Effect of dietary ribonucleic acid on bacterial translocationand survival following blood transfusion and thermal injury

Ribonucleic acid (RNA) has been shown to have a key role in the maintenance of normal cellular function and host resistance to infection. The effect of experimental diets containing RNA on microbial translocation, killing of translocated bacteria and the survival rate of the host was studied in a burn animal model which included immunosuppression. Balb/c mice were fed for 10 days with an RNA supplemented diet (AIN/76A). Control groups were fed with two commercial diets: AIN-76A or Purina chow 5001 (chow). After 10 days of feeding, all animals received an allogenic transfusion. On day 15 the animals were gavaged with 10(10)(14)C radiolabeled or unlabeled Escherichia coli, and given a 20% total body surface area (TBSA) burn injury. Animals gavaged with unlabeled bacteria were observed for survival (n = 60) and animals gavaged with labeled bacteria were sacrificed 4 h post-burn (n = 30) and the mesenteric lymph nodes, liver and spleen were harvested. Slightly less translocation was observed in the liver and spleen of animals fed on RNA diet. Bacterial counts were measured and the percentages of translocated organisms that survived in the tissues were calculated and showed no statistical differences between the three groups. Survival was 45% in RNA group versus 55% in the non-supplemented AIN-76A and 50% in the chow group. It is concluded that a diet enriched in RNA slightly affects bacterial translocation but does not affect survival after severe injury.     

低剂量电离辐射对放射工作人员血压的影响

目的探讨低剂量电离辐射对放射工作人员血压的影响;方法选取武汉市某医院219名医务人员作为研究对象,将其中115名放射工作人员作为低剂量电离辐射暴露组,其余104名非放射工作人员作为对照组,测量两组人群的血压,同时收集暴露组的个人年剂量。采用独立样本t检验对两组人群血压进行比较,采用线性回归模型分析暴露组个人年剂量与血压的关系,采用Logistic回归分析方法,分析暴露组高血压与个人年剂量的关系;结果研究发现,暴露组血压均值明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),线性回归分析发现,暴露组个人年剂量与血压无显著关联,Logistic回归分析发现,暴露组女性患高血压的风险高于男性,个人年剂量与高血压无显著关联;结论放射工作人员中女性患高血压的风险高于男性,低剂量电离辐射与放射工作人员血压改变无显著关联。     

Optimizing a readout protocol for low dose retrospective OSL-dosimetry using household salt

The authors' aim has been to find a single aliquot regenerative dose (SAR) protocol that accurately recovers an unknown absorbed dose in the region between 1-250 mGy in household salt. The main investigation has been conducted on a specific mine salt (>98.5% NaCl) intended for household use, using optical stimulation by blue LED (λ = 462 nm). The most accurate dose recovery for this brand of salt is found to be achieved when using Peak Signal Summing (PSS) of the OSL-decay and a preheat temperature of 200°C after the test dose. A SAR protocol for the household salt with preset values of regenerative doses (R1--R5) and a test dose (TED) of 17 mGy is also suggested here. Under laboratory conditions, the suggested protocol recovers unknown absorbed doses in this particular brand within 5% (2 SD) in the dose range between 1-250 mGy. This is a very promising result for low dose applications of household salt as a retrospective dosimeter after a nuclear or radiological event.     

长期低水平苯接触对工人外周血调节性T细胞的影响

高浓度苯对血液系统和免疫系统具有明显的毒性作用[1-3].但长期低水平苯接触对工人免疫系统的影响还不清楚.有研究表明,职业苯接触工人CD8淋巴细胞亚型比例异常增多,而CD8淋巴细胞可能参与了骨髓造血细胞的免疫损伤.     

长期低水平苯接触对工人外周血调节性T细胞的影响

高浓度苯对血液系统和免疫系统具有明显的毒性作用[1-3].但长期低水平苯接触对工人免疫系统的影响还不清楚.有研究表明,职业苯接触工人CD8淋巴细胞亚型比例异常增多,而CD8淋巴细胞可能参与了骨髓造血细胞的免疫损伤.     

长期低水平苯接触对工人外周血调节性T细胞的影响

高浓度苯对血液系统和免疫系统具有明显的毒性作用[1-3].但长期低水平苯接触对工人免疫系统的影响还不清楚.有研究表明,职业苯接触工人CD8淋巴细胞亚型比例异常增多,而CD8淋巴细胞可能参与了骨髓造血细胞的免疫损伤.     

