炔诺酮与促性腺素释放激素增效剂联合治疗有症状性子宫内膜异位症的疗效

促性腺素释放激素增效剂(Gn R H-a)治疗子宫内膜异位症可出现因低雌激素状态所致的副作用,特别是潮热及骨质减少。因此,在应用有效的治疗手段以根除异位症病灶及症状的同时,作者将炔诺酮与高效GnRH-a联合应用以减轻上述副作用。作者对10例经腹腔镜诊断的有症状性宫内膜异位症患者进行治疗,其中6例有生育要求,平均年龄为27.4岁(21～34岁)。病人经腹腔镜术后,于黄体中期开始GnRH-a治疗。每日晨8∶00用GnRH-a自行皮下注射,持续24周。同时每日服用最小量的炔诺酮0.35mg。为减轻血管舒缩症状,炔诺酮可每日增加0.35mg,至     

腹腔镜手术联合药物治疗青春期子宫内膜异位症的疗效观察

目的:观察腹腔镜手术联合药物治疗青春期子宫内膜异位症的疗效,探讨治疗青春期子宫内膜异位症的最佳方案。方法:2006年～2010年我院收治的32例青春期子宫内膜异位症患者均行腹腔镜手术治疗,按术后用药分为口服避孕药组(18例)和戈舍瑞林延长注射组(14例),比较两组患者的症状缓解率、复发率及药物副反应。结果:口服避孕药组症状有效率为55.56%,复发率为27.78%,在症状缓解及控制复发方面均显著低于戈舍瑞林组(92.86%,7.14%)(P<0.05)。两组治疗过程中均有不良反应,避孕药组主要为不规则阴道出血、胃肠道反应、乳房胀痛、体重增加,戈舍瑞林组主要为潮热、多汗等更年期样症状,通过反加治疗后均缓解。结论:青春期子宫内膜异位症患者腹腔镜术后,联合戈舍瑞林延长注射可取得确切疗效,有效缓解症状,降低复发率。     

黑升麻异丙醇提取物防治GnRHa疗程中低雌激素症状疗效分析

目的研究黑升麻异丙醇提取物改善GnRHa治疗子宫内膜异位症疗程中低雌激素症状的疗效。方法选择2009年3月至2011年8月于中山大学孙逸仙纪念医院手术后应用GnRHa治疗的子宫内膜异位症患者125例,分入4组:研究组口服黑升麻异丙醇提取物,研究1组49例,从注射GnRHa第一针起开始服用,20mg/次,2次/d;研究2组45例,从注射GnRHa第二针开始口服,20mg/次,2次/d;反加疗法组21例,从使用GnRHa第二针开始口服利维爱,2.5mg/d;对照组10例,不使用研究药物或反加治疗药物。比较各组间及组内从使用GnRHa第一针起每4周Kupperman评分及各单项评分之间的差异及各组间用药前后FSH,LH,E2之间的差异。结果注射GnRHa第一针时,各组Kupperman评分差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),注射GnRHa第一针后4周,研究1组Kupperman评分,潮热出汗评分显著低于其他各组同期评分,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。注射GnRHa第一针后8周和12周,研究1和2组,反加疗法组Kupperman评分,潮热出汗评分均低于同期对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。和反加疗法组比较,研究1和研究2组潮热出汗评分差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。治疗后研究1和研究2组FSH、LH、E2与对照组相比差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 GnRHa治疗子宫内膜异位症疗程中,黑升麻异丙醇提取物从注射第一支GnRHa就开始使用,可以预防出现明显的潮热出汗症状。     

