乌司他丁对心脏瓣膜置换术患者炎性因子的影响

目的研究乌司他丁在体外循环（cardiopulmonreal bypass,CPB）心脏瓣膜置换手术中对炎性细胞因子以及炎症反应的影响。方法选择择期体外循环下行瓣膜置换术病人36例,随机分为乌司他丁组（U组）和对照组（C组）,每组18例。U组给予乌司他丁1．2×10^4U／kg,C组予与等容量生理盐水。分别于麻醉诱导前（T1）,CPB开始后1h（T2）,CPB停止后1h（T3）,CPB停止后24h（T4）抽取动脉血,用酶联免疫吸附（ELISA）法测定血浆肿瘤坏死因子α（TNF-α）、白细胞介素-6（IL-6）和白细胞介素-10（IL-10）浓度。结果两组病人血浆TNF-α、IL-6和IL-10的浓度,在T2～T4各时点与CPB前比较均明显增加（P〈0．05）;T2-T4时点U组血浆TNF—α和IL-6浓度明显低于C组（P〈0．01）,IL-10浓度明显高于C组（P〈0．05）。结论乌司他丁能抑制CPB过程中促炎细胞因子TNF—α和IL-6的释放,促进抗炎细胞因子IL-10的释放,调节促炎因子和抗炎因子之间的平衡,从而减轻体外循环期间炎症反应。     

心脏瓣膜置换术患者围术期细胞因子、心肌酶及丙二醛的变化

目的 观察心脏瓣膜置换患者围术期血浆细胞因子、心肌酶及丙二醛的变化。方法 10例患者分别于术前（T1）、体外循环（CPB）转流前（T2）、开主动脉后30min（T3）、开主动脉后2h（T4）、术后24h（T5）测定血浆肿瘤坏死因子（TNF-α）、白介素-6（IL-6）、白介素-10（IL-10）和丙二醛（MDA）浓度及肌酸激酶（CK）、肌酸激酶同工酶（CK-MB）活性。结果 与T1相比，TNF-α、IL-6、IL-10、MDA、CK、CK—MB在开放主动脉后明显升高（P〈0．01）且持续至术后24h（P〈0．01或者0．05），其峰值均在开放主动脉后2h。结论 CPB心脏手术可促发促炎细胞因子和抗炎细胞因子及心肌酶的释放和氧自由基损伤，并由此加重心脏瓣膜外科病人已经存在的心肺功能损伤，使术后恢复延迟。     

乌司他丁对中性粒细胞NF—κB活性及血浆TNF—α和IL-8水平的影响

目的观察乌司他丁对体外循环（cardiopulmonary bypass,CPB）患者中性粒细胞（PMN）核因子κB（NF—κB）活性及血浆中TNF—α和IL-8水平的影响。方法选择在体外循环下行心脏直视手术的法洛四联症患儿40例,随机分成乌司他丁组（U组）和对照组（C组）,每组20例。U组于麻醉诱导后给予乌司他丁,C组患者则给予等容积的生理盐水代替。分别于麻醉后手术前（T1）、CPB开始后30min（他）、CPB停止后30min（T3）、CPB停止后4h（T4）和CPB停止后24h（T5）抽血,应用ELISA法检测NF—κB活性及血浆中TNF—α和IL-8水平。结果两组PMNNF—κB活性在CPB开始后逐渐升高,T3时达到峰值,之后逐渐下降,但在T5时点依然高于术前水平;U组在T2、B、T4、rr5时点PMNNF—κB活性均低于C组（P〈0．05）。两组TNF-α和IL-8水平均于手术开始后逐渐升高（P〈0．05）,T3达高峰,之后逐渐下降,在T5时点基本恢复正常;C组TNF—α和IL-8水平在T3、T4时点均显著高于U组（p〈0．05）。U组NF—κB的活性与血浆TNF-仪水平呈正相关,相关系数为0．533（P〈0．05）;NF—κB的活性与血浆IL-8水平亦呈正相关,相关系数为0．528（P〈0．05）。C组NF—κB的活性与血浆TNF—α、IL-8水平亦呈正相关,相关系数分别为0．531、0．512（P〈0．05）。结论乌司他丁可以通过降低CPB患者PMNNF—κB活性进而降低血浆TNF—α和IL-8的表达,抑制体外循环后的炎症反应。     

