缺铁性贫血对妊娠及其结局的影响

目的　了解孕妇缺铁性贫血 (IDA)的程度和主要相关因素 ,探讨其对妊娠结局的不良影响和补铁后的效果。方法　膳食调查、血液铁水平测定及补铁效果、妊娠结局观察的临床对照研究。结果　育龄妇女在妊娠前、后血红素铁摄入量较低 ;孕中、晚期IDA发生率分别为 14 3%,2 8 3%,其中Hb >10 0 g/L者占 94 3%;IDA孕妇组子痫前期发生率及分娩时宫缩乏力率、宫内发育迟缓和低出生体重发生率均显著高于正常孕妇组 ,IDA孕妇经补铁后 ,其血液铁水平和妊娠结局均有所改善。结论　孕期轻度IDA对母儿均有影响 ,妇女孕前应进行营养教育和指导 ,对孕期IDA应及时防治。     

个性化营养指导对孕期健康及妊娠结局的影响效果评价

目的评价孕期营养健康教育的不同实施方式对妊娠期母婴健康及妊娠结局的影响,探讨适宜的健康教育方式.方法调查北京市500名2013年2月至2015年2月进行产前检查并分娩的孕产妇,以是否接受孕期个体化营养指导,将其分为个体化营养指导组(250例)和对照组(250例),分别比较两组孕妇孕期体重增长情况、分娩方式、妊娠合并症及妊娠结局等相关因素.结果个性化营养指导组孕妇孕期体重增长正常者所占比例高于对照组,两组孕期体重增长比较有显著性差异(x2=8.46,P＜0.05),两组孕妇分娩方式比较有显著性差异(x2=6.72,P＜0.05).个性化营养指导组孕妇妊娠高血压发生率、巨大儿发生率、低出生体重儿率均显著低于对照组(x2值分别为23.54、5.98、6.57,均P＜0.05),两组妊娠糖尿病发病率无显著性差异(x2=2.42,P＞0.05).结论孕期进行个体化营养指导有利于控制孕期体重合理增长、降低剖宫产率,对减少孕期合并症的发生有积极作用.     

双胎早孕期轻度贫血对妊娠结局的影响

目的探讨早孕期轻度缺铁性贫血对双胎妊娠母儿结局的影响。方法对2016～2017年上海国际和平妇幼保健院分娩的双胎妊娠孕妇临床资料进行回顾性研究,比较孕早期轻度贫血(90 g/L≤血红蛋白110 g/L)与非贫血(血红蛋白≥110 g/L)孕妇的母儿结局。结果共纳入704例双胎孕妇,其中203例(28.8%)早孕期出现轻度贫血。早孕期轻度贫血双胎孕妇妊娠期糖尿病发生率(15/203,7.4%)低于非贫血组(68/501,13.6%)(P0.05);两组其他妊娠期并发症、分娩情况和围产儿结局比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论早孕期轻度缺铁性贫血的双胎孕妇妊娠期糖尿病发生率下降,同时并未增加围产儿不良结局风险。因此,双胎妊娠早孕期轻度缺铁性贫血可能为妊娠期糖尿病的保护因素,无须对所有双胎孕妇尤其是非贫血孕妇进行常规补充铁剂治疗。     

妊娠期缺铁性贫血发病的危险因素及对妊娠结局的影响

目的探讨妊娠期缺铁性贫血(IDA)发病的危险因素及对妊娠结局的影响。方法选取2018年1月-2019年6月台州市中心医院确诊的240例妊娠期IDA孕妇作为贫血组,随机选取480例未发生IDA的孕妇作为非贫血组,对所有孕妇进行随访调查;采用单因素比较法和多因素Logistic回归法分别筛选妊娠期IDA的危险因素,比较两组母婴妊娠结局的差异性。结果妊娠期IDA孕妇的危险因素包括高龄(OR=2.270)、农村地区(OR=3.161)、无规律产检(OR=4.371)、孕期素食为主(OR=3.442)及经常饮茶/咖啡(OR=4.768)等,而孕期营养指导(OR=0.485)、孕期补铁(OR=0.611)为保护因素。贫血组的妊娠期高血压疾病、胎儿窘迫、羊水异常、剖宫产、早产、产后出血及新生儿窒息等发生率均高于非贫血组(均P0.05)。结论影响妊娠期IDA孕妇发病的危险因素较多,且IDA对母婴妊娠结局影响较大,应做到早预防、早筛查、早诊断、早治疗,减少IDA的发生率,改善母婴妊娠结局。     