重度子宫内膜异位症术后使用GnRH-a与孕三烯酮的临床观察

目的:观察重度子宫内膜异位症术后使用孕三烯酮部份替代促性腺激素释放激素激动剂(GnRH-a)其复发和妊娠的临床效果。方法:将61例分期为Ⅲ期或Ⅳ期的子宫内膜异位症腹腔镜手术后的患者随机分为两组:GnRH-a组33例,术后每4周皮下注射GnRH-a 3.75 mg,共6个月;GnRH-a和孕三烯酮组28例,术后先用3个月的GnRH-a,然后口服孕三烯酮胶囊3个月,2.5mg/次,每周2次。比较两组的术后子宫内膜异位症复发率、妊娠率和副反应情况。结果:随访GnRH-a和孕三烯酮组术后2年的复发率和累积妊娠率与GnRH-a组相似,分别为24.2%和21.4%、57.9%和56.3%,差异无统计学意义(P0.05);GnRH-a组患者不规则子宫出血率少于GnRH-a和孕三烯酮组,分别为6.1%和28.6%,差异有统计学意义;两组肝酶升高、骨密度异常和低雌激素症状的差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:重度子宫内膜异位症患者腹腔镜保守术后注射GnRH-a3个月后口服孕三烯酮3个月的疗效与单用GnRH-a 6个月疗效相当,且副反应相似,但经济负担减轻,有利于基层推广使用。     

子宫颈子宫内膜异位症19例临床病理分析

目的分析子宫颈子宫内膜异位症的临床表现及诊治特点,以指导临床工作。方法回顾性分析北京协和医院妇产科1993年1月至2007年12月间病理证实为子宫颈子宫内膜异位症的19例患者的临床资料。结果19例子宫颈子宫内膜异位症患者中,11例术前宫颈外观正常而术后病理切片提示病变,其中9例行全子宫切除术,2例行宫颈锥切术。术前宫颈外观异常8例患者中,3例表现为宫颈肿物,1例表现为宫颈息肉,4例表现为宫颈紫蓝色结节;6例患者主诉有不规则阴道出血和／或性交后出血;4例浅表的宫颈紫蓝色结节行结节切除术,宫颈肿物及息肉行病灶切除2例,全子宫切除2例。结论子宫颈子宫内膜异位症可伴阴道不规则出血或性交后出血。治疗方式的选择应根据病变的类型、患者的年龄及生育要求采取个体化的手段。     

肠道子宫内膜异位症诊断及治疗

摘要：肠道子宫内膜异位症是指子宫内膜异位症病灶侵入或生长于部分或全部肠壁的浆肌层,主要表现是痛经、性交痛、排便痛。肠道子宫内膜异位症可以位于整个消化道的许多部位,但以乙状结肠和直肠交界处最常见。直肠气钡双重造影、经阴道超声、直肠内镜超声、磁共振成像(MRI)、多层螺旋CT等有助于明确诊断。药物治疗可以暂时控制症状,但不能使患者长期获益。根治性子宫内膜异位症病灶切除,包括肠道子宫内膜异位症病灶切除,是治疗肠道子宫内膜异位症的有效方法。肠道子宫内膜异位结节切除方法有表面病灶切除术,病灶碟形切除术和肠管节段性切除吻合术。尽管手术切除肠道子宫内膜异位症病灶还存在争议,但是越来越多的研究显示创伤性的手术改善了肠道子宫内膜异位症患者的症状及生存质量,增加了患者受孕机会。     

阴道直肠隔子宫内膜异位症25例的诊断治疗

目的 :探讨阴道直肠隔子宫内膜异位症的诊断和治疗方法。方法 :回顾分析1986至 2 0 0 2年手术病理证实的阴道直肠隔子宫内膜异位症 2 5例。结果 :发病年龄平均39岁 ,临床表现为各种形式的盆腔痛及不育 ,6 6 .7%合并有肠道症状。病灶位于阴道直肠隔内 ,单发 2 0例 ,多发 5例 ,直径 1～ 4cm。术前药物治疗中假孕疗法 7例 ,4例症状缓解 ,3例无效 ;假绝经疗法 8例 ,6例症状缓解 ,2例无效。 2 3例行手术治疗 ,2例行病灶切除术 ,11例行全子宫及阴道直肠隔异位病灶切除术 ;3例行全子宫单侧附件及阴道直肠隔异位病灶切除术 ;7例行全子宫双附件及阴道直肠隔异位病灶切除术。术后 6例用药物治疗 ,3例假孕疗法 ,3例假绝经疗法。在平均 15 .2月的随诊中 ,2 0例 (80 % )症状缓解 ,5例 (2 0 % )复发 ,其中 4例于术后 1年内复发 ,多发灶位于阴道直肠隔 ,1例于术后 14月复发 ,多发灶位于阴道残端。根治性手术组 (全子宫双附件及阴道直肠隔异位病灶切除术 )无 1例复发 ,非根治手术组 5例复发 ,两组差异有显著性 (P <0 .0 1)。结论 :阴道直肠隔子宫内膜异位症临床少见 ,通常有盆腔痛及不育 ,肠道症状的发生率高。临床诊断依靠妇科三合诊 ,药物治疗可以短期缓解症状 ,根据年龄、症状、生育要求采取个体化的手术治疗是主要的     

