宁夏某高校2004-2007年新生乙肝病毒感染现状及乙肝疫苗免疫效果

目的 了解2004-2007年大学新生乙肝病毒(hepatitis B virus,HBV)感染现状及接种乙肝疫苗的血清学效果,采取有效的防治措施,减少和控制乙肝传播.方法 采用ELISA法对6953名新生进行了HBV 5项标志物检测,对HBV血清标志物均阴性者进行了全程免疫.结果 新生抗-HBs阳性率为24.88%,HBsAg阳性率为5.28%,男生HBsAg阳性率高于女生(x2=23.85,P＜0.001),各民族新生HBsAg阳性率之间差异无统计学意义(x2=2.48,P＞0.05),无接种史HBsAg阳性率明显高于有接种史(x2=38.27,P＜0.001);HBsAg阳性共有5种感染模式,以HBsAg、HBeAg、抗-HBc均为阳性和HBsAg、抗-HBe、抗-HBc均为阳性所占比例最高,分别为39.51%和37.60%;新生乙肝易感者接种3针乙肝疫苗后抗-HBs阳转率为82.62%.结论 宁夏某高校2004-2007年新生69.84%对HBV易感,接种乙肝疫苗可提高易感新生对HBV的免疫力;应根据大学新生HBV不同感染模式,采取定期检测、隔离治疗等有效的防治措施.     

广州地区性病患者HBV感染研究

本文报道广州地区性病患者 HBV 的感染情况。我们在门诊对102例性病患者作乙肝 HBsAg、抗-HBs、HBeAg、抗-HBe、抗-HBc 检测,并以195例正常人群作对照。结果:性病组乙肝总感染率66.67%,显著高于对照组47.69%,(P<0.01);两组乙肝感染人群中正常人群出现抗 HBs率67.74%,明显高于性病组50%(0.01相似文献   

启东市非新生儿期接种乙肝疫苗儿童远期效果观察

目的:了解非新生儿期接种乙肝疫苗儿童的远期效果。方法:上述对象(非新生儿组)在12岁时全程接种乙肝疫苗(10μg/支),同龄的对照组(新生儿组)0岁起全程接种乙肝疫苗(10μg/支)。18岁时两组对象静脉采血,检测HBsAg、抗-HBs、抗-HBc和丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)。结果:非新生儿组与新生儿组相比:前者HBsAg(8.0%)、抗-HBs(62.3%)和抗-HBc(23.1%)阳性率显著高于后者HBsAg(2.0%)、抗-HBs(37.2%)和抗-HBc(4.5%)(P<0.001)。HBsAg阳性者中抗-HBc阳性率前者为100%,后者71.4%,P=0.035;抗-HBs阳性者中的抗-HBc阳性率前者为19.7%,后者6.0%,P=0.000。ALT异常率:前者(5.4%)和后者(6.4%)无显著差异(P=0.575)。将HB-sAg分为阳性者和HBsAg阴性者且进行组内比较时,两组HBsAg阴性者的ALT异常率(前者5.1%,后者6.4%)均显著高于HBsAg阳性者(前者0.6%,后者0.0%)(P=0.000)。结论:非新生儿期接种乙肝疫苗儿童在远期(18岁)仍具有较高抗-HBs阳性率,对HBV感染具有一定保护性;但HBV的感染标志HBsAg和抗-HBc高于新生儿期接种儿童。     

