Traumatic First Metatarsal Bone Loss Treated with a Staged Method Using an Antibiotic Cement Spacer and Subsequent Autografting: A Case Report

Fractures with bone loss are rare. A staged method of using bone cement as a spacer and subsequent autografting has been used successfully to treat traumatic bone loss of long bones. We report a case of traumatic bone loss of the 1st metatarsal bone that was treated successively with a staged method of using antibiotic-impregnated bone cement as a spacer in the primary phase and cancellous autografting in second-stage surgery.     

自体骨移植与骨形成蛋白治疗成人长骨骨折不愈合的Meta分析

目的：系统评价自体骨移植与骨形成蛋白治疗成人长骨骨折不愈合相关指标,为成人长骨骨折不愈合治疗提供参考依据。方法：计算机检索PuMed、Embase、Cochrane图书馆、中国知网（CNKI）、万方数据期刊全文数据库及中国生物医学文献数据库（CBM）发表的对于自体骨移植与骨形成蛋白治疗成人长骨骨折不愈合的随机对照试验,检索时间从建库至2019年3月。由2名研究者按照纳入和排除标准独立进行筛选文献,提取资料,并采用Jadad评价量表对纳入的文献进行质量评价。采用RevMan 5.3统计学软件对两种方法的感染发生率、成功愈合率、二次手术率、住院时间及术中失血量进行Meta分析。结果：共纳入7个随机对照试验研究,共652例患者,自体骨移植组有410例,骨形成蛋白组有242例。Meta分析结果显示：自体骨移植组与骨形成蛋白组在感染发生率［RR=1.32,95%CI（0.90,1.93）,P=0.16］,成功愈合率［RR=0.95,95%CI（0.84,1.08）,P=0.43］,二次手术率［RR=1.16,95%CI（0.43,3.12）,P=0.76］及住院时间［MD=0.69,95%CI（-0.38,1.75）,P=0.21］方面比较差异无统计学意义。自体骨移植组术中失血量明显高于骨形成蛋白组［MD=223.00,95%CI（32.72,413.28）,P=0.02］。结论：对于成人长骨骨折不愈合的治疗,骨形成蛋白可以获得和自体骨移植一样的骨折愈合率,同时可以明显减少术中失血量。骨形成蛋白可能更适合成人长骨骨折不愈合的治疗。     

手部骨缺损的修复与重建

目的研究因手指、掌骨缺损而导致手的外形和功能受限,通过显微外科技术重建的手术方法。方法采用自体游离或带血管髂骨与皮瓣组合、带血管跖趾关节或游离足趾与皮瓣组合等方法一期或分期再造残缺手或手指。用局部皮瓣游离皮瓣或串联皮瓣修复缺损的软组织,同时修复关节囊及肌腱缺损。根据重建类型,术后1～3周予以康复训练。结果本组19例,术后1例因严重感染导致手术失败并截指,2例部分皮肤创面予以二期覆盖,其余16例经8月～2．5年随访,按照中华医学会手外科学会断指再植功能评定试用标准评价结果,运动功能：优3例,良7例;感觉功能：优（S5）11例,良（S4）2例;外观评价：优5例,良6例。结论采用自体骨与皮瓣组合、自体足趾及关节移植与皮瓣组合等方法重建手与手指骨缺损,能最大程度地恢复手部外形及功能,降低手和手指残缺率。     

Impaction bone grafting for periprosthetic fractures around a total hip arthroplasty

The incidence of periprosthetic fractures has been reported to be between 1 and 20.9% and appears to be on the rise. Fractures that occur around the femoral stem, particularly when the stem is loose or there is a loss of bone stock pose a technical challenge. These are rare injuries and there is considerable debate regarding their optimal treatment. Reconstruction with large segment endoprosthetic replacement is an acceptable solution for elderly patients who have limited functional demands and where the prosthesis is expected to outlive the patient. The younger patient poses a much greater challenge, the bone must be reconstituted and the femoral canal geometry must sufficiently restored to allow the stable insertion of a prosthesis. There are very few techniques that exist in this scenario. One such technique is impaction bone grafting and revision to a long smooth tapered cemented stem. This allows the restoration of bone stock and the stable insertion of a prosthesis. The aim of this article is to discuss the theory behind impaction bone grafting, the technical aspects and challenges of this technique, including fracture reduction methods, and to appraise all the literature available on impaction bone grafting for periprosthetic fractures.     