分析孕期营养指导对改善孕妇孕期营养与妊娠结局的影响

目的:分析孕期营养指导对改善孕妇孕期营养与妊娠结局的影响.方法:选取我院2015年2月至2016年2月在我院进行孕期保健的200例孕妇作为研究对象,采用随机分配的方式分为观察组与对照组各100例.对照组孕妇进行常规健康指导,观察组孕妇在此基础上给予营养指导,对比两组孕妇的孕期影响及妊娠结局.结果:观察组孕妇在蛋白质、叶酸、铁、钙、维生素等营养物质的日均摄入量普遍高于对照组(P<0.05),具备统计学意义;纳、脂肪等摄入量明显低于对照组(P<0.05),具备统计学意义;观察组出现宫内窘迫、胎儿生长受限、巨大儿、低体重儿、早产发生率均低于对照组,差异明显(P<0.05),具备统计学意义.结论:孕期营养指导能有效孕妇的营养摄入,减少新生儿并发症发生率,保证新生儿的健康成长,值得在临床推广应用.     

孕期营养保健对妊娠期缺铁性贫血及母婴结局的改善作用

目的探究分析孕期营养保健对妊娠期缺铁性贫血患者及母婴结局的影响。方法随机选取2013年10月-2015年10月广州市中西医结合医院收治的86例妊娠期缺铁性贫血患者为研究对象,将所选患者随机分为观察组(48例)和对照组(38例),对照组患者给予常规营养指导,观察组缓和给予孕期营养保健,观察两组患者缺铁性贫血纠正情况及母婴结局。结果两组患者经保健指导后贫血症状均得到了有效纠正,且观察组孕妇的贫血纠正控制显著优于对照组(P<0.05);观察组新生儿巨大儿发生率(6.25%)和低体重儿的发生率(4.17%)明显低于对照组,两组比较,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05),观察组产妇分娩后出现产后大出血、早产及妊娠高血压的发生率显著低于对照组,两组比较,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论孕期营养保健能够显著改善妊娠期缺铁性贫血孕妇的贫血情况,且有效减少了孕妇产后大出血等不良反应的发生率,有助于提高新生儿健康状况,值得临床推广应用。     

个体化孕期膳食营养指导对妊娠结局的影响

目的探讨个体化孕期膳食营养指导对妊娠结局的影响。方法孕13周前在张家港市妇保所围产期保健门诊建卡的正常单胎初产孕妇360例,随机分成两组,第1组为孕妇学校健康教育组,第2组为孕妇学校与孕妇个体化营养膳食指导结合组。比较两组孕妇在同等孕期时的体重、宫高、腹围、血压、血糖等的变化以及对妊娠结局的影响。结果两组孕妇体重调控效果有明显不同,第2组明显优于第1组(χ2=9.91,P<0.05)。第2组阴道分娩(正常产和阴道助产)、剖宫产、妊娠期高血压疾病、妊娠期糖尿病、巨大儿等高危妊娠及妊娠结局相关指标经比较与第1组有显著性差异(χ2分别为17.92、17.92、4.46、10.29、4.59,均P<0.05)。结论孕妇学校与孕妇个体化膳食营养指导相结合能更有效地调控孕妇体重,减少孕期疾病的发生,可获得满意的妊娠结局。     