Effect of different pump mechanisms on transfusion of blood

Sometimes infusion pumps are used to deliver whole blood to patients. However, in doing so there is a potential for damage to red cells from mechanical stresses in the pump, resulting in haemolysis. In order to investigate the degree of haemolysis caused by different pumps and therefore their suitability for whole blood infusion, we compared the performances of commonly used volumetric pumps (AVI 400; IVAC 560; IVAC 631 and IMED 927) with different pumping mechanisms. Our results show that the maximum haemolysis (3.9 mg/100g) was caused by the IVAC 560 and the least (1.08 mg/100g) by the AVI 400.     

Impact of food and herbal medication on calcineurin inhibitor dose in renal transplant patients: a cross-sectional study

The incidence and severity of interactions of herbal products with calcineurin inhibitor (CNI) metabolism in renal transplant recipients have not been systematically investigated. These patients have a high rate of herbal product consumption, including products interfering with CNI metabolism. The study aimed at identifying an impact of herbs and foods on CNI metabolism in a cohort of renal transplant recipients by conducting dietary interviews (1) in patients with very low and high CNI maintenance dose requirements and (2) by retrospective analysis of unexplained marked deviations from CNI baseline trough levels. Of 73 renal transplant recipients, 59 were treated with a CNI-based immunosuppressive regimen. Seven patients with an exceptionally high or low CNI dose were interviewed. Five of these seven patients had not consumed any plant product with known influence on CNI metabolism. In one patient chicory-coffee and bitter chocolate had been suspected as contributing to high CNI dose requirement, but the dose could not be lowered after discontinuation of these foods. Participating nephrologists reported three as yet unexplained temporary deviations from baseline CNI trough levels, of which two could be linked to newly started consumption of high volumes of herbal teas and the other to St. John's wort. Consumption of herbal products within the study cohort had no detectable impact on maintenance doses of CNI. However, herbal products, and specifically teas when consumed by the liter, could be linked to temporary strong deviations from CNI trough levels. The study demonstrates that as yet unnoticed herbal interactions with CNI can be detected by detailed dietary analysis, but that the overall impact on maintenance doses of CNI appears to be low.     

Effect of a soy protein diet on serum lipids of renal transplant patients

ObjectiveThe aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of a soy-protein diet on plasma lipid levels of renal transplant recipients with moderate hypercholesterolemia.DesignDietary intervention case-control observational study.SettingRenal transplantation outpatient clinic.PatientsFifteen stable patients who had renal transplantation (serum creatinine < 2 mg/dL) with moderate hypercholesterolemia (low-density lipoprotein [LDL] cholesterol > 140 mg/dL).InterventionAfter a baseline dietary interview, dietary counseling was given individually with the goal of substituting 25 g of animal protein with 25 g of soy protein for a 5-week period, using commercially available soy foods, according to each patient’s own preference.Main outcome measuresBefore and after the soy-diet period, plasma lipid profiles including total, LDL, and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, triglycerides, apolipoprotein A1 and B were determined. Protein catabolic rate was assumed as a measure of dietary protein intake.ResultsTwo patients dropped out. After the soy diet, total cholesterol (254 ± 22 to 231 ± 31 mg/dL, P < .05) and LDL cholesterol (165 ± 20 versus 143 ± 20 mg/dL, P < .01) decreased significantly. No significant changes were observed regarding HDL cholesterol and triglycerides. Dietary protein intake did not differ at baseline (73.2 ± 22.9 g/day) and during the soy diet (72.6 ± 15.6 g/day), when the reported actual soy protein intake resulted 26 ± 8 g/day.ConclusionsThis study shows that soy proteins given as part of the daily protein intake have beneficial effects on serum LDL cholesterol levels of renal transplant recipients with moderate hypercholesterolemia. Soy proteins could be of use in the nutritional management of renal transplant recipients.     

自体血回输对骨科手术患者围手术期细胞免疫功能的影响

目的 探讨自体血回输对骨科手术患者围手术期细胞免疫功能的影响.方法 回顾性分析2007年6月至2011年10月择期骨科手术患者226例的临床资料,根据输血方式分为观察组(154例)和对照组(72例).观察组术中采用血液回收机将自体血回输给患者,对照组术中全部输异体成分血,分别于人手术室(术前),术后第1、6天检测两组患者静脉血T淋巴细胞亚群和自然杀伤细胞(NK细胞)并进行统计学分析.结果 观察组和对照组术后第1天CD3+、CD4+、CD4+/CD8+、NK细胞分别为0.7184±0.0921、0.3878±0.0611、1.64±0.27、0.1627±0.0633和0.6548±0.0852、0.3137±0.0726、1.18±0.31、0.1465±0.0514,均较术前的0.7436±0.1069、0.4301±0.0818、1.68±0.31、0.1945±0.0572和0.7537±0.0940、0.4453±0.0608、1.62±0.32、0.1821±0.0571明显减少(P＜0.05),但观察组明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).术后第6天观察组CD3+、CD4+、CD4+/CD8+、NK细胞与术前比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);而对照组术后第6天CD3+、CD4+、CD4+/CD8+、NK细胞分别为0.6266±0.0905、0.3048±0.0425、1.07±0.27、0.1408±0.0716,仍较术前明显减少,差异有统计学意义(P＜ 0.05).结论 术后自体血回输患者细胞免疫功能的抑制较异体血输入者轻,术后细胞免疫功能恢复快.     

