）。对照组有18例出现白细胞总数减少或粒细胞比值下降,治疗组未见不良反应。结论　开喉剑喷雾剂(儿童型)联合毒宁注射液治疗疱疹性咽峡炎疗效确切,安全性高,值得临床推广。     

愈瘿散外敷联合双氯芬酸钠缓释片治疗亚急性甲状腺炎所致疼痛的临床疗效观察

［摘要］　目的　观察愈瘿散外敷联合双氯芬酸钠缓释片治疗亚急性甲状腺炎（SAT）所致疼痛的临床疗效。方法　招募2020年12月至2021年7月河北省中医院内分泌科收治的SAT所致疼痛患者100例,采用随机数字表法将其分为观察组和对照组,每组50例。对照组予口服双氯芬酸钠缓释片治疗,观察组在对照组治疗方案的基础上予愈瘿散外敷治疗,两组均连续治疗2周。比较两组甲状腺疼痛消失时间、退热时间、甲状腺功能指标、疼痛介质指标、临床疗效以及复发情况。结果　观察组临床总有效率高于对照组,差异有统计学意义（98.00% vs 84.00%; χ²=4.396,P=0.036）。观察组甲状腺疼痛消失时间、退热时间均短于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。在治疗后,观察组血沉（ESR）、游离三碘甲腺原氨酸（FT₃）、游离甲状腺素（FT₄）、前列腺素E₂（PGE₂）、5-羟色胺（5-HT）、缓激肽（BK）和C反应蛋白（CRP）水平均低于对照组,促甲状腺激素（TSH）水平高于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。两组不良反应发生率及复发率比较差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论　愈瘿散外敷联合双氯芬酸钠缓释片治疗SAT所致疼痛的疗效良好,可安全且快速地缓解患者疼痛症状,促进甲状腺功能的恢复。     

替吉奥胶囊联合奥沙利铂治疗晚期胃癌的临床观察

［摘要］　目的　观察替吉奥胶囊联合奥沙利铂治疗晚期胃癌的疗效及不良反应。方法　将60例晚期胃癌患者随机分为治疗组30例和对照组30例。治疗组给予替吉奥胶囊联合奥沙利铂方案治疗,对照组给予奥沙利铂联合亚叶酸钙和5-氟尿嘧啶方案治疗,全部患者均接受至少4个周期的化疗。结果　治疗组完全缓解0例,部分缓解19例,稳定10例,进展1例;对照组完全缓解0例,部分缓解9例,稳定17例,进展4例。两组主要不良反应为血液学毒性、胃肠道反应和神经系统毒性,治疗组的不良反应发生率明显低于对照组(P<0.05）。结论　替吉奥胶囊联合奥沙利铂治疗晚期胃癌安全有效。     

热毒宁治疗儿童社区获得性肺炎的效果观察

［摘要］　目的　观察热毒宁辅助治疗儿童社区获得性肺炎的临床效果。方法　选择200例社区获得性肺炎患儿随机分为治疗组（100例）和对照组（100例）。对照组给予常规治疗,治疗组在常规治疗基础上加热毒宁注射液辅助治疗,连用5～10 d。结果　治疗组临床显效率、总有效率分别为76.00%、96.00%,对照组分别为57.00%、88.00%,两组比较差异有统计学意义（P<0.05或<0.01）;两组发热、咳嗽、气促、肺部啰音改善评分情况及消失时间、住院时间比较差异有统计学意义（P<0.05或<0.01）。结论　热毒宁辅助治疗儿童社区获得性肺炎能显著提高疗效,缩短病程,不良反应少,具有较高的临床应用价值。     

Satisfaction with ambulatory care of persons with AIDS

OBJECTIVE: To examine the relation of patient characteristics and site of care to the perception of ambulatory care quality by persons with AIDS (PWAs). DESIGN: Patient surveys and medical record review were used to determine PWAs’ perceptions of their ambulatory care, self-perceived health status, primary care relationships, sociodemographic characteristics, and severity of illness. SETTING: A public-hospital HIV clinic, an academic group practice, and a staff-model health maintenance organization (HMO) that together care for 20% of all Massachusetts PWAs. PATIENTS: All active patients as of February 12, 1990, and all new AIDS patients at each of the three sites during the subsequent 13 months. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN BESULTS: The primary outcome measure was a six-item scale of patient-rated quality of care (PRQC), a newly developed measure that combined patients’ ratings of their physician care, nursing care, involvement in medical decisions, and overall quality of care. Multiple logistic regression was carried out with low PRQC (lowest quart He) as the dependent variable, to identify correlates of patient perceptions of poor quality. Patients who had a primary nurse were significantly less likely to have low PRQC scores (OR=0.50, 95% CI=0.26 to 0.97). Black patients and patients who used injection drugs were significantly more likely to rate their care in the lowest quartile (OR=2.22, 95% CI=1.04 to 4.78; and OR=2.43, 95% CI=1.13 to 5.23, respectively), as were those who had lower self-perceived health status, after controlling for confounders; no association was found by site or severity. CONCLUSIONS: These results show that primary nursing may be an important determinant of how PWAs rate the quality of their ambulatory care. Furthermore, PWAs who are black or who are injection drug users are less satisfied than are others with the quality of their ambulatory AIDS care. Presented in part at the annual meeting of the Society of General Internal Medicine, April 30, 1993, Arlington, Virginia. Supported by the Agency for Health Care Policy and Research, grant number HS06239.     