残缺手与手指骨缺损的修复与重建

目的 探讨解决先天性或创伤所导致的残缺手与手指骨缺损、外形残缺和功能受限的问题,以及通过再造恢复其外形及功能的手术方法. 方法 采用自体游离或带血管髂骨与皮瓣组合、带血管跖趾关节或游离足趾与皮瓣组合等方法 一期或分期再造残缺手与手指.用局部或游离皮瓣或串联皮瓣重建缺损的软组织,同时修复关节囊及肌腱缺损. 结果 术后除1例因严重感染失败,其余全部成活.15例中13例经8个月～2年随访,按照中华医学会手外科学会断指再植功能评定试用标准评价结果 :运动功能优2例,良5例.感觉功能:优(S5)8例,良(S4)1例.外观评价:优4例,良5例. 结论 采用自体骨与皮瓣组合、自体足趾及关节移植与皮瓣组合等方法 再造残缺手与手指,能最大程度的恢复手部外形及一定的功能,减低手和手指残缺率.     

骨搬移治疗胫骨骨缺损相关并发症的防治

目的 :探讨骨搬移治疗胫骨骨缺损相关并发症的预防与治疗方法。方法 :2012年1月至2015年6月应用骨搬移技术治疗38例胫骨骨缺损患者,男26例,女12例;年龄36~66岁,平均49.0岁;均为开放性胫骨骨折。38例患者骨缺损长度为4~9.6 cm,平均5.2 cm,术后及时调整力线及搬移速度,患者坚持负重。结果 :38例患者术后均获随访,时间17~36个月,平均24.0个月。19例患者对合端自然愈合,其余18例分别经手风琴技术(10例)、植骨辅助内固定(8例)相应处理后愈合。1例患者因神志不清、肺炎、膝关节脱位、糖尿病、脑瘫后遗症等难以护理,患者家属强烈要求手术截肢,故予以截肢处理。骨搬移时间为4~10个月,平均7.1个月。搬移长度为5~11.6 cm,平均8.0 cm。根据Johner-Wruhs胫骨干骨折疗效评价标准:优11例,良18例,中6例,差3例。除1例截肢外,其余病例均治愈,无感染复发、再骨折等。结论:骨搬移法是治疗胫骨骨缺损的有效方法,但其存在许多并发症是限制其临床应用的主要因素,包括搬移距离过长时长骨力线的偏移(骨外露)、钉道感染、钢针松动、软组织下陷、膝踝关节功能丧失、牵张骨痂不长、对合端接触后骨不愈合等。     

外固定架结合骨段滑移治疗胫骨骨折

目的探讨利用外固定架结合骨段滑移治疗胫骨骨折的方法。方法应用外固定架结合骨段滑移的方法治疗11例胫骨骨折合并骨缺损和软组织缺损的患者。胫骨缺损长度4～12 cm;软组织缺损面积4 cm×5cm～8 cm×16 cm。使用单边重建外固定架,经过扩创、清除死骨、骨膜下截骨、骨段滑移、骨接触端植骨等步骤完成骨段滑移。结果 11例均获随访,时间18～48个月。胫骨骨折均获得愈合。骨段滑移5～12(8±1.9)cm。4例出现钉道浅表感染。2例膝关节屈伸活动度较健侧减少15°,1例踝关节屈伸减少10°,但是不影响生活。2例进行了浅表创面游离植皮。无经历第二次深部扩创、无进行皮瓣转移。结论外固定架结合骨段滑移是治疗胫骨骨折、骨缺损的有效办法,具有创伤小、疗效确切的优点。     

Composite implant of native bovine bone morphogenetic protein (BMP), collagen carrier and biocoral in the treatment of resistant ulnar nonunions: report of five preliminary cases

Introduction Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) has been shown to induce bone formation and union in long bone defects and nonunions. There are, however, no previous reports of BMP being used for ulnar nonunions. We report on five cases of resistant ulnar nonunions treated with a composite implant consisting of a biocoral frame, collagen carrier, and bovine BMP.Materials and methods Four diaphyseal and one olecranon ulnar nonunions were treated using BMP/coral implant combined with internal fixation. Additional autografting was used in three cases. All of the cases were challenging in their own ways: Three of the patients had been operated on earlier for their nonunion without success, one had a 40 mm bone loss, and one had a 9-month-old untreated olecranon fracture. After excision of the sclerotic surfaces of the nonunion, the gap was filled with autograft and a composite implant containing BMP. Fixation was done with a compression plate in the diaphyseal nonunions and with a tension band in the olecranon nonunion.Results Solid union was achieved in all five cases. No infections or other adverse effects were encountered.Conclusion These preliminary results suggest that BMP-containing implants might be a feasible alternative or superior to autografting in the treatment of resistant ulnar nonunions.     