章贡区自然人群HBV感染血清流行病学调查

目的:为了解章贡区自然人群HBV感染状况,探讨流行规律.方法:章贡区卫生防疫站于2004年3月对章贡区所辖的10个镇、街办,分6个年龄段采取随机抽样的方法,对1 708名调查对象采用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)检测HBV感染基本指标.乙肝病毒表面抗原(HBsAg)与抗体(抗-HBs);乙肝病毒e抗原(HBeAg)与抗体(抗-HBe);乙肝病毒核心抗体(抗-HBc)五项血清指标(简称二对半).结果:总感染率48.13%,HBsAg流行率为13.82%,抗-HBs流行率为48.59%,HBeAg流行率为4.57%,抗-HBe流行率为15.4%,抗-HBc流行率为46.84%.结论:HBsAg、HBeAg、抗-HBe、抗-HBc流行率均是农村高于城市(P＜0.01),抗-HBs流行率城市高于农村,乙肝接种史与HBsAg、HBeAg、抗-HBe、抗-HBc等流行指标呈负相关,与抗-HBs呈正相关.     

聚集性感染家族内乙型肝炎病毒标志物

目的:研究HBV 血清标志物及HBV DNA在聚集性感染家族内的流行模式.方法:以2002/2005在我院感染科就诊的来自偏远山区的HBsAg阳性者为先证者,询问其家族史,筛选具有3代或以上遗传信息的家系. 签署知情同意书后,对这家系中所有的人进行流行病学调查,收集血样. 用ELISA检测HBsAg,抗-HBs,HBeAg,抗-HBe,抗-HBc;用Real-Time PCR 定量检测HBV DNA.结果:共收集27个家系237人;HBsAg,抗-HBs,HBeAg,抗-HBe,抗-HBc,HBV DNA的总体阳性率分别为45.6%,5.9%,26.7%,11.8%,62.9%,28.3%;在HBV聚集性感染家族中,男性的HBsAg,HBeAg,HBV DNA的阳性率显著高于女性;HBsAg及HBV DNA相对年龄成双峰分布,主要集中在18岁和45岁.结论:在聚集性感染家族中,HBV的流行病学资料有其自身特点;家族聚集性感染者符合慢性HBV感染的自然病程,多为婴幼儿期感染所致,可能与宿主的遗传易感性有关.     

肝炎病毒重叠感染影响乙肝标志物的探讨

目的:探讨乙肝病毒(HBV)与其它型肝炎病毒重叠感染时对血清中乙型肝炎病毒标志物的影响。方法:采用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)方法,检测HBV感染者血清中各型肝炎病毒抗体和HBV标志物,选取其中已确诊为重叠感染者49例为实验组,并从已确诊为单一HBV感染者中随机抽取68例作为对照组。结果:重叠感染组血清HBsAg,抗-HBcIgm等阳性率均明显低于对照组(P<0.05),而抗-HBs阳性率则显著高于对照组(P<0.05),其中丙型或戊型肝炎与HBV重叠感染时,HBeAg阳性率明显低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:其它型肝炎病毒与HBV重叠感染后,病毒间存在相互干扰作用。丙型及戊型肝炎病毒与HBV重叠感染时在一定程序上可抑制HBV复制。     

精神病医院医务人员乙型肝炎病毒感染临床分析

目的探讨精神病医院医务人员乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)感染状况,为医院进一步预防医患间HBV交叉感染提供依据。方法对全院281名医务人员用ELISA法检测乙肝表面抗原(HBsAg)乙肝表面抗体(抗-HBs)乙肝e抗原(HBeAg)乙肝e抗体(抗-HBe)乙肝核心抗体(抗-HBc)五项血清标志物。结果精神病医院医务人员HBV感染率53.38%,其中HBsAg阳性率11.39%,男性医务人员HBsAg阳性率10.92%,女性医务人员HBsAg阳性率11.73%,两组间无显著差异(P>0.01);临床医务人员HBsAg阳性率15.17%,非临床医务人员的HBsAg阳性率4.85%,两组间有显著性差异(P<0.01)且临床医务人员的HBsAg阳性率高于全国平均HBsAg阳性率,五项血清标志物全部阴性者占46.62%,主动注射乙肝疫苗获得免疫者(包括部份被动免疫者)占31.67%。结论积极改善精神病患者居住条件,加强预防与及时治疗HBV感染的精神病患者,大力宣传和提高精神病医院医务人员对传染病的防范意识并积极采取相应的防护措施预防HBV在医患间和患者之间传播感染,是当前精神病医院感染管理工作的一项重要内容,也是医院医疗质量管理的一项重要内容。     