国产和进口膜式氧合器在心内直视手术中应用的比较

目的通过比较国产和进口膜式氧合器在心内直视手术中的性能评价指标,为心脏手术中膜式氧合器的选择提供依据。方法40例患者随机分为两组,每组20例,A组术中使用国产膜式氧合器,B组术中使用进口膜式氧合器,两组其他处理条件相同。两组均于体外循环（CPB）开始前（T1）、CPB开始后30min（T2）、CPB结束时（T3）、CPB结束后2h（T4）、CPB结束后24h（T5）五个时点采静脉血,测定白介素-6（IL-6）、肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）的水平;于T1和T3时点采静脉血及尿液,测定血、尿游离血红蛋白含量;同时测定两组患者T1、T2和T3动脉血pH值、氧分压（PaO2）、二氧化氮分压（PaCO2）、动脉血氧饱和度（SaO2）水平。结果①两组患者血清IL-6、TNF-α的水平均于CPB结束后明显升高（P〈0．05）,两组比较差异无显著性（P〉0．05）;②两组患者术后血、尿游离血红蛋白含量均明显高于术前（P〈0．05）,两组比较无显著性差异（P〉0．05）;③两组pH值、PaC02、Sa02比较差异无显著性（P〉0．05）,两组Pa02比较B组〈A组（P〈0．05）,但数值均在正常范围内,已能满足CPB中机体所需PaO2。结论国产膜式氧合器性能已达到国际同类产品水平,因其质优价廉、性价比高,符合我国国情,值得推广。     

异丙酚对体外循环下心脏瓣膜置换术患者血清白细胞介素-6及白细胞介素-10含量的影响

目的探讨体外循环过程中异丙酚对心脏瓣膜置换术患者血清白细胞介素（IL）-6及IL-10含量的影响。方法选择ASA Ⅲ级,预计主动脉阻断时间和体外循环时间分别在30、60min以上的风湿性心脏瓣膜病患者30例,随机分为对照组（C组）和异丙酚组（P组）,每组15例。P组在中心静脉置管后以5mg／（kg·h）的速度输注异丙酚,分别于切皮前（T1）、主动脉阻断后30min（T2）、CPB停机后90min（T3）采集两组上腔静脉血检测血清IL-6和IL—10含量。结果两组IL-6含量在T2、T3均较T1升高（P〈0．05）,并于T3达峰值,C组T3高于T2,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）,P组T3与T2差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）;两组IL-10在T2均较T1呈下降趋势,但仅C组T2与T1之间差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）,在T3均较T1、T2升高,两组T3与．T2比较差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。两组患者血清IL-6、IL-10含量,在T1、T2差异均无统计学意义（P〉0．05）,在T3时,P组IL-6高于C组,IL-10低于C组,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论心脏瓣膜置换术患者围术期使用异丙酚可以抑制IL-6的释放．促进IL-10的分泌．有效地抑制体外循环引起的炎性反应。     

体外循环中梯度控制氧分压对紫绀型先天性心脏病心肌保护的影响

目的探讨体外循环（CPB）中梯度控制动脉氧分压（PaO2）对紫绀型先天性心脏病心肌保护的影响。方法3岁以下经皮血氧饱和度〈85％、行根治术的法洛四联症患儿90例,随机分为三组：实验1组（G1组,n=30）以接近患儿术前水平的低氧分压启动CPB并控制CPB中血流复温前的PaO2≤130mmHg,CPB血流复温后使PaO2逐渐升至250～300mmHg;实验2组（G2组,n=30）CPB中PaO2在250～300mmHg启动CPB,血流复温后使PaO2逐渐升至450～500mmHg;对照组（G3组,n=30）CPB中PO2始终控制在450—500mmHg。观察心肌生化改变：于CPB前、CPB10min、升主动脉开放（CCR）10min、术后6h、24h抽外周血检测心肌酶CKMB、LDH活性及cTnⅠ浓度。结果①CKMB：CPB前及CPB10min三组间无差异;CCR10min、术后6h及24h G1组显著低于G3组（P〈0．01）;CCR10min G2组显著低于G3组（P〈0．05）。②LDH：CPB前及CPB10min三组间无差异;CCR10min、术后6h和24hG1组显著低于G3组（P〈0．01或P〈0．05）。③cTnⅠ：CPB前及CPB10min三组间无差异;CCR10min、术后6h、术后24h G1组显著低于G3组（P〈0．01）;术后6hG2组cTnⅠ也显著低于G3组（P〈0．05）。结论对于紫绀型先天性心脏病,CPB中PaO2控制在G1组的低水平能减少CKMB、LDH活性及cTnⅠ的释放,改善心肌保护效果。     