12例子宫恶性肿瘤合并子宫内膜异位症临床病理特征分析

目的 总结子宫恶性肿瘤合并子宫内膜异位症患者的临床病理特征,并探讨两者的相互关系。方法 回顾性对北京大学人民医院1991年1月～2000年12月住院治疗的子宫恶性肿瘤合并子宫内膜异位症患者的临床病理资料进行分析。结果 188例子宫恶性肿瘤患者中合并子宫内膜异位症12例(6.38％),平均年龄50.67岁。常见的临床症状为阴道不规则出血或阴道排液。全部患者经手术治疗,术后病理证实合并内异症的子宫恶性肿瘤恶性程度较低(8例内膜癌均为I期,4例内膜间质肉瘤均为低度恶性)。异位病灶部位:卵巢9例,宫颈1例,淋巴结1例,骶骨韧带1例,其中合并子宫腺肌症2例。10例异位内膜表现不同程度的非典型增生(5例轻度,4例中重度,1例可见轻到中、重度的改变,最后发展成为间质肉瘤)。2例失访,1例死亡,余9例平均随访37个月,均存活。结论合并内异症的子宫恶性肿瘤疾病分期早,患者无瘤生存期长。临床工作中应仔细观察异位病灶的增生情况,对重度非典型增生患者进行全面检查和长期严密随访。     

直肠息肉样子宫内膜异位症1例

息肉样子宫内膜异位症(PEM)是一种罕见而特殊的子宫内膜异位症亚型。本文报道1例直肠PEM患者, 并复习相关的文献。本例患者50岁, 因排便不畅伴便血于9年前确诊子宫内膜异位症, 并予促性腺激素释放激素激动剂(GnRH-a)治疗, 在停用GnRH-a后因排便不畅伴便血入院;影像学检查提示直肠内占位性病变, 予手术切除病灶后治愈;病理确诊为PEM。PEM罕见而表现多样, 诊断困难。临床医师应提高对PEM的认识, 准确判断, 避免误诊为恶性病变, 并应避免过度治疗。     

单独应用GnRH-a(goserelin acetate)与合用雌孕激素“反加疗法”治疗子宫内膜异位症的比较研究

芬兰5个研究中心应用长效促性腺激素释放激 素增效剂(GnRH-a)(goserelin 3.6mg/28天)分别与低雌孕激素制剂NET(含17β-E_22mg及炔诺酮1mg)和安慰剂联合,对88例症状严重并经腹腔镜诊断为子宫内膜异位症进行了前瞻性随机双肓治疗研究,治疗期限为6个月。通过对两组患者治疗前后盆腔症状评分变化,腹腔镜AFS评分变化,血FSH、LH、E_2水平及药物所致低雌激素症状等进行比较,以评价GnRH-a与雌孕激素联合应用对子宫内膜异位症疗     

促黄体激素释放激素类似物与低剂量炔诺酮联合治疗子宫内 …

目的 了解国产促黄体激素释放激素类似物（ＬＨＲＨ－ａ）与低剂量炔诺酮联合治疗子宫内膜异位症（内异症）的疗效及安全性。方法 将７例内异症患者随机分为两组，Ａ组３６例，采用ＬＨＲＨ－ａ１５０μｇ每日肌内注射（肌注）＋炔诺酮２．５ｍｇ每日口服治疗；Ｂ组４１例，单独应用ＬＨＲＨ－ａ肌注、疗程３－６个月。观察治疗前后症状、体征、肝、肾功能、血脂代谢、骨代谢生化指标及右侧胫骨超声速度（ＳＯＳ）变化。结果 Ａ组     