广州市番禺区乙型肝炎感染现状血清学调查

目的:了解广州市番禺区人群HBV感染现状和流行特征。方法:选取广州市番禺区2008年8～11月1～59岁户籍人口617人作为调查对象,检测乙肝病毒血清学标志物。结果:调查结果显示番禺区1～59岁人群HBsAg阳性率是9.56%,抗-HBs阳性率为65.92%,抗-HBc阳性率为45.22%。男性HBsAg阳性率高于女性。17～59岁年龄层人群的HBsAg阳性率、抗-HBc阳性率均高于16岁以下(含16岁)。结论:调查结果显示番禺区1～59岁人群HBsAg携带及HBV感染情况均明显高于全国水平,显示番禺仍属乙肝高流行区。     

昆明地区HBsAg与抗-HBs双阳性慢性HBV感染患者流行病学调查及PreS/S基因突变特征

目的 探讨昆明地区HBsAg与抗-HBs(Anti-HBs)双阳性乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)感染患者流行病学及PreS/S基因突变特征。方法 选择2018年5月—2022年4月于云南大学附属医院住院及门诊定量检测乙肝两对半的438例慢性HBV感染患者为观察对象,将202例HBsAg(+)/抗-HBs(+)患者作为观察组,将236例HBsAg(+)/抗-HBs(-)患者作为对照组,对比两组患者临床特征。使用巢式聚合酶链反应扩增出PreS/S基因全长序列,确定基因型并分析PreS/S基因突变特征。结果 观察组患者在<10岁及高于80岁人群中的流行率较高,而对照组在20～49岁人群中的流行率较高。与对照组比较,观察组患者年龄、HBsAg<250 IU/mL比例、C型HBV感染及乙肝携带者比例均显著增加(P<0.05)。成功扩增PreS/S并测序成功的观察组样本共132例,其中B型基因81例,C型基因51例;对照组样本中B型基因110例,C型基因65例。B型基因患者中,与对照组比较,观察组N末端区域突变率明显增加(P<0.05)。C型基因患者中,与对照组比较,观察组MHR、...     

上海宝山区民工子女乙肝流行状况调查研究

目的了解上海郊区民工子女现阶段乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)感染现状,为制定防治策略提供依据。方法调查上海市宝山区9所民工子弟学校7～15岁非本地户籍民工子女7 239例和同年龄段城区本地户籍学生5 823例,检测外周血中乙肝标志物。调查乙型肝炎病毒表面抗原(HBsAg)阳性率和乙肝感染率,并与该地区本地户籍同年龄例群及该年龄段全国流行病学调查数据比较。结果民工子女HBsAg阳性率为3.0%,本地户籍儿童HBsAg阳性率为0.6%,两组间差异存在统计学意义(P<0.001);民工子女中11～15岁组儿童HBsAg阳性率高于7～10岁组(2.0%vs 4.9%,P<0.001)。民工子女HBV感染率高于本地户籍儿童(6.1%vs 2.34%,P<0.001)。民工子女11～15岁组HBV感染率高于7～10岁组儿童(9.6%vs 3.8%,P<0.001);男生感染率高于女生(7.0%vs 5.0%,P=0.02)。民工子女乙肝疫苗接种率为75.86%,低于本地户籍儿童乙肝疫苗接种率(94.98%),两组具有统计学差异(P<0.001)。结论民工子女HBsAg阳性率显著高于上海本地户籍儿童,且高于2006年全国乙肝血清学流行病学调查结果中同年龄组例群HBsAg阳性率,乙肝疫苗接种率低是其主要原因,需进一步加强民工子女计划免疫接种的宣传和监督。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.