七氟醚预处理在小儿心脏手术中的心肌保护作用

目的观察七氟醚对小儿心脏手术围术期炎症反应的影响及其心肌保护的效果。方法选择24例择期行先天性心脏病手术的患儿,随机分成实验组（s组）和对照组（c组）,每组12例。s组在麻醉诱导气管插管后至夹闭主动脉前吸入七氟醚（呼气末浓度为2％）,而c组只吸入纯氧。分别于麻醉诱导前即刻（T0）、主动脉开放后20min（T1）、停CPB4b（T2）、24h（T3）采集桡动脉血,测定肿瘤坏死因子α（TNF—α）、血浆心肌肌钙蛋白I（cTnI）水平。结果与T0时比较,两组T1～3时TNF—α．和cTnI水平均升高（P〈0．05）;与c组比较,S组T1-3时TNF-α浓度降低,T2～3时cTnI水平降低（P〈0．05）。cTnI与TNF—α呈正相关,相关系数r为0．67。结论七氟醚预处理通过抑制炎症反应,对小儿CPB患者心肌产生一定的保护作用。     

乌司他丁在体外循环中肺保护机制的研究

目的探讨体外循环（cardiopulmonary bypass,CPB）所引起的肺组织炎性损伤,研究术中应用乌司他丁（UTI）对肺的保护作用及可能的机制。方法25例患者随机分为两组,实验组于转流后将UTI加入体外循环机中。动态检测两组患者左、右房中性粒细胞数（polymorphonuclear neutrophils,PMN）、血小板数（Plt）;血清白细胞介素-6（IL-6）、白细胞介素-10（IL-10）、肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）水平;肺顺应性;CPB后肺组织电镜检查变化结果。结果①对照组心脏复跳后左房PMN、Pt明显低于右房（P〈0．05）;②CPB开始后,两组桡动脉血IL-6、TNF-α进行性升高,心脏复跳后逐渐下降,对照组增高更显著（P〈0．05）。③CPB开始后,两组桡动脉血IL-10进行性增高,心脏复跳后逐渐下降,实验组增高更显著（P〈0．05）。④肺顺应性在停CPB后均降低,对照组降低更显著,与实验组比较有显著差异（P〈0．05）。⑤电镜观测：实验组Ⅰ型、Ⅱ型肺泡细胞内细胞器、细胞形态学的改变较轻。结论UTI能减轻CPB后肺损伤,保护术后肺功能。     

腺苷预处理对人未成熟心肌缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用机制

目的探讨腺苷预处理对人未成熟心肌缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用机制。方法将42例5周岁以下行室间隔缺损修补术的患儿采用数字表法随机分成腺苷组（A组）和对照组（B组），每组21例。腺苷组在体外转流前经颈内静脉插管直接向上腔静脉滴注腺苷进行预处理，对照组亦在体外转流前经相同路径滴入等量的09％氯化钠溶液。然后在体外循环前（T1）、体外循环结束即刻（T2）、主动脉开放1h（T3）、主动脉开放3h（T4）、主动脉开放24h（T5）分别取血检测丙二醛（mafondialdehyde，MDA）、TNF—α、IL-10的含量及红细胞压积（HCT），并分别在主动脉阻断前和主动脉开放15min取右心房相同部位少量心肌组织（约2mm^3），电镜观察其超微结构的改变情况。结果两组患儿MDA、TNF—α、IL-10浓度均于体外循环开始后显著升高（P〈0.01），MDA及IL-10浓度在T3时点达最高，TNF—α浓度在T4时点达最高，此后开始下降。腺苷组T3、T4时点MDA浓度较T1时点显著增高（P〈0.01），对照组T3、T4、T5时点MDA浓度较T1时点显著增高（P〈0．01），而且腺苷组MDA浓度在T2、T3、T4、T5各时点均显著低于对照组（P〈0.01）；两组患儿T2、T3、T4、T5各时点的TNF—α及IL-10浓度均显著高于T1时点（P〈0.01），而且腺苷组T2、T3、T4、T5各时点的TNF—α浓度均显著低于对照组（P〈0．01），T3、T4、T5时点IL-10浓度均显著高于对照组（P〈0．01）。此外，电镜下观察可见，腺苷组心肌线粒体轻度肿胀，少许空泡变性，肌浆网水肿，肌膜下轻微水肿，肌丝间隙稍增大；对照组心肌线粒体肿胀及空泡样变性明显，肌丝排列紊乱，部分肌丝溶解断裂。结论减轻炎症反应可能是腺苷预处理对人未成熟心肌缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用机制之一。     