妊娠合并轻型地中海贫血补铁治疗的临床探讨

目的探讨妊娠合并轻型地中海贫血补铁治疗的必要性和治疗时机。方法选取成都市妇女儿童中心医院2017年1月至2018年8月住院分娩的369例轻型地中海贫血孕妇,随机分为3组,A组(91例)孕期不予补铁治疗,B组(108例)建卡排除铁过载后即口服铁剂治疗,C组(170例)根据孕期血清铁蛋白(serum ferritin, SF)水平,低于30μg/L时开始补铁治疗。比较3组患者孕期的血红蛋白(hemoglobin, Hb)、SF水平变化及妊娠结局。结果①3组患者孕期Hb和SF均有下降,其中A组患者孕期Hb水平下降(12.59±4.02)g/L,SF水平下降(23.11±9.54)μg/L,明显高于B、C组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。②3组患者剖宫产率、产后出血量、新生儿出生体重及1 min Apgar评分,A组与B、C组比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.05),B、C两组间比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论轻型地中海贫血孕妇孕期可能存在SF减少并加重其贫血程度,增加不良妊娠结局。需动态监测SF,适时补铁治疗,以改善妊娠结局。     

体质指数指导的营养干预对妊娠结局的影响

目的:探讨体质指数指导下孕期营养干预对妊娠结局的影响。方法:选择280例在响水县妇幼保健所围保门诊孕期体检的正常单胎初产孕妇,随机分成观察组和对照组,每组140例,两组均给予定期孕期检查直至分娩,观察组在此基础上以体质指数为指导进行营养干预。比较两组妊娠结局。结果:观察组GDM、HDCP、胎膜早破、贫血发生率均低于对照组(P<0.05,P<0.01),观察组阴道分娩率明显高于对照组(P<0.05),低体重儿、巨大儿、高胆红素血症新生儿发病率均显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:体质指数指导下进行营养干预能有效降低妊娠期及分娩期合并症,提高阴道分娩率,降低新生儿并发症的发生。     

孕期个体化营养指导对妊娠结局的影响

目的：调查分析孕期个体化营养指导对妊娠结局的影响。方法选取2012年7月至2013年12月在海盐县妇幼保健院产科门诊常规行产前检查并在营养门诊行孕期个体化营养指导的孕妇120例作为研究组,选取同期在产科门诊行常规产前检查,但未行孕期个体化营养指导的孕妇120例作为对照组。比较两组孕妇孕期的体重变化及妊娠期糖尿病、剖宫产及巨大儿(出生体重≥4000g)的发生率。结果对照组在孕晚期的体质量指数及孕期增重均高于研究组,经比较均有显著性差异( t值分别为2.02、2.13,均P<0.05);对照组的妊娠期糖尿病发生率、剖宫产率及巨大儿的发生率均明显高于研究组(χ2值分别为4.29、11.28、4.63,均P<0.05)。结论给予孕妇孕期个体化营养指导能有效降低妊娠合并症,改善妊娠结局。     

Trends in meningococcal disease in Italy in 1988

Meningococcal disease in Italy decreased 15% in 1988 from the previous year (290 vs. 342 cases). The decline was particularly evident in military cases (1.7/100,000 in 1988 vs. 5/100,000 in 1987) reflecting the full coverage of bivalent serogroup (A + C) meningococcal polysaccaride vaccine in army recruits, achieved since January 1988. The highest proportion of cases was seen in people older than 25 years of age (25%). Serogroup C constituted 60% of the isolates, while 19% belonged to serogroup B. The proportion of strains resistant to sulphonamides was 45%, while 15% were resistant to Minocycline and none to Rifampin. Out of the five military cases, only one (due to serogroup C) was attributable to the vaccine failure. A single coprimary case, but no secondary cases occurred among civilians. These findings are consistent with the trends reported in Italy in the previous years.     

Benzene in blood and phenol in urine in monitoring benzene exposure in industry

Determinations of benzene concentration in blood and of phenol in urine were made by head-space gas chromatography techniques on samples taken near the end of the work day from two groups of workers potentially exposed to low levels of benzene in the work-place atmosphere. Preliminary results suggest that benzene in blood is more reliable than phenol tests for assessing both exposure and uptake of benzene. Normal values of phenol in urine (10 mg/liter or less) were found in nearly all those cases in which benzene was detected in the blood.     