“直视法”椎弓根螺钉固定术治疗不稳定性寰枢椎骨折

目的评价应用"直视法"寰枢椎椎弓根螺钉固定术治疗不稳定性寰枢椎骨折的临床疗效及安全性。方法2011年1月—2014年12月,本院采用"直视法"寰枢椎椎弓根螺钉固定术并髂骨块植骨融合治疗22例寰枢椎不稳定性骨折患者,观察置钉的安全性、术后临床疗效、寰枢椎稳定性、手术并发症及植骨融合情况。结果所有患者寰枢椎椎弓根螺钉均一次置钉成功,寰枢间稳定性得到即刻恢复,无脊髓及椎动脉损伤等并发症发生,平均随访26.4月,影像学资料示螺钉位置良好,固定牢固,植骨融合时间平均3.4个月。结论采用"直视法"寰枢椎椎弓根螺钉固定术治疗寰枢椎不稳定性骨折,具有安全系数高、力学稳定性好、植骨融合率高及手术并发症少等优点,是治疗不稳定性寰枢椎骨折较为理想的技术。     

纳米人工骨治疗胸腰椎骨折复位后骨缺损的临床疗效

目的 评估纳米人工骨治疗胸腰椎骨折复位后骨缺损的临床疗效.方法 2017年2月—2019年3月,收治胸腰椎骨折患者64例,其中32例接受后路钉棒复位纳米人工骨修复骨缺损(观察组),另32例仅接受后路钉棒复位未行纳米人工骨填充(对照组).记录2组固定节段、手术时间、术中出血量及术后并发症发生情况,测量并比较2组术前、术后...     

Periacetabular bone changes after uncemented total hip arthroplasty evaluated by quantitative computed tomography

Background?There are few dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) studies on periacetabular bone density changes after cup implantation. This study was designed to analyze the load-transfer mechanism and stress pattern of periacetabular cortical and cancellous bone after implantation of a ihemispherical titanium alloy press-fit cup with alumina-alumina pairing in vivo. We introduced a novel method of computed tomography (CT)-assisted osteodensitometry.

Method?We investigated 26 hips (26 patients) with osteoarthritis using conventional sequential CT examinations performed within the first 10 days after implantation, and after a mean period of 1.1 years postoperatively. Bone density of full, cancellous and cortical bone (mgCaHA/mL) was measured.

Results?At the time of follow-up, the mean bone density values of the cortical bone cranial to the cup increased by 3.6% (p = 0.03) while the cancellous bone density decreased by 18%. Cancellous bone loss was greater in the region ventral to the cup (–35%) than in the dorsal region (–30%). Cortical bone density decreased ventral to the cup (–6.4%). All these changes were statistically significant. The bone density changes in the dorsal cortical region were not significant.

Interpretation?The method presented is an excellent tool for detailed measurement of bone density changes around the cup after total hip arthroplasty, and allows a thorough assessment of stress shielding phenomena in vivo. The hemispherical titanium alloy press-fit cup is a rigid implant which stress shields cancellous bone and enhances load transfer to the cranial cortical bone. Further investigations will demonstrate the impact these factors have on the long-term results of the implant, and may allow a type-related predictable prognosis of the longevity of the prosthesis.     

Temporal bone fracture and its complications

ＴＤｅｐａｒｔｍｅｎｔｏｆＯｔｏｒｈｉｎｏｌａｒｙｎｇｏｌｏｇｙ ,ＤａｐｉｎｇＨｏｓｐｉｔａｌ ,ＴｈｉｒｄＭｉｌｉｔａｒｙＭｅｄｉｃａｌＵｎｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｙ ,Ｃｈｏｎｇｑｉｎｇ 40 0 0 42 ,Ｃｈｉｎａ (ＣｈｅｎＪＣ ,ＪｉＣＹ ,ＹａｎｇＣａｎｄＬｉｕＺＨ)ｅｍｐｏｒａｌｂｏｎｅｉｓｔｈｅｍｏｓｔｃｏｍｐｌｅｘｐａｒｔｏｆｔｈｅｓｋｕｌｌ,ｗｈｉｃｈｃｏｎｔａｉｎｓａｒｔｅｒｉｅｓ ,ｉｎｎｅｒｅａｒｓ ,ｆａｃｉａｌｎｅｒｖｅｓａｎｄｓｏｍｅｏｔｈｅｒｉｍｐｏｒｔａｎｔｓｔｒｕｃｔｕｒｅｓ .Ｔｈｅｒｅｆｏ…     