Treatment of patients with Eisenmenger's syndrome with Bosentan

We treated prospectively 14 patients with Eisenmenger's syndrome, with a mean age of 10 years, ranging from 3 to 18 years. Treatment continued for 12 months, and demonstrated a lasting symptomatic improvement, but no improvement in terms of mean saturation of oxygen over 24 hours. Exercise capacity, as judged by peak uptake of oxygen, worsened in the six patients able to perform a treadmill test. The symptomatic benefit from dual blockage of endothelin receptors in these patients may be due to mechanisms other than selective pulmonary vasodilatation alone.     

Experience with the treatment of patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy with obsidan and isoptin

Forty-five patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy were examined clinically and echocardiographically. The results of their treatment with obsidan and isoptin in relation to various types of central hemodynamic disorders are presented. The data have been obtained making it possible to treat patients differentially with regard to the form of the disease. The treatment of this category of patients requires the echocardiographic monitoring of the parameters of the central hemodynamics and myocardial contractility.     

分析老年糖尿病患者应用甘精胰岛素联合阿卡波糖治疗的效果

目的探讨甘精胰岛素联合阿卡波糖在老年糖尿病患者中的临床疗效。方法选取该院2018年7月—2019年7月收治的113例老年糖尿病患者作为研究对象,经随机数字表法,划分A组(n=56,阿卡波糖)和B组(n=57,甘精胰岛素+阿卡波糖),比较两组临床疗效、血糖指标。结果B组患者临床治疗总有效率显著高于A组;经治疗,B组患者空腹血糖(FBG)、餐后2 h血糖(2 hPG)、糖化血红蛋白(HbAlc)水平明显低于A组。两组之间比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论在老年糖尿病患者中应用甘精胰岛素+阿卡波糖,临床疗效显著,使患者的空腹血糖、餐后2 h血糖、糖化血红蛋白等指标得到了明显改善,安全性强。     

Evaluation of atrial vulnerability with transoesophageal stimulation in patients with atrioventricular junctional: Comparison with patients with ventricular pre-excitation and with normal subjects

The aim of our work was to evaluate the inducibility of atrialfibrillation in a group of patients with atrioventricular junctionalreentrant tachycardia and to compare it with that of patientswith a Kent-type ventricular pre-excitation (Wolff-Parkinson-Whitesyndrome) and a control group. One hundred and twenty-five subjects were separated into groups.Group 1 comprised 49 Wolff-Parkinson-White patients, with amean age of 26.4, range 10.66 years; group 2, 51 patients withatrioventricular junctional reentrant tachycardia inducibleby transoesophageal atrial stimulation andlor clinically documented,with a mean age of 43.4, range 16–78 years; group 3, 25control subjects with a mean age of2.64, range 13–76 years. Each subject underwent atrial transoesophageal stimulation withthe following protocol: programmed atrial stimulation with 1and 2 stimuli during atrial pacing of 100. min^–1 and 150.min^–1; atrial stimulation for 10 s at a rate of 200–300–400–500–600.min^–1 with intervals of 10 s between stimulations, fivesuccessive ‘ramp-up’ atrial stimulations for 9 swith the rate increasing from 100 to 800. min^–1 with intervalsof 10 s between stimulations. The end point was the completionof the protocol or induction of sustained atrial fibrillation(>1 min). The chi-square test was used for statistical analysis. Our resultsshowed that in group 1 atrial fibrillation was induced in 27149patients (55.1%); this was sustained in 13149 (26.5%) and non-sustainedin 14149 (28.5%); in group 2, atrial fibrillation was inducedin 22151 patients (43.0%); it was sustained in 7151 (13.7%)and non-sustained in 15151 (29.4%); in group 3, sustained atrialfibrillation was not induced in any subject and in only onesubject was a non-sustained atrial fibrillation (4 s) induced. The chi-square test showed that group 2 vs group 1 were non-significant,while group 2 vs group 3 and group 1 vs group 3 were significant(P<0.003 and P<0.0007, respectively). Therefore group 2 patients showed a greater atrial vulnerabilityin comparison to the control subjects and a similar vulnerabilityto group 1 patients. It is possible that the greater atrialvulnerability in the patients of group 2 was due to the doublenodal pathway.     

以肥厚性硬脑膜炎为主要表现的肉芽肿性多血管炎临床病例分析

目的探讨肉芽肿性多血管炎(GPA)继发肥厚性硬脑膜炎(HCP)的临床特点。方法回顾性分析北京协和医院2004—2018年收治的GPA继发HCP病例资料的特点。结果①GPA患者315例,19例继发HCP,占6.0%;②男性12例,女性7例;年龄19~64岁,中位年龄57岁。③神经系统表现:19例均有头痛,16例颅神经受累。受累部位:额部8例,颞部8例,颅底8例(鞍旁4例,其中海绵窦3例,眶尖2例),小脑幕6例,大脑镰2例,顶部1例,枕部1例,1例合并硬脊膜炎。④系统表现:发热10例,体质量下降8例,肺部受累4例,肾脏受累3例,16例鼻窦炎,10例中耳炎,16例局限型GPA。⑤15例ANCA抗体阳性,8例蛋白酶3(PR3)-ANCA阳性,6例髓过氧化物酶(MPO)-ANCA阳性。⑥16例行腰椎穿刺检查:脑脊液压力9例升高、5例正常、2例降低;脑脊液蛋白升高10例。⑦15例(78.9%)伯明翰系统性血管炎评分(BVAS)>15分。⑧19例均使用糖皮质激素、免疫抑制剂治疗,其中12例行甲泼尼龙冲击治疗,12例鞘内注射地塞米松(或+甲氨蝶呤),19例病情均缓解。结论HCP是GPA少见且严重的表现,主要表现为颅高压和颅神经受累,多见于局限型GPA患者,常伴有全身疾病的活动,需积极治疗。