促性腺激素释放激素类似物治疗子宫内膜异位症是否需要个体化

目的:探讨子宫内膜异位症(EMs)手术后补充治疗和预防复发用药的个体化治疗问题。方法:回顾性分析腹腔镜手术后的EMs患者应用GnRHa引起的不良反应、随访月经恢复时间、恢复月经后痛经改善等情况。结果:共收集病例资料80例,应用GnRHa3-6个月。80例中30例因不良反应反向添加雌、孕激素类药物,不良反应主要表现为阴道出血(52例,65.0%)、潮热(62例,77.5%)、出汗(60例,75.0%)、阴道干燥(42例,52.5%)、性欲下降(32例,40.0%)、情绪改变(17例,21.2%)、骨痛(16例,20%)、乏力(7例,8.7%)、停用GnRHa 1-3个月后月经恢复;月经恢复后痛经缓解率为73.6%(35/59)。结论:①因应用GnRHa引起的雌激素低落导致的不良反应存在明显的个体差异,常规反向添加剂量并不能缓解所有患者的症状。②不良反应发生情况与疗效相关,建议对患者进行个体化治疗,对于阴道出血持续时间长者建议增加GnRHa剂量,对于不良反应显著者可在第2个月时减低GnRHa剂量。     

A prospective randomized study comparing endocrinological and clinical effects of two types of GnRH agonists in cases of uterine leiomyomas or endometriosis

OBJECTIVE: In order to assess the endocrinological changes associated with 2 types of low-dose GnRH agonists depot as well as their clinical efficacy, we performed a randomized prospective comparison study of patients having uterine leiomyomas or endometriosis. METHODS: A prospective randomized study involving 67 patients with uterine leiomyomas or endometriosis was carried out. These patients were randomly administered either buserelin MP 1.8 mg (Group B, n = 34) or leuprolide 1.88 mg (Group L, n = 33). In each group we evaluated the symptoms of genital bleeding and hot flashes during GnRHa treatment, as well as the levels of serum LH, FSH, and estradiol 8 weeks after the start of treatment. In addition, the endometrial thickness was measured by transvaginal ultrasonography, and changes in the volume of the uterine leiomyoma or endometrial cyst at the end of treatment. The GnRHa depot was administered from 3 to 8 times, 28 days apart, in both groups. RESULTS: The incidence of menstruation-like genital bleeding 8 weeks after treatment was significantly (p < 0.01) higher in Group B. However this difference disappeared by 12 weeks after treatment. The climacteric symptom of hot flashes was found to be significantly (p < 0.01) more severe in Group L, and this tendency continued until 20 weeks after treatment. The 2 groups did not differ significantly with regard to the levels of the serum LH, FSH, and estradiol at 8 weeks after treatment or in the endometrial thickness at the end of the GnRHa treatment. In both groups, the volumes of the uterine leiomyomas were significantly (p < 0.01) lower after the treatment. In contrast, the volumes of the endometrial cysts did not decrease after administration of GnRHa in both groups. CONCLUSION: Leuprolide 1.88 induced pituitary down regulation more rapidly than buserelin MP. However the hypoestrogenic symptoms such as hot flashes were more severe in cases treated with leuprolide 1.88 than in those treated with buserelin MP. Our data confirm that the therapeutic efficacy of buserelin MP and leuprolide 1.88 are similar, with both being sufficient to treat uterine leiomyomas and endometriosis.     