心脏不停跳对体外循环术后炎性反应的影响

目的 评价心脏不停跳手术减轻体外循环（CPB）术后炎性反应的效果。方法 先天性心脏病患者44例，随机分为实验组（不停跳组）和对照组（停跳组）。实验组在浅低温（31℃～34℃）体外循环、心脏跳动状态下手术；对照组在冷晶体停跳、中度低温（28℃～30℃）CPB下手术。分别在术前（T1）、CPB结束后即刻（T3）、2h（T3）、6h（T4）、24h（T5）采集血标本，检测血清中肿瘤坏死因子（TNF-α），白细胞介素8（IL-8），丙二醛（MDA）含量。结果 CPB结束后两组TNF-α、IL-8、MDA含量均较术前明显升高；实验组IL-8含量在CPB后各时点均低于对照组（P〈0．01）；实验组TNF-α、MDA含量在体外循环后即刻、3h及6h较对照组为低（P〈0．05、〈0．01），在24h两组无差异（P〉0．05）。结论 心脏不停跳手术可以减少细胞因子的释放，减轻CPB炎性反应。     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

Acupuncture Combined with Spinal Tui Na for Treatment of Primary Dysmenorrhea in 30 Cases

Objective: To observe the therapeutic effects in acupunture treatment of primary dysmenorrhea combined with spinal Tui Na, and study its mechanism. Methods: Thirty cases of the treatment group were treated by acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na, and thirty cases in the control group were treated by routine acupuncture. Results: The total effective rate was 93.3% in the treatment group, and 73.3% in the control group, with a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). Conclusions: Acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na has good prospects for treatment of primary dysmenorrhea.     

Luo Lingjie's Experience in Treating Chronic Nephropathy

In treating chronic nephropathy,Luo Lingjie,a chief physician,pays attention to regulating the balance between yin and yang,treating infection if present,and removing pathogenic factors.He prescribes gentle drugs and uses carefully strongly warming-tonifying ones,emphasizes the importance of persuading the patient to persist in treatment with medication and nurse one's health for recuperation,and is good at combined use of TCM and western medicine therapy and brings the merits of various therapies into full play,with obvious theraoeutic effects.     

Dr.Zhang Ren's Experience in the Acupuncture Treatment of Different Diseases with the Same Therapeutic Principle

Dr.Zhang Ren,the chief physician,is the chairman of Shanghai Acupuncture and Moxibustion Association.Having been engaged in medicine for about 40 years,he is experienced in treating various intractable diseases.In his long years of clinical practice,he advocates taking the TCM differentiation as the basis to seek for the acupuncture method for treatment of modern intractable diseases.The author of this essay had the fortune to follow Dr.Zhang in study.The following is a summary of Dr.Zhang's experience in the acupuncture treatment for different intractable diseases with the same therapeutic principle.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

猪肺磷脂注射液联合经鼻持续气道正压通气对呼吸衰竭早产儿的临床疗效及肌酸激酶同工酶活性的影响

目的 探讨猪肺磷脂注射液联合经鼻持续气道正压通气(NCPAP)对呼吸衰竭早产儿的临床疗效及肌酸激酶同工酶活性(CK-MB)的影响.方法 选取呼吸衰竭早产儿80例,分为观察组和对照组各40例.对照组采用NCPAP给氧治疗,观察组给予NCPAP给氧联合猪肺磷脂气管内给药.观察两组患儿治疗前及治疗12h、24 h后PaO2、PaCO2、血氧饱和度(SaO2)、pH的变化情况,检测治疗前及治疗5d后血清CK-MB水平;评估两组患儿的临床治疗效果.结果 两组患儿PaO2、PaCO2、SaO2、pH比较,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05),其中观察组治疗后的PaO2、SaO2、pH均高于对照组,PaCO2则低于对照组.两组的PaO2、SaO2、pH均随观察时间延长而升高(P＜0.05),PaCO2均随观察时间的延长而降低(P＜0.05).观察组治疗有效率为87.5％,显著高于对照组的70.0％ (P ＜0.05).治疗5d后两组患儿血清CK-MB水平均较前降低(P＜0.05),且观察组明显低于对照组(P＜0.05).结论 猪肺磷脂注射液气管内给药联合NCPAP可以显著降低呼吸衰竭早产儿CK-MB的含量,提高治疗有效率,起到很好的呼吸循环支持作用.