手部创伤性骨关节缺损的处理

治疗手部骨关节缺损常采用植骨内固定、关节融合、关节成形及关节置换等方法．为总结经验，对１９８９年以来１０１例手部创伤性骨与关节缺损进行分析。单纯掌、指骨缺损３９例，行直接短缩对位，克氏针内固定６例，１例发主骨不连；对３３例缺损较大者用自体骨块植入克氏针交叉内固定，部分病例同时植人ＲＢＸ或异体骨粒，１０例发生延迟愈合，余全部正常愈合。骨与关节部分或完全缺损６２例，采用关节成形术４６例，其中以肋软骨移植效果最好，骨膜移植次之，筋膜衬垫或硅胶膜植入法较差；行关节融合术１１例．均达顺利融合；采用自体关节置换５例，均成活，术后关节活动度均＞７０°。我们认为：自体骨块植入克氏针交叉内固定，必要时植入ＲＢＸ骨粒．是治疗手部创伤性骨缺损的有效方法。关节缺损应按关节的重要性，分别采用关节融合术、关节成形术或关节置换术。     

经椎旁肌间隙入路钉棒固定并伤椎植骨治疗胸腰椎骨折

目的探讨经椎旁肌间隙入路钉棒固定并伤椎植骨治疗无神经损伤胸腰椎爆裂骨折的疗效。方法对95例无神经损伤胸腰椎骨折患者均采用经椎旁肌间隙入路螺钉固定,伤椎经椎弓根异体骨植骨手术方法。术前、术后和随访期间均摄X线片,检测椎体高度丢失情况以及Cobb角度变化,观察骨折愈合和术后并发症情况。结果手术时间100～150min,术中出血量100～250ml。95例均获随访,时间12～24个月,骨折均获得愈合。术后椎体高度恢复满意,矢状面畸形矫正,无明显的后凸角和高度丢失。6例螺帽松动。结论经椎旁肌间隙入路椎弓根螺钉内固定植骨治疗DenisB型骨折手术时间短,并发症少,疗效良好。     

Comparison of the radiographic vertebral trabecular pattern with the vertebral fracture prevalence and spinal bone density

Spinal bone densitometry allows accurate and precise measurement of the severity of bone loss. Where densitometry is not yet available medical practitioners have to continue to rely on clinical radiography. Since the grey levels of the radiographic image are highly inaccurate we studied the radiographic vertebral trabecular pattern for its suitability as a semiquantitative assessment of vertebral bone loss. We defined four vertebral trabecular pattern indices (VTPI 4=normal, VTPI 1=severe bone loss) and tested these for correlations with the prevalence of vertebral fractures, and with spinal and hip bone mineral density measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). We found negative correlations between VTPI and the percentage of patients with vertebral fractures (p=0.0001), between VTPI and the number of vertebral fractures per patient (r=0.606,p=0.001) and between VTPI and the severity of vertebral fractures, and a positive correlation between VTPI and spinal (r ²=0.556,p=0.0001) and hip DXA values (r ²=0.315,p=0.0001). We conclude that the vertebral trabecular pattern index can be used to assess the severity of spinal bone loss when a bone densitometer is not available.     

A new method of microskin autografting with a Vaseline-based moisture dressing on granulation tissue

In the conventional method of microskin autografting, aggressive early excision is adopted, followed by coverage with a microskin–allograft complex to close extensive burn wounds. However, early excision is always associated with a defect of viable tissue, resulting in massive blood loss and causing high risk to aged patients or those with other systemic diseases. We developed a new method in which an eschar thinning operation was first adopted, followed by raising granulation tissue and microskin autografting, which was covered by a Vaseline-based moisture dressing. A total of 52 patients were included in this study and randomly assigned to the control group (n = 26) and the experimental group (n = 26) for the conventional method and the new method, respectively. The re-epithelisation rate on the 21st day after autografting indicated that there was no significant difference between both groups. There was also no significant difference between the two groups when the re-epithelialisation rate was compared with the type of organisms cultured. However, the Vancouver Burn Skin Score (VBSS) results demonstrated a significant improvement of cosmetic appearance in the experimental group (score = 2.1) as compared to the control group (score = 3.9). The new method also showed other advantages, including less blood loss, shorter surgical duration and lower cost of surgery. From this prospective study, it can be concluded that the new method can be an alternative to the conventional microskin autografting procedure.     