采用自体血回输与血库血输入对输卵管妊娠破裂手术后疗效及感染的对比研究

目的 对比采用自体血回输与血库血输入对输卵管妊娠破裂手术的疗效及感染.方法 考察并对比输卵管妊娠破裂手术后,31例血库血输入和38例自体血回输的术后疗效和感染情况.结果 与血库血输入组比,自体血回输组输血前的C-反应蛋白(CPR)、中性粒细胞,差异无统计学意义;血库血输入组输血前CPR为(2.64±1.08)mg/L,与输血后1h、术后1、2d的CPR(15.50±5.60)、(2.64±1.08)、(93.80±16.40)mg/L比较,差异均有统计学意义(均P＜0.05);自体血回输组输血前的CPR为(3.00±1.05)mg/L,与输血后1h、术后1、2d的CPR(12.50±2.40)、(84.60±21.20)、(70.10±30.40)mg/L比较,差异均有统计学意义(均P＜0.05),血库血输入组术后2d的CPR与术后1d比,有降低趋势,但差异无统计学意义,术后2d自体血回输组的CPR显著降低,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);与血库血输组比,自体血回输组输血后1h、术后1d和2d的CPR较低;与输血前比,血库血输入组和自体血回输组输血后1h、术后1、2d的中性粒细胞显著增高,差异均有统计学意义(均P＜0.05);与术后1d比,自体血回输组术后2d的中性粒细胞显著降低;与血库血输入组比,自体血回输组的输血后1h、术后1d和术后2d的中性粒细胞显著较低;与输血前比,血库血输入组和自体血回输组输血后1h、术后1d的血红蛋白显著降低,差异均有统计学意义(均P＜0.05);与术后1d比,血库血输入组术后2d的血红蛋白有增高趋势;与术后1d比,血库血输入组术后2d的血红蛋白增高至输血前水准,差异均无统计学意义.结论 自体血回输有利于患者恢复,降低了患者住院期间的感染风险,自体血回输值得推广.     

输血前感染性指标检测对患者输血感染的影响分析

目的通过对患者输血前感染性指标(艾滋病病毒抗体、丙型肝炎病毒抗体、乙型肝炎表面抗原、抗梅毒螺旋体抗体)的检测,了解患者输血前的感染状况,降低医疗纠纷发生率。方法对医院2014年6月-2016年12月收治的5000例输血前患者,采用化学发光法检测患者输血前艾滋病病毒抗体、丙型肝炎病毒抗体、乙型肝炎表面抗原指标;采用TRUST和TPPA方法检测抗梅毒螺旋体抗体指标,分析患者输血前感染性指标的阳性率、交叉感染率以及不同年份阳性率。结果患者输血前乙型肝炎表面抗原阳性率最高为10.40%,艾滋病病毒抗体阳性率最低为0.36%;不同年份间艾滋病病毒抗体、丙型肝炎病毒抗体、乙型肝炎表面抗原、抗梅毒螺旋体抗体阳性率比较有统计学意义(P0.05);输血前乙型肝炎病毒表面抗原+抗梅毒螺旋体抗体阳性患者最多为45例占44.12%,其次为乙型肝炎病毒表面抗原+丙型肝炎病毒抗体阳性为30例占29.41%。结论在输血前对患者感染性指标进行检测,有利于患者感染性疾病的早期诊治、预防医护人员职业暴露,减少医院感染,避免医疗纠纷。     

低剂量^153Sm辐照诱导细胞的存活适应性反应研究

本文研究了细胞预先受低剂量放射性核素１５３Ｓｍ进行辐照后，能否降低相继的高剂量放射性核素１５３Ｓｍ诱发的辐照效应，诱导出适应性反应。实验研究发现，预先进行３７ｋＢｑ／ｍｌ的低剂量放射性核素１５３Ｓｍ辐照，可以使对相继作用的３７×１０２ｋＢｑ／ｍｌ高剂量放射性核素１５３Ｓｍ辐照有了明显的抵抗力，表现出该高剂量１５３Ｓｍ辐照所致的细胞存活率明显高于单纯高剂量１５３Ｓｍ辐照组。从而表明细胞预先受单纯的低剂量放射性核素１５３Ｓｍ辐照，可以诱导出细胞存活适应性反应     

Effect of the levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system on uterine myomas in a renal transplant patient.

The levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system (LNG-IUS) has been used in the treatment of both idiopathic menorrhagia and adenomyosis. An electronic search of the on-line medical literature revealed no reports of its use for menorrhagia secondary to uterine myomas. Presented here is the successful treatment of uterine myomas with menorrhagia in a woman with a renal transplant. There was a significant reduction in menorrhagia, dysmenorrhea, and uterine and myoma size with the use of the LNG-IUS. We believe that this system provides an alternative to conventional hysterectomy and gonadotrophin-releasing hormonal analog medical treatment for uterine myomas, with a possibly inhibitory effect on myoma growth.     

Oral arginine improves blood pressure in renal transplant and hemodialysis patients.

BACKGROUND: Hypertension in kidney transplant (KT) patients may result from attenuated whole-body nitric oxide (NO) content and abnormal NO-mediated vasodilation. Increasing NO bioavailability with L-arginine (ARG) could theoretically restore the NO-mediated vasodilatory response and lower blood pressure. METHODS: In a prospective pilot study, 6 normotensive volunteers and 10 KT patients received oral supplements of ARG (9.0 g/d) for 9 days, then 18.0 g/d for 9 more days. Six hemodialysis (HD) and 4 peritoneal dialysis patients received the same dose for 14 days. Five KT patients received 30 mL/d of canola oil (CanO) in addition to ARG. Systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressure, creatinine clearance (CCr), and serum creatinine (Cr) were measured at baseline, day 9, and day 18. In a subsequent study, 20 hypertensive KT patients with stable but abnormal renal function were randomized in a crossover study to start ARG-only or ARG+CanO supplements for two 2-month periods with an intervening month of no supplementation. SBP, DBP, CCr, and Cr were measured monthly for 7 months. RESULTS: In the pilot study, ARG reduced the SBP in HD patients from 171.5 +/- 7.5 mmHg (baseline) to 142.8 +/- 8.3 mmHg (p = .028). In the crossover study, SBP was reduced from baseline (155.9 +/- 5.0 mmHg), after the first 2 months (143.2 +/- 3.2 mmHg; p = .03) and subsequent 2 months (143.3 +/- 2.5 mmHg; p = .014) of supplementation. DBP was also reduced after supplementation in both studies. CanO had no effect on blood pressure. Renal function did not change. CONCLUSIONS: Oral preparations of ARG (+/-CanO) were well tolerated for up to 60 consecutive days and had favorable effects on SBP and DBP in hypertensive KT and HD patients.     

Termination of early gestation with the anti-progestin steroid RU 486: medium versus low dose

RU 486 is a synthetic steroid which has antiprogesterone and antiglucocorticoid activity. In order to determine the optimal dosage of this drug to terminate early pregnancy, we treated 106 healthy women with normal pregnancies by real time ultrasound examination whose gestational duration was less than 49 days from onset of last menses with either a medium or low dose treatment regimen. A total of 66 patients received the medium dose regimen (100 mg/day X 7 days). Another 10 patients received ergonovine (0.2 mg/day X 6 doses) on Day 4 of the same RU 486 treatment regimen. In the first group, 48 (73%) aborted successfully and, of the second group, 6 (60%) aborted. Eighty percent of the subjects in this group of 76 patients reported side effects of nausea and vomiting, heavy bleeding, severe menstrual cramps or headache. All these side effects were successfully treated with analgesic and antiemetic medication. The remaining 30 subjects were treated with a low dose regimen (50 mg/day X 7 days). Of these 30, 15 (50%) aborted; this incidence was significantly less (p less than 0.05). Following the medium dose treatment regimen, the AM cortisol levels were significantly elevated on treatment Days 4 and 8, as compared to baseline (p less than 0.001), although the mean levels were still within the normal range. With the low dose, there was a non-significant rise in AM cortisol values. Thus the rise in cortisol was significantly greater in the former group than the latter (p less than 0.05). With the medium dose regimen, the women who aborted had significantly lower (p less than 0.05) pretreatment mean B-HCG and progesterone levels than the group that failed to abort. Mean serum levels of RU 486 were not significantly different between the group who aborted and those who did not. RU 486 is a promising agent for termination of early pregnancy.