曲普瑞林治疗子宫内膜异位症应个体化

目的：探讨曲普瑞林（商品名：达菲林）个体化治疗子宫内膜异位症（EMs）的必要性。方法：对34例卵巢子宫内膜异位囊肿剥除术后的患者进行前瞻性临床观察,辅助注射曲普瑞林3.75 mg 3～6个月,每28天1次。观察曲普瑞林治疗后的近期不良反应,尤其是异常阴道出血和潮热、盗汗症状,同时测定用药第0,7,21天血清卵泡刺激素（FSH）、黄体生成激素（LH）和雌二醇（E2）水平。结果：根据是否阴道异常出血将患者分成2组,用药第7天血清E2水平差异有统计学意义（Z＝2.612,P＝0.009）。E2水平与阴道出血的天数呈正相关（rs＝0.587,P＜0.05）。再根据是否出现严重潮热、盗汗将患者分成2组,发现用药第21天FSH水平和FSH/LH比值差异均有统计学意义（Z＝2.247,P＝0.025;Z＝2.201,P＝0.028）。FSH水平和FSH/LH比值均与潮热、盗汗的程度呈负相关（rs＝-0.541,rs＝-0.588,P＜0.05）。结论：个体差异可能导致曲普瑞林治疗后内分泌变化和近期不良反应不同,应该实施个体化治疗。曲普瑞林注射后第7天的E2水平可以预测是否有异常阴道出血发生,第21天血清FSH水平或FSH/LH比值可以预测潮热、盗汗的严重程度,协助选择最佳治疗方案。     

Reversible hypogonadism induced by a luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LH-RH) agonist (Buserelin) as a new therapeutic approach for endometriosis

Ten women with endometriosis (stages I to IV) were treated with twice-daily subcutaneous injections of 200 micrograms of (D-Ser[TBU]6-des-Gly-NH2(10] luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone ethylamide (Buserelin) for 5 days followed by 400 micrograms intranasally three times daily for 25 to 31 weeks. Serum follicle-stimulating hormone levels returned to basal values on the second day of treatment, and serum luteinizing hormone levels progressively decreased to normal within 4 weeks. Serum estradiol decreased below early follicular phase levels within 7 to 30 days and continued to decrease to castrate levels. Light to moderate estrogen withdrawal bleeding was followed by amenorrhea with occasional bleeding or spotting in four women. Abdominal pain and dyspareunia disappeared or were ameliorated after 2 months of treatment. Resorption of endometrial implants was demonstrated by laparoscopy, and endometrial biopsy revealed atrophy or weak proliferation. Ovulation returned within 45 days, and two of four sexually active women became pregnant during cycles 3 and 5. The treatment was well accepted in spite of the expected hot flushes and vaginal dryness. Safety laboratory tests during and after treatment did not reveal any abnormalities. Reversible down-regulation of pituitary/ovarian function using repetitive luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone agonist administration can be a worthwhile approach to medical treatment of endometriosis.     

曲普瑞林治疗子宫内膜异位症应个体化

目的：探讨曲普瑞林（商品名：达菲林）个体化治疗子宫内膜异位症（EMs）的必要性。方法：对34例卵巢子宫内膜异位囊肿剥除术后的患者进行前瞻性临床观察,辅助注射曲普瑞林3.75mg3～6个月,每28天1次。观察曲普瑞林治疗后的近期不良反应,尤其是异常阴道出血和潮热、盗汗症状,同时测定用药第0,7,21天血清卵泡刺激素（FSH）、黄体生成激素（LH）和雌二醇（E2）水平。结果：根据是否阴道异常出血将患者分成2组,用药第7天血清E2水平差异有统计学意义（Z=2.612,P=0.009）。E2水平与阴道出血的天数呈正相关（rs=0.587,P〈0.05）。再根据是否出现严重潮热、盗汗将患者分成2组,发现用药第21天FSH水平和FSH/LH比值差异均有统计学意义（Z=2.247,P=0.025;Z=2.201,P=0.028）。FSH水平和FSH/LH比值均与潮热、盗汗的程度呈负相关（rs=-0.541,rs=-0.588,P〈0.05）。结论：个体差异可能导致曲普瑞林治疗后内分泌变化和近期不良反应不同,应该实施个体化治疗。曲普瑞林注射后第7天的E2水平可以预测是否有异常阴道出血发生,第21天血清FSH水平或FSH/LH比值可以预测潮热、盗汗的严重程度,协助选择最佳治疗方案。     

The effect of tibolone in postmenopausal women receiving tamoxifen after surgery for breast cancer: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial

OBJECTIVE: To assess the effects of tibolone on climacteric symptoms, endometrium and serum lipid/lipoproteins in postmenopausal women receiving tamoxifen after surgery for breast cancer. DESIGN: Double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled, multicentre pilot study. SETTING: Hospital outpatient clinic. SAMPLE: Seventy postmenopausal women receiving tamoxifen following surgery for early breast cancer. METHODS: Women received 20 mg/day oral tamoxifen plus either 2.5 mg/day oral tibolone or placebo for 12 months. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Frequency and severity of hot flushes (diary cards); intensity of hot flushes and sweats (Landgren scale); interference of hot flushes and sweats with normal life; frequency and intensity of other climacteric symptoms; endometrial thickness and histology; vaginal bleeding; breast cancer recurrence and serum lipid/lipoproteins. RESULTS: Daily card data showed no change in the daily number of hot flushes with either tibolone or placebo (P= 0.219) after three months. There was a significant reduction in the severity of flushes with tibolone compared with placebo (-0.4 vs 0.2, P= 0.031). The Landgren scale showed a mean change in the number of hot flushes of -0.6 with tibolone and +1.1 with placebo after 12 months (P= 0.022). Endometrial biopsies were normal and vaginal bleeding was similar in both groups. A significant decrease in triglycerides (-23% vs 1.4%) and HDL (-12% vs 19%) was seen with tibolone compared with placebo after 12 months. CONCLUSIONS: Tibolone prevented an increase in hot flushes in postmenopausal women given tamoxifen following surgery for breast cancer without untoward effects on the endometrium. Beneficial effects on serum lipid profile were noted.     

Synchronous ovarian and endometrial carcinoma: a strong link to endometriosis?

PURPOSE: To further study the clinicopathological features of synchronous ovarian and endometrial carcinomas. METHODS: We retrospectively studied all cases of synchronous ovarian and endometrial carcinomas diagnosed in our laboratory over the last 15-year period. The pathological findings were correlated with the clinical records of the patients. RESULTS: Seven cases of synchronous primary ovarian and endometrial carcinomas were retrieved. The most common presenting symptom was abnormal vaginal bleeding (5 cases, 71.4%). Five patients (71.4%) were postmenopausal and two (28.6%) were nulliparous. All seven patients had Stage I ovarian and endometrial carcinomas of endometrioid histology. Moreover, in all seven ovarian carcinomas endometriosis foci were observed, while atypical endometriosis was found in four of them. With the exception of one patient, who received adjuvant postoperative radiation, all remaining patients were treated with surgery alone. All patients were alive and free of disease at completion of the study. CONCLUSION: The correct classification of synchronous primary ovarian and endometrial carcinomas is often problematic because of the frequent confusion with their metastatic counterparts. Although the exact etiology remains unclear, endometriosis seems to be a major risk factor for their development.     

地诺孕素用于子宫内膜异位症保守术后维持治疗的Meta分析

目的:比较地诺孕素与其他治疗方法在预防腹腔镜下子宫内膜异位症(EMs)保守术后复发的有效性及安全性,从而为临床上药物的选择提供参考依据.方法:检索PubMed、Embase、Cochrane Library、Web of Science、Clini-calTrials.gov、中国知网、万方及维普数据库自建库至2020...     

Effect of BCG vaccine on peritoneal endometriotic implants in a rat model of endometriosis

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccine on peritoneal implantation of endometrial tissue in rats. METHODS: Forty sexually mature virgin Wistar albino rats weighing 190-200 g were randomly assigned (double blind) to two groups. The rats in the first group were vaccinated with 0.1 mL BCG and those in the second group were injected with 0.1 mL saline into the tail, intracutaneously. All the rats underwent median laparotomy after 4 weeks of vaccination or injection. The right uterine horn was excised, and the two samples of endometrial tissue dissected from myometrium were implanted on each side of peritoneum at the 2 cm lateral line of the median laparotomy incision. The implanted peritoneal segments were excised after 8 weeks of laparotomy. The tissue samples were accepted, histologically, as endometriosis when both glands and stroma of endometrial tissue were seen in sections. RESULTS: Thirty-six implants from the study group and 34 implants from the control group were obtained. Ten and 23 implants were accepted as endometriosis in the study and control group, respectively. The number of endometriotic foci were significantly lower in the study group than in the control group (P = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Stimulation of the cellular immune response with BCG vaccine could exert an inhibitory effect on ectopic endometriotic implants.