Traumatic segmental bone loss in a pediatric patient treated with bifocal bone transport

SUMMARY: Bone transport is a method of distraction osteogenesis that allows the creation of regenerate bone using a dynamic external fixator. We report on the use of bifocal bone transport to treat a skeletally immature patient with 15 cm of post-traumatic segmental bone loss from the distal tibia.     

Orion锁定型颈椎前路钢板系统的临床应用

目的 探讨Orion负定型颈椎前路钢板系统对颈椎骨折和脊髓型颈椎病手术固定的效果。方法 对3例颈椎骨折合并高位截瘫和2例脊髓型颈椎病患者施行颈椎前路减压植骨融合及Orion钢板内固定。结果 术后随访4－12个月,植骨已完全融合,无钢板断裂、螺钉松动等情况发生。结论 Orion锁定型颈椎前路钢板系统方法简单、容易掌握,内固定牢固,尤其适用于颈椎骨折伴高位截瘫患者的内固定治疗。     

Spectrum of primary bone grafting in cranio maxillofacial trauma at a tertiary care centre in India

Background:

In past several years, traumas following road traffic accidents and other causes have increased, owing to an increase in mechanization and pace of life. These patients frequently have complicated injuries involving soft tissue and the craniofacial skeleton. Assessment of bony injuries and loss of portions of facial skeleton and their management has proved to be a challenge to the reconstructive surgeon.

Aims:

Primary bone grafting of craniofacial skeletal injuries provides an opportunity for one stage correction of bony defects. The varied spectrum of primary bone grafts for management of craniomaxillofacial injuries are evaluated in this study.

Materials and Methods:

Patients with a history of acute trauma resulting in facial skeletal injuries with or without bone loss were included in the study. Primary bone grafting was undertaken in situations requiring contour correction, replacement of skeletal losses and for rigid fixation of fracture segments. Olecranon, Iliac crest, ribs, Vascularized as well as nonvascularized outer table calvarial grafts and nonvascularized inner table calvarial grafts were used in this study.

Results:

Sixty two patients of craniomaxillofacial injury following trauma requiring primary bone grafting were considered in this study. Fifty seven percent of patients (n=32) required primary bone grafting for replacement of bone loss while bone grafting for contour correction was done in twenty three patients. The parietal calvaria overlying the non-dominant hemisphere was used as a source of bone graft in forty-nine patients. Nearly ninety-two percent of the patients were satisfied with the results of primary bone grafting.

Conclusions:

Functional and aesthetic assessment of each of these patients, managed with primary bone grafting revealed a low rate of disabilities and high percentage of satisfaction in this study.     

病灶刮除植骨联合股骨近端解剖钢板在股骨近端良性肿瘤治疗中的应用

目的:探讨病灶刮除植骨联合股骨近端解剖钢板治疗股骨近端良性肿瘤的临床疗效。方法 :自2010年1月至2014年10月,采用病灶刮除、自体髂骨或自体髂骨加同种异体骨植入及解剖钢板内固定术治疗股骨近端良性肿瘤患者30例,其中男13例,女17例;年龄12~68岁,平均42岁;病程1个月~2年,平均9个月。手术前后采用MSTS评分评价患者的下肢功能,并将末次MSTS评分与术前评分进行比较,随访时同时行X线检查,评价病灶愈合情况,并观察不良反应发生情况。结果:30例患者均获得随访,时间12~48个月,平均29个月。末次随访时MSTS评分为27.06±2.59高于术前的16.44±1.35,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。末次随访时X线片均显示植骨融合,合并病理骨折者骨连续性恢复,内固定位置良好,无松动、变形及移位等。术后1例切口脂肪液化,1例骨巨细胞瘤患者术后13个月复发。结论:病灶刮除植骨联合股骨近端解剖钢板是治疗股骨近端肿瘤的有效方法,可以有效地控制肿瘤,缓解疼痛,改善功能并且预防病理性骨折的发生。