2015年郑州市饮用水放射性水平状况调查

目的了解郑州市不同地区、不同季节、不同水源类型的放射性水平。方法分别于丰水期和枯水期采集郑州市区黄河水源水、井水源水、丹江口水源水、出厂水和末梢水各一份;以县为单位,每单位采集出厂水、末梢水、水库水、河水、井水各1份,按《生活饮用水生活标准检验方法》(GB/T 5750.13-2006)检测饮用水中总α和总β放射性水平,依据《生活饮用水卫生标准》(GB 5749-2006)进行判定。结果丰水期、枯水期水体总α、总β放射性水平均低于国家标准限值。结论郑州市不同水源类型均处于正常的天然放射性本底水平。     

Occupational stress in nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan

Nurses are known to be exposed to occupational stress. However, occupational stress is not well documented for nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. A cross-sectional study was conducted to explore the work-related stress and risk factors of nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. A structured questionnaire was distributed to nurses at five state-owned psychiatric hospitals in Taiwan in 2001. Demographic information, working environment, and personal health status were inquired. Occupational stress was assessed based on the Chinese version of Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ). General health status and mental health were evaluated by the International Quality of Life Assessment Short Form-36 (IQOLA SF-36). A total of 573 questionnaires were disseminated to nurses and 518 (90.4%) were satisfactorily completed by nurses, including 408 female full-time nurses who had been in their current work for more than 6 months. In the past one month, 17.2% of nurses reported being under significant stress often or always. Assault episodes were reported by 45.1% of nurses in the past 6 months. Among the nurses, 16.9%, 25.2%, 50.0%, and 7.8% belong to the "High strain", "Low strain", "Active", and "Passive" groups, respectively. Perceived occupational stress was associated with young age, widowed/divorced/separated marital status, high psychological demand, low workplace support, and threat of assault at work. Lower general health score was associated with low job control, high psychological demand, and perceived occupational stress. A lower mental health score was associated with low job control, high psychological demand, low workplace support, and perceived occupational stress. We concluded that nurses in psychiatric institutions are under significant stress related to work factors.     

Changes in nursing administration in supporting transplantation in Brazil

This historical and bibliographic study aimed to understand how Nursing was organized to support care in transplantation. The HISA, LILACS, BDENF, PERIENF and DEDALUS databases were consulted, and thirteen references were found, ten of which were scientific articles, two were master's dissertations and one was a doctoral thesis. The span of time chosen for study ranges from the date of the first kidney transplant in Brazil (1965), to the date of publication of the last scientific article found in the databases mentioned above (2003). After reading these articles, the ones that were similar in topic were grouped together, thus creating the thematic axis for the presentation of the results. The results showed that the Nursing profession has played an important and active role in transplants ever since the first procedure in 1965.     

2019年中国肿瘤流行病学研究进展

恶性肿瘤已成为中国居民的主要死因之一。近些年来,中国政府积极推进肿瘤预防和控制领域的研究工作,取得了很大的进步。本文简要汇总中国在肿瘤流行病学领域的研究进展,具体包括2019年的肿瘤负担、癌症危险因素及其干预、筛查和早期发现、癌症防治专项行动(2019-2022年)方案等方面,以期为我国肿瘤防治工作的有效开展提供技术支撑和理论依据。     

2012年绵阳市蔬菜中农药残留状况

目的 了解绵阳市2012年市售蔬菜中农药残留情况,为食用蔬菜监管提供依据.方法 全部样品均按照GB/T 5009-2003的方法进行农药的残留检测.依据GB 2763-2005《食品中农药最大残留限量》进行判定.结果 2012年共检测蔬菜165份,农药检出率和超标率分别为72.12％和23.64％.豆类、根茎类、叶菜类、瓜果菜类和食用菌类蔬菜检测农药残留超标率分别为8.00％、23.53％、36.00％、5.26％和27.03％,差异有统计学意义(x2=11.41,P＜0.01).不同种类农药超标率差异有统计学意义(x2 =62.42,P＜0.01).夏季和冬季蔬菜农药超标率差异无统计学意义(x2=3.44,P＞0.05).结论 绵阳市叶菜类蔬菜中农药残留情况较为严重,应采取有效措施,加强蔬菜的监督管理,从源头禁止高毒农药的使用,加大蔬菜种植、销售环节的监测,确保市民食用蔬